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1.
Animal ; 12(3): 445-453, 2018 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28724462

ABSTRACT

Recent studies with Nile tilapia have shown divergent results regarding the possibility of selecting on morphometric measurements to promote indirect genetic gains in fillet yield (FY). The use of indirect selection for fillet traits is important as these traits are only measurable after harvesting. Random regression models are a powerful tool in association studies to identify the best time point to measure and select animals. Random regression models can also be applied in a multiple trait approach to analyze indirect response to selection, which would avoid the need to sacrifice candidate fish. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the genetic relationships between several body measurements, weight and fillet traits throughout the growth period and to evaluate the possibility of indirect selection for fillet traits in Nile tilapia. Data were collected from 2042 fish and was divided into two subsets. The first subset was used to estimate genetic parameters, including the permanent environmental effect for BW and body measurements (8758 records for each body measurement, as each fish was individually weighed and measured a maximum of six times). The second subset (2042 records for each trait) was used to estimate genetic correlations and heritabilities, which enabled the calculation of correlated response efficiencies between body measurements and the fillet traits. Heritability estimates across ages ranged from 0.05 to 0.5 for height, 0.02 to 0.48 for corrected length (CL), 0.05 to 0.68 for width, 0.08 to 0.57 for fillet weight (FW) and 0.12 to 0.42 for FY. All genetic correlation estimates between body measurements and FW were positive and strong (0.64 to 0.98). The estimates of genetic correlation between body measurements and FY were positive (except for CL at some ages), but weak to moderate (-0.08 to 0.68). These estimates resulted in strong and favorable correlated response efficiencies for FW and positive, but moderate for FY. These results indicate the possibility of achieving indirect genetic gains for FW and by selecting for morphometric traits, but low efficiency for FY when compared with direct selection.


Subject(s)
Body Composition/genetics , Body Weight/genetics , Cichlids/genetics , Animals , Cichlids/growth & development , Female , Male , Phenotype , Selection, Genetic
2.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 67(3): 899-908, May-Jun/2015. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-753938

ABSTRACT

Empregando o método dos quadrados mínimos e polinômios B-spline quadráticos, diferentes modelos estatísticos foram testados para identificar o mais apropriado para modelar as trajetórias médias do peso vivo e do rendimento de carcaça de tilápias do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus). Dados de peso vivo (8.758) e de rendimento de carcaça (2.042) de tilápias com idades entre 106 e 245 dias foram obtidos de 72 famílias provenientes de 36 machos e 72 fêmeas. As variáveis sexo e tanque de criação foram consideradas como classificatórias, e os coeficientes dos polinômios B-spline quadráticos com dois a cinco intervalos de mesmo tamanho foram utilizados como covariáveis. Segundo a maioria dos critérios de ajuste utilizados, os modelos com polinômio B-spline quadrático com cinco intervalos de mesmo tamanho apresentaram os melhores ajustes. O aumento do número de intervalos do polinômio B-spline melhorou o ajuste dos polinômios aos dados. A inclusão dos efeitos classificatórios de sexo, tanque de criação, interação entre esses efeitos e polinômio B-spline quadrático aninhado a essa interação indicou que, com o decorrer do tempo, cada sexo, cultivado em diferente tanque, apresentou trajetória média diferente, sendo necessária a inclusão do aninhamento do tempo na interação sexo x tanque de criação para que, em programas de melhoramento genético da espécie, os valores genéticos dos candidatos à seleção não sejam sub ou superestimados.


Employing the method of least squares and quadratic B-spline polynomials, different statistical models were tested to identify the most appropriate to model the mean trajectories of live weight and carcass yield of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Data of live weight (8,758) and carcass yield (2,042) of tilapias with ages between 106 and 245 days were obtained from 72 families derived from 36 males and 72 females. The sex and tank variables were considered as classificatory and the coefficients of quadratic polynomials B-spline of two to five intervals of the same size were used as covariables. According to most fit criteria used, the models with quadratic B-spline polynomial with five intervals of the same size presented the best adjustments. The increase in number of intervals of B-spline polynomial improved the fit of the polynomials to the data. The inclusion of classificatory effects from sex, tank, the interaction of these effects and the quadratic polynomial B-spline nested in this interaction indicated that, over time, each sex, grown in different tank, presented different mean trajectory, necessitating the inclusion of nesting time in the interaction sex x tank in order to avoid the under or overestimation of breeding values of the selection candidates in breeding programs of this species.


Subject(s)
Animals , Cichlids , Least-Squares Analysis , Models, Statistical , Probability , Body Weights and Measures/veterinary
3.
Animal ; 9(8): 1278-84, 2015 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25703049

ABSTRACT

Despite the economic importance of beef cattle production in Brazil, female reproductive performance, which is strongly associated with production efficiency, is not included in the selection index of most breeding programmes due to low heritability and difficulty in measure. The body condition score (BCS) could be used as an indicator of these traits. However, so far little is known about the feasibility of using BCS as a selection tool for reproductive performance in beef cattle. In this study, we investigated the sources of variation in the BCS of Nellore beef cows, quantified its association with reproductive and maternal traits and estimated its heritability. BCS was analysed using a logistic model that included the following effects: contemporary group at weaning, cow weight and hip height, calving order, reconception together with the weight and scores of conformation and early finishing assigned to calves at weaning. In the genetic analysis, variance components of BCS were estimated through Bayesian inference by fitting an animal model that also included the aforementioned effects. The results showed that BCS was significantly associated with all of the reproductive and maternal variables analysed. The estimated posterior mean of heritability of BCS was 0.24 (highest posterior density interval at 95%: 0.093 to 0.385), indicating an involvement of additive gene action in its determination. The present findings show that BCS can be used as a selection criterion for Nellore females.


Subject(s)
Body Constitution/physiology , Breeding/methods , Cattle/physiology , Meat/standards , Models, Biological , Phenotype , Selection, Genetic , Animals , Bayes Theorem , Body Constitution/genetics , Body Weight/genetics , Brazil , Cattle/genetics , Female , Reproduction/genetics
4.
Reprod Domest Anim ; 48(6): 1049-55, 2013 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23834584

ABSTRACT

Only a few studies have described hormonal treatments for induction of synchronicity and gamete collection in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), both important for assortative matings in breeding programmes and essential for polyploidy technologies. In this study, we compared the effectiveness of carp pituitary extract (CPE), Nile tilapia pituitary extract (TPE), human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) protocols on the induction of spawning and egg production in Nile tilapia. Among the hormonal treatments analysed, only hCG was effective for producing viable gametes for in vitro fertilization. To verify the viability of this hormonal treatment, hCG was tested using different doses (1000, 2000, 3000, 4000 and 5000 IU/kg) in a large number of females (208 animals) from two Nile tilapia lines. The results indicated that hCG doses between 1000 and 5000 IU/kg could be used to induce final oocyte maturation in Nile tilapia with collection of stripped oocytes. This is the first study to report differential reproductive responses to hormonal treatment between tilapia lines: line 1 was more efficient at producing eggs and post-hatching larvae after hCG induction than line 2. In conclusion, we demonstrated that the hCG protocol may be applied on a large scale to induce final oocyte maturation in Nile tilapia. The development of a protocol for in vitro fertilization in Nile tilapia may aid in breeding programmes and biotechnological assays for the development of genetically modified lines of Nile tilapia.


Subject(s)
Cichlids/physiology , Fertility Agents, Female/pharmacology , Fertilization in Vitro/veterinary , Animals , Female , Fertility Agents, Female/administration & dosage , Fertility Agents, Female/chemistry , Humans
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