ABSTRACT
Structured lipids (SL) containing behenic acid have been produced in order to obtain low-calorie lipids for foods; however, the development of a high nutritional value and a stable nanoemulsion carrier system for these SL is an interesting breakthrough for this field of research, improving technologic and biological potential for food application. In this sense, the aim of this study was to evaluate the stability of a nanoemulsion containing SL NeSL (produced with olive oil, soybean oil and fully hydrogenated crambe oil), the behavior during in vitro digestion and the effects on biomarkers involved in the obesity in cell models. The samples showed good stability throughout storage (30 days) under refrigeration and room temperature and after the gastric digestion phase compared to the controls (nanoemulsion of olive and soybean oil). After the intestinal phase, there was an increase in oil droplet size and zeta potential, a characteristic of coalescence. In the lipid accumulation model in adipocytes, the highest concentration (50 µL/mL) of NeSL resulted in 42% less lipid accumulation, compared to the control. Furthermore, the sample was able to reduce inflammatory cytokines produced by macrophages provoked by LPS (lipopolysaccharide). The combination of the oils in NeSL resulted in a fatty acid profile with beneficial health properties, which may have contributed to less lipid accumulation and improved inflammatory parameters. This SL in the form of a nanoemulsion, may be used as a partial fat substitute in low-calorie food products.
Subject(s)
Energy Intake , Soybean Oil , Biomarkers , Emulsions , Humans , ObesityABSTRACT
This is the first work to use a polyphenolic fraction derived from peanut skin to attenuate the toxicity induced by advanced glycation-end products (AGEs) in RAW264.7 macrophages. The RAW264.7 cells were stimulated by AGEs using the bovine serum albumin-fructose (BSA-FRU), bovine serum albumin-methylglyoxal (BSA-MGO) and arginine-methylglyoxal (ARG-MGO) models. The AGEs increased considerably the levels of reactive oxygen species and the gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and nitric oxide. Twenty-eight polyphenols, including catechin, phenolic acids, and resveratrol were annotated in peanut skin extract (PSE) with the use of ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF/MSE) and to the UNIFI Scientific Information System. The administration of PSE at 100 and 150 µg/mL significantly inhibited oxidative stress, by suppressing the production of reactive oxygen species up to 70% and reducing the production of nitric oxide, IL-6 and TNF-α up to 1.7-, 10- and 107-fold, respectively.
Subject(s)
Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology , Antioxidants/pharmacology , Arachis/chemistry , Glycation End Products, Advanced/toxicity , Nuts/chemistry , Polyphenols/pharmacology , Animals , Interleukin-6/metabolism , Mice , Nitric Oxide/metabolism , Oxidative Stress/drug effects , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , RAW 264.7 Cells , Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolismABSTRACT
O trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de elaborar bebida alcoólica fermentada a partir da polpa de jabuticaba e determinar a atividade antioxidante desse fermentado alcoólico. A partir da polpa, foi preparado mosto e inoculado com Saccharomyces cerevisiae, CCMA 0200, o processo fermentativo foi conduzido em fermentadores com capacidade de 6 L a22˚C. As fermentações foram monitoradas diariamente e amostras foram retiradas para análises cromatográficas. Ao fim da fermentação foram analisados o teor de compostos fenólicos totais e atividade antioxidante. O teor de etanol, ao final do processo fermentativo foi de 67,3 g.L-1 e foram identificados 25 compostos voláteis. O fermentado alcoólico de jabuticaba além de apresentar compostos importantes para o sabor e o aroma da bebida, possuem antioxidantes que são fontes de substâncias bioativas.
