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1.
Int J Health Plann Manage ; 23(2): 153-71, 2008.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18229884

ABSTRACT

The study aims to define configurations of factors from local, regional and national levels that, within a context of decentralized health systems, enable or hinder change towards a health care model of promotion and disease prevention as advocated in current Latin American public health discourse. The project made in-depth case studies of prevention and promotion activities in eight local health systems in rural and urban Brazil and Chile allowing three levels of comparison: national, regional and local. The data are based on interviews, secondary sources, policy documentation and observations. The results are summarized as pathways through configurations of factors leading to what are termed active and basic degrees of activity related to disease prevention and health promotion at the local level. The results raise considerations for policy-makers at each of the three levels of health systems regarding vertical and horizontal system structures, relationships to local government, management options and human resource incentives. The findings from this study can serve as a guide or menu of issues to consider in the implementation of new models of health care provision, not only in Brazil and Chile, but also elsewhere in Latin America and more widely in the world.


Subject(s)
Health Care Reform , Health Promotion/organization & administration , Organizational Innovation , Politics , Preventive Health Services/organization & administration , Brazil , Chile , Health Promotion/methods , Humans
2.
Health Policy Plan ; 20(2): 69-79, 2005 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15746215

ABSTRACT

Policies to reform health care provision often combine the organizational restructuring of decentralization with ideological restructuring through a new model of health care that gives greater weight to prevention and promotion. Decentralization provides a discretionary space to the local health system to define and develop its own activities. The central policy aim to shift the model of health care therefore must rely on incentives rather than directives and is likely to result in variation at local levels in the extent and mode of its implementation. The local processes affecting variation in local implementation of policies for prevention and promotion have not been studied in a developing country. This study does so by comparing two rural health systems with different levels of prevention and promotion activities in one of the poorest regions of Brazil, Ceará State in the northeast. The health system with greater activities of prevention and promotion also has a more advanced stage of decentralization, but this is in combination with many other, interacting influences that differentiate the two health systems' ability to adopt and implement new approaches. While beyond the scope of this paper to detail options for regional and national managers to encourage the adoption of a greater focus on prevention and promotion, it is clear that strategies needs to target not only the vision and actions of local health system staff, but critically also the expectations of the local population and the attitudes of local government.


Subject(s)
Health Promotion/organization & administration , Preventive Health Services/organization & administration , Rural Health Services/organization & administration , Brazil , Cooperative Behavior , Data Collection , Humans , Politics
3.
Cad. saúde pública ; 14(2): 279-86, abr.-jun. 1998. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-214393

ABSTRACT

No Brasil, a induçäo do aborto é legalmente permitida quando necessária para salvar a vida da mulher ou quando a concepçäo ocorreu de estupro. Apesar das restriçöes legais, morais e religiosas, a induçäo do aborto é amplamente praticada. Com o objetivo de identificar as características do aborto incompleto nas mulheres admitidas na maternidade pública de Florianópolis, foram entrevistadas 620 mulheres, entre 1 de julho de 1993 e 30 de junho de 1994. Com base em dados coletados por meio de questionário estruturado, säo apresentadas características sócio-demográficas, reprodutivas e médicas dos abortos, classificados como certamente provocados, possivelmente e espontâneos. Entre os 141 casos de aborto provocado, cerca de 50 por cento das mulheres reportaram uso isolado do Cytotec (misoprostol), ou deste associado a outro método abortivo. Os resultados revelam que na populaçäo estudada a induçäo do aborto é prática comum entre mulheres jovens, solteiras ou sem parceiro estável, de bom nível de escolaridade e näo usuárias de métodos anticonceptivos. Foi também registrada uma reduçäo do número de complicaçöes graves relacionadas ao aborto provocado admitido ao hospital.


Subject(s)
Abortion, Criminal , Abortion, Spontaneous
4.
Rev. saúde pública ; 31(5): 472-8, 1997.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-234443

ABSTRACT

O uso de aspiraçäo a vácuo (AV) no tratamento do aborto incompleto é prática bastante difundida em países desenvolvidos. Vários estudos nesses países indicam que o uso da técnica de aspiraçäo manual a vácuo (AMV) pode conservar recursos do sistema de saúde e melhorar a qualidade do tratamento do aborto. No Brasil, o uso da AMV é procedimento de rotina nos hospitais e clínicas privados. Entretanto, na maioria dos hospitais da rede pública é utilizada somente a técnica de dilataçäo e curetagem (D&C). Foram utilizados métodos de avaliaçäo rápida para estimar a variaçäo do custo médio do tratamento e duraçäo da estadia hospitalar, em um grupo de 30 pacientes admitidas com aborto incompleto em hospital público de Fortaleza, CE (Brasil). Participantes foram alocadas, randomicamente, em um dos dois grupos de tratamento investigados (AMV ou D&C). Os resultados sugerem que o uso da AMV, em substituiçäo a D&C, no tratamento do aborto incompleto, pode reduzir em até 41 por cento o custo médio do tratamento e em 77 por cento o tempo médio de hospitalizaçäo. Recomenda-se a realizaçäo de estudos confirmatórios, como também que se aprofunde os conhecimentos sobre a percepçäo do aborto e seu tratamento por parte do pessoal de saúde e da populaçäo feminina


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Hospital Costs , Abortion, Spontaneous/economics , Abortion, Incomplete , Abortion, Spontaneous/complications , Hospitals, Public , Length of Stay
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