ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Since February 2020, data on the clinical features of patients infected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and their clinical evolution have been gathered and intensively discussed, especially in countries with dramatic dissemination of this disease. OBJECTIVE: To assess the clinical features of Brazilian patients with SARS-CoV-2 and analyze its local epidemiological features. DESIGN AND SETTING: Observational retrospective study conducted using data from an official electronic platform for recording confirmed SARS-CoV-2 cases. METHODS: We extracted data from patients based in the state of Pernambuco who were registered on the platform of the Center for Strategic Health Surveillance Information, between February 26 and May 25, 2020. Clinical signs/symptoms, case evolution over time, distribution of confirmed, recovered and fatal cases and relationship between age group and gender were assessed. RESULTS: We included 28,854 patients who were positive for SARS-CoV-2 (56.13% females), of median age 44.18 years. SARS-CoV-2 infection was most frequent among adults aged 30-39 years. Among cases that progressed to death, the most frequent age range was 70-79 years. Overall, the mortality rate in the cohort was 8.06%; recovery rate, 30.7%; and hospital admission rate (up to the end of follow-up), 17.3%. The average length of time between symptom onset and death was 10.3 days. The most commonly reported symptoms were coughing (42.39%), fever (38.03%) and dyspnea/respiratory distress with oxygen saturation < 95% (30.98%). CONCLUSION: Coughing, fever and dyspnea/respiratory distress with oxygen saturation < 95% were the commonest symptoms. The case-fatality rate was 8.06% and the hospitalization rate, 17.3%.
Subject(s)
COVID-19/epidemiology , Adult , Aged , Brazil/epidemiology , COVID-19/mortality , Female , Fever , Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Since February 2020, data on the clinical features of patients infected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and their clinical evolution have been gathered and intensively discussed, especially in countries with dramatic dissemination of this disease. OBJECTIVE: To assess the clinical features of Brazilian patients with SARS-CoV-2 and analyze its local epidemiological features. DESIGN AND SETTING: Observational retrospective study conducted using data from an official electronic platform for recording confirmed SARS-CoV-2 cases. METHODS: We extracted data from patients based in the state of Pernambuco who were registered on the platform of the Center for Strategic Health Surveillance Information, between February 26 and May 25, 2020. Clinical signs/symptoms, case evolution over time, distribution of confirmed, recovered and fatal cases and relationship between age group and gender were assessed. RESULTS: We included 28,854 patients who were positive for SARS-CoV-2 (56.13% females), of median age 44.18 years. SARS-CoV-2 infection was most frequent among adults aged 30-39 years. Among cases that progressed to death, the most frequent age range was 70-79 years. Overall, the mortality rate in the cohort was 8.06%; recovery rate, 30.7%; and hospital admission rate (up to the end of follow-up), 17.3%. The average length of time between symptom onset and death was 10.3 days. The most commonly reported symptoms were coughing (42.39%), fever (38.03%) and dyspnea/respiratory distress with oxygen saturation < 95% (30.98%). CONCLUSION: Coughing, fever and dyspnea/respiratory distress with oxygen saturation < 95% were the commonest symptoms. The case-fatality rate was 8.06% and the hospitalization rate, 17.3%.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , COVID-19/epidemiology , Brazil/epidemiology , Retrospective Studies , Fever , COVID-19/mortality , Hospitalization/statistics & numerical dataABSTRACT
AIMS: B1- and B2-kinin receptors play a major role in several cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate cardiac functional consequences of B1- and B2-kinin receptors ablation, focusing on the cardiac ROS and NO generation. MAIN METHODS: Cardiac contractility, ROS, and NO generation, and protein expression were evaluated in male wild-type (WT), B1- (B1-/-) and B2-kinin (B2-/-) knockout mice. KEY FINDINGS: Impaired contractility in B1-/- and B2-/- hearts was associated with oxidative stress through upregulation of NADPH oxidase p22phox subunit. B1-/- and B2-/- hearts presented higher NO and peroxynitrite levels than WT. Despite decreased sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase pump (SERCA2) expression, nitration at tyrosine residues of SERCA2 was markedly higher in B1-/- and B2-/- hearts. SIGNIFICANCE: B1- and B2-kinin receptors govern ROS generation, while disruption of B1- and B2-kinin receptors leads to impaired cardiac dysfunction through excessive tyrosine nitration on the SERCA2 structure.
Subject(s)
Heart Diseases/genetics , Heart/physiopathology , Receptor, Bradykinin B1/genetics , Receptor, Bradykinin B2/genetics , Animals , Gene Deletion , Heart Diseases/physiopathology , Male , Mice , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Mice, Knockout , Myocardial Contraction , NADPH Oxidases/metabolism , Nitric Oxide/metabolism , Oxidation-Reduction , Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism , Receptor, Bradykinin B1/metabolism , Receptor, Bradykinin B2/metabolismABSTRACT
O enfermeiro tem conquistado um maior campo profissional, atuando em diversas áreas de trabalho, que contemplam a atenção básica até níveis diversos de complexidade e atendimento. O avanço profissional, nem sempre tem acompanhado as expectativas dos enfermeiros, trazendo insatisfações. Assim, esta pesquisa objetiva: conhecer a opinião dos enfermeiros lotados na Estratégia Saúde da Família - ESF do município de Cabeceira Grande sobre suas funções, conhecer o perfil dos enfermeiros; descrever as principais atividades realizadas; perceber como o profissional enfermeiro se sente dentro da integração da equipe; investigar a percepção dos enfermeiros acerca do seu papel diante as atribuições na Estratégia Saúde da Família - ESF; identificar dificuldades e potencialidades que se desenvolvem na execução do trabalho do enfermeiro. A amostra contou com 05 profissionais que responderam a um questionário sobre o assunto. Os resultados apontam que entre as atividades profissionais realizadas na rotina diária 80% (04) descreveu realizar rotineiramente atividades de atendimento clínico, educação em saúde, serviços administrativos e acolhimento. No que concerne a relação entre estas atividades e as atribuições reais da enfermagem, 40%(02) responderam que a enfermagem tinha ao longo dos anos se distanciando das suas atribuições profissionais. As razões apontadas foram: falta de protocolos de assistência para a enfermagem e diversidade de atribuições dos profissionais de enfermagem. Sobre a comunicação com a gestão 20% (01) descreveu ser ruim e, 80% (04) considerado bom e 20% (01) destacou ser variável, influenciado por vários fatores. Investigando as dificuldades obteve-se: Falha da participação popular nas ações realizadas pela equipe; ausência de protocolos assistenciais e treinamentos, multiplicidade de atribuições; desvalorização profissional e profissional médico não atuante nas atividades. Nas potencialidades observa-se: Trabalho em equipe e iniciativa; Participação popular nas ações e Persistência e vontade profissional. Observa-se que o enfermeiro mesmo possuindo importância mediante as ações executadas na rotina da atenção básica, sendo um integrante vital da equipe de saúde, vivencia muitas dificuldades, baseadas no excesso de atribuições e na ausência de protocolos que orientem e direcionem as atividades de maneira mais fidedigna ao conhecimento teórico e prático da enfermagem. Para o sucesso da enfermagem como profissão é necessário que as atividades sejam orientadas e sistematizadas, beneficiando tanto o sistema de saúde, organizando-o, como também satisfazer o profissional nas suas ações diárias.
