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1.
Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol ; 322(3): G346-G359, 2022 03 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34984921

ABSTRACT

Early-life adversity (ELA) is linked with the increased risk for inflammatory and metabolic diseases in later life, but the mechanisms remain poorly understood. Intestinal epithelial glucose transporters sodium-glucose-linked transporter 1 (SGLT1) and glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) are the major route for intestinal glucose uptake but have also received increased attention as modulators of inflammatory and metabolic diseases. Here, we tested the hypothesis that early weaning (EW) in pigs, an established model of ELA, alters the development of epithelial glucose transporters and coincides with elevated markers of metabolic inflammation. The jejunum and ileum of 90-day-old pigs previously exposed to EW (16 days wean age), exhibited reduced SGLT1 activity (by ∼ 30%, P < 0.05) than late weaned (LW, 28 days wean age) controls. In contrast, GLUT2-mediated glucose transport was increased (P = 0.003) in EW pigs than in LW pigs. Reciprocal changes in SGLT1- and GLUT2-mediated transport coincided with transporter protein expression in the intestinal brush-border membranes (BBMs) that were observed at 90 days and 150 days of age. Ileal SGLT1-mediated glucose transport and BBM expression were inhibited by the ß-adrenergic receptor (ßAR) blocker propranolol in EW and LW pigs. In contrast, propranolol enhanced ileal GLUT2-mediated glucose transport (P = 0.015) and brush-border membrane vesicle (BBMV) abundance (P = 0.035) in LW pigs, but not in EW pigs. Early-weaned pigs exhibited chronically elevated blood glucose and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, and adipocyte hypertrophy and upregulated adipogenesis-related gene expression in visceral adipose tissue. Altered development of intestinal glucose transporters by EW could underlie the increased risk for later life inflammatory and metabolic diseases.NEW & NOTEWORTHY These studies reveal that early-life adversity in the form of early weaning in pigs causes a developmental shift in intestinal glucose transport from SGLT1 toward GLUT2-mediated transport. Early weaning also induced markers of metabolic inflammation including persistent elevations in blood glucose and the inflammatory marker CRP, along with increased visceral adiposity. Altered intestinal glucose transport might contribute to increased risk for inflammatory and metabolic diseases associated with early-life adversity.


Subject(s)
Blood Glucose , Propranolol , Animals , Blood Glucose/metabolism , Female , Glucose/metabolism , Glucose Transport Proteins, Facilitative/metabolism , Inflammation/metabolism , Intestinal Mucosa/metabolism , Sodium-Glucose Transporter 1/genetics , Swine , Weaning
2.
Couns Psychother Res ; 22(2): 524-533, 2022 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34518759

ABSTRACT

Research is uncovering the repercussions of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental and emotional state of various populations around the world. It is of particular interest to this study to explore how the pandemic has affected psychologists conducting therapy with clients in distress during this time. A qualitative approach was used to analyse the narratives of eight Filipino psychologists who were living in community quarantine while conducting therapy from March to December 2020. The results revealed four chapters: (1) 'thrown up in the air', (2) struggling to find their footing, (3) gaining stability and (4) 'finding new rhythm'. It was found that these psychologists suffered the emotional distress from the pandemic that many are experiencing around the world. They needed to first regain stability in their well-being before being able to become effective helpers to their clients again. Moreover, they eventually found new purpose and growth in their practice. This study documented and discussed the journey of therapists in a shared traumatic reality, from first exposure to growth.

3.
Z Bild Forsch ; 12(2): 387-406, 2022.
Article in German | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37521435

ABSTRACT

The Covid 19 pandemic hit the Austrian school system in spring 2020, bringing a range of new challenges. The following phases of school closures and distance learning also promoted digitalisation processes in schools. In this context, technical equipment and digital competences of students gain importance, which bears the risk that a digital divide deepens already existing inequalities in education. This article therefore examines digitalisation in schools during the pandemic and takes a closer look at digital inequalities during distance learning. We use data from an interview study with teachers, school administrators, employees of psychosocial support systems at schools, as well as students. The findings of this study show that Covid-related school closures and distance learning go along with an expansion and a certain consolidation of teaching and learning by digital means. Yet, we see persisting problems which are linked with structural inequalities. There were no catch-up processes for socially disadvantaged students as a result of digitalisation. Rather, the factors that were already decisive for the profound inequalities in the Austrian education system before the pandemic, such as socioeconomic status, educational level of the parents, and cultural capital, continue to be of major importance for distance learning and the use of digital media in schools.

4.
BMJ Open ; 11(3): e041878, 2021 03 03.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33658259

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Among patients with cancer, depression is still under-detected. The use of technology-assisted screening tools is rising; however, little is known about the uptake of these devices as depression screening tools among patients with cancer. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: A systematic review will be conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P). The review is registered with PROSPERO and any adjustments to the protocol will be traced. The aims of this systematic review are to (1) identify the most common and feasible depression screening information technology (IT) delivery models among patients with cancer, (2) identify the most common depression screening instrument used in IT devices and (3) describe the published technology-assisted depression screening tools for patients with cancer. PubMed, EBSCOhost and Google Scholar databases will be used. PICO (Patient/Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes) guidelines will inform the inclusion criteria. Two researchers will independently review titles and abstracts, followed by full article review and data extraction. In the case of a disagreement, a third reviewer will make the final decision. Title/abstract screening will be conducted using a screening tool prepared by the researchers. Articles will be included for review if: (1) the study includes patients with cancer, cancer survivors and/or patients on remission, (2) depression is screened using technology and (3) technology-assisted depression screening effectiveness, efficacy, feasibility and/or acceptance is addressed. The quality of the articles will be assessed using the Methodological Index For Non-Randomised Studies (MINORS, maximum score 24) through independent coding of reviewers. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This research is exempt from ethics approval given that this is a protocol for a systematic review, which uses published data. Findings from this review will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and scientific conferences. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO registration number CRD42019121048.


Subject(s)
Depression , Neoplasms , Depression/diagnosis , Early Detection of Cancer , Humans , Mass Screening , Meta-Analysis as Topic , Neoplasms/complications , Research Design , Systematic Reviews as Topic , Technology
5.
J Neuroimmune Pharmacol ; 15(4): 863-874, 2020 12.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32215844

ABSTRACT

CD8+ T cells can contribute to neuroinflammation by secretion of inflammatory cytokines like interferon γ (IFNγ) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα). Astrocytes, a glial cell in the brain, can be stimulated by IFNγ and TNFα to secrete the inflammatory cytokines, monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and interferon-γ inducible protein 10 (IP-10). Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the primary psychoactive cannabinoid in Cannabis sativa, possesses potent anti-inflammatory activity. The objective of this investigation was to assess the effects of THC treatment on CD8+ T cell-mediated activation of astrocytes. CD3/CD28/IFNα- stimulated CD8+ T cells were treated with vehicle (0.03% EtOH) or THC and cocultured with U251 astrocytes. IP-10+, MCP-1+, and IL-6+ astrocytes were quantified by flow cytometry. LegendPlex™ was used to measure cytokine secretion by CD8+ T cells and flow cytometry was employed to quantify IFNγ, TNFα, and lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP-1) expression. Recombinant TNFα and IFNγ were used to stimulate MCP-1, IP-10, IL-6 responses in U251 astrocytes, which were measured by flow cytometry. Treatment with THC reduced CD8+ T cell-mediated induction of IP-10 and IL-6 responses in U251 astrocytes but had no effect on MCP-1. THC treatment differentially affected T cell effector functions such that IFNγ and degranulation responses were sensitive to THC-mediated ablation while TNFα was not. Lastly, THC treatment reduced the IFNγ-induced IP-10 response but had no effect on TNFα-induced MCP-1 response in U251 astrocytes. The results suggest that cannabinoid treatment can selectively reduce certain CD8+ T cell responses that contribute to stimulation of astrocytes. Graphical Abstract Treatment with THC can abate CD8+ T cell-dependent neuroinflammatory processes by inhibiting CD8+ cell differentiation into effector cells, suppressing CD8+ effector cell function, and reducing activation of astrocytes by CD8+ T cell-derived inflammatory cytokines.


Subject(s)
Astrocytes/drug effects , CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/drug effects , Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists/administration & dosage , Dronabinol/administration & dosage , Astrocytes/metabolism , CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism , Coculture Techniques , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Humans
6.
PLoS One ; 9(5): e97400, 2014.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24840875

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Although a number of previous research studies have focused on the long-term analysis of the health and health behaviour of the elderly, there is still a shortage of information in relation to the long-term trends regarding health or risk and preventive behaviour in the elderly population taking into account gender differences and differences in educational level. METHODS: The database comprised subsamples of the Austrian Micro-Census, including individuals aged 65 years and older, for the years 1983, 1991, 1999, and subsamples of the ATHIS (Austrian Health Interview Survey) 2007. A trend analysis was conducted for four health-related variables with the year of the survey and education as predictors. The analysis was stratified by sex. RESULTS: We found a general trend towards better self-rated health, better preventive and less risk behaviour among the elderly, while the body mass index has been increasing over the years. There are indeed gender differences regarding the trend in smoking behaviour. While the prevalence of male smoking has been steadily decreasing, female smoking prevalence has not changed. At all points in time, individuals with higher education had significantly better self-rated health than those with lower education but the association between education and preventive behaviour significantly decreased over the years. CONCLUSION: We agree with previous research in concluding that preventive action and health promotion should aim in particular to support older women and men with lower education.


Subject(s)
Health Behavior , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Austria , Female , Health Promotion , Humans , Male , Self Report , Socioeconomic Factors
7.
Diabetes Res Clin Pract ; 75(1): 35-41, 2007 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16806561

ABSTRACT

Diabetic patients are at high risk of cardiovascular disease and the risk is amplified in the presence of nephropathy, which may be partially attributed to modifications in lipoproteins. Moreover, lipoprotein profile may be affected by incipient nephropathy, glomerulopathy, and mild or severe renal failure. The aim of our study was to evaluate whether chronic renal failure (CRF) changes lipoprotein profile and apo A-I urinary excretion in diabetic subjects with glomerulopathy in comparison with non-diabetic subjects with glomerulopathy and CRF. Diabetic (n=25) and non-diabetic (n=10) patients with glomerulopathy and CRF showed significantly higher LDL-cholesterol, non-HDL-cholesterol and HDL-triglyceride levels than diabetic individuals without CRF (n=10). Arylesterase and paraoxonase activities did not show any difference between groups. Apo A-I could not be detected in urine samples from diabetic patients without CRF. All diabetic subjects with glomerulopathy and CRF who presented proteinuria above 6.5 g/24 h showed detectable urinary apo A-I (range=13.1-61.0 mg/24 h). Similarly, all non-diabetic patients with glomerulopathy and CRF who had proteinuria above 8.0 g/24 h also evidenced detectable apo A-I in urine (range=25.6-557.3 mg/24 h). Urinary apo A-I showed positive and significant correlations with urea (r=0.73, p<0.05) and proteinuria (r=0.97, p<0.0001), and a negative correlation with albumin plasma levels (r=-0.68, p<0.05). In conclusion, the presence of CRF in diabetic patients was associated with a more atherogenic lipoprotein profile.


Subject(s)
Atherosclerosis/epidemiology , Diabetic Nephropathies/complications , Kidney Failure, Chronic/complications , Adult , Aryldialkylphosphatase/genetics , Aryldialkylphosphatase/metabolism , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Phenotype , Risk Factors
10.
Dermatol. venez ; 41(2): 15-18, 2003. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-434087

ABSTRACT

La queratosis punctata palmar y plantar es un desorden cutáneo caracterizado por la presencia de múltiples lesiones hiperqueratósicas, papulares, pequeñas, amarillentas, duras localizadas en palmas y/o plantas. En el estudio histopatológico se observa hiperqueratosis compacta ortoqueratótica que comprime la epidermis produciendo una depresión de la misma en forma de copa o de V, con epidermis acantótica con hipergranulosis, dermis normal o con leve infiltrado linfohistiocitario superficial. Se han descrito asociados con enfermedad de Darier, ictiosis vulgar, atopia, epidermolisis ampollar simple y distrófica dominante, adenocarcinoma de colon y cambios ungueales. Se han planteado la herencia con patrón autosómico dominante o el trabajo manual fuerte como causa de la lesión. Entre los diagnósticos diferenciales se encuentran verruga plana, poroqueratosis palmoplantar, liquen plano palmoplantar, milium coloide, queratosis arsenicales y otras formas de queratodermias palmoplantares punctatas. Se presentan tres casos de pacientes con diagnóstico clínico e histopatológico de queratosis punctata palmar y plantar, del sexo femenino de con edades comprendidas entre 40 y 55 años, quien presentan entre 5 meses y 12 años de evolución. Dos de las pacientes presentan enfermedades asociadas, como son ictiosis vulgar y queratodermia difusa plantar. Se discuten los casos comparándolos con la bibliografía revisada


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Keratoderma, Palmoplantar , Dermatology , Venezuela
11.
La Paz; s.n; 2001. 93 p. tab, graf. (Bo).
Thesis in Spanish | LILACS, LIBOCS, LIBOSP | ID: lil-351699

ABSTRACT

El origen de la propuesta es resultante del ejercicio médico en unsector privado de libertad, establecimiento que encarcela no solo a los infractores de la ley, que al margen de las injusticias de las que son objeto, se hallan imposibilitados a contar con atención médica adecuada. Vulnerable psicológica y fisilógicamente en mayor medida que el resto de la poblacional. El comportamiento e identificación con su realidad ha generado cuestionamientos de dificil respuesta a las demandas de salud por desconocimiento de la problemática en sí y por imposibilidad de contar con recursos humanos para la aplicación de medidas de promoción y prevención. Todo el proceso de los fines e intereses que presenta la propuesta están regidos por un conjunto de procedimientos técnicos, de actividades organizadas y establecidas en el que hacer teórico de la asignatura de Salud Pública de la Carrera de Medicina, de la Facultad de Medicina de la UMSA. Programa a ser impartido en el sexto año, internado rotatorio, dentro del siclo académico práctico. Por otra parte, compatibiliza los contenidos con asignaturas adyacentes y componentes temáticos estipulados en al formación de pre grado. Pretende que a través de la enseñanza en el trabajo y la asimilación científica de sus componentes, pueda el estudiante ejercitar su criterio educativo y participativo, buscando el conocimiento necesario para la solución de problemas prioritarios y la aplicación de programas de prevención con alcaces significativos de manera que posibiliten modificar esta realidad, permitiendo al educando una visión integral del ser humano en la sociedad.


Subject(s)
Health Services Accessibility , Prisons , Bolivia
13.
Rev. Fac. Cienc. Méd. (Córdoba) ; 57(2): 199-217, 2000. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-302757

ABSTRACT

Los programas alimentarios se han constituido en la actualidad en un recurso fundamental para que personas y familias de condición socioeconómica baja logren cubrir sus necesidades alimentarias. Los adultos mayores jubilados, con alta vulnerabilidad socioeconómica, son los beneficiarios directos del Pro-Bienestar (1), programa social con componente alimentario implementado por el PAMI. Objetivo: Evaluar el Programa ProBienestar de Córdoba Capital, en 1999. Material y método: Estudio descriptivo y transversal. Grupos de estudio: ancianos de 60 años ó más(n=330) y unidades efectoras (n= 26). Técnicas: Observación por encuesta. Variables: Criterios de focalización, accesibilidad, calidad nutricional de la asistencia alimentaria, características socioeconómicas de los beneficiarios, participación del Licenciado en Nutrición, satisfacción de los beneficiarios evaluada con las dimensiones "conformidad con los requisitos de inclusión", "regularidad de la asistencia alimentaria", "adecuación a los patrones de consumo alimentario de los beneficiarios" y "calidad de los alimentos". Resultados: Los beneficiarios tienen entre 60 - 74 años con predominio de mujeres viudas/ separadas, que conviven con hijos y/o nietos. La mayoría son propietarios de las viviendas que habitan. Beneficiarios y representantes de unidades efectoras discreparon al momento de determinar los requisitos de inclusión al programa. La asistencia alimentaria es regular y accesible geográfica y administrativamente. Existen dificultades físicas por parte de los ancianos para retirar la ayuda. La calidad nutricional del complemento para una persona fue categorizada buena. En bolsones para dos personas la calidad desciende. Existe adecuación a los patrones de consumo alimentario de los ancianos. Conclusión: El grado de satisfacción de los beneficiarios categorizó alto (73 por ciento).


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Government Programs , Nutrition Programs , Program Evaluation , Argentina , Consumer Behavior , Consumer Product Safety , Cross-Sectional Studies , Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor , Health Services Accessibility , Interleukin-4 , Quality of Health Care , Socioeconomic Factors
14.
Rev. Fac. Cienc. Méd. [Córdoba] ; 57(2): 199-217, 2000. tab, gra
Article in Spanish | BINACIS | ID: bin-9084

ABSTRACT

Los programas alimentarios se han constituido en la actualidad en un recurso fundamental para que personas y familias de condición socioeconómica baja logren cubrir sus necesidades alimentarias. Los adultos mayores jubilados, con alta vulnerabilidad socioeconómica, son los beneficiarios directos del Pro-Bienestar (1), programa social con componente alimentario implementado por el PAMI. Objetivo: Evaluar el Programa ProBienestar de Córdoba Capital, en 1999. Material y método: Estudio descriptivo y transversal. Grupos de estudio: ancianos de 60 años ó más(n=330) y unidades efectoras (n= 26). Técnicas: Observación por encuesta. Variables: Criterios de focalización, accesibilidad, calidad nutricional de la asistencia alimentaria, características socioeconómicas de los beneficiarios, participación del Licenciado en Nutrición, satisfacción de los beneficiarios evaluada con las dimensiones "conformidad con los requisitos de inclusión", "regularidad de la asistencia alimentaria", "adecuación a los patrones de consumo alimentario de los beneficiarios" y "calidad de los alimentos". Resultados: Los beneficiarios tienen entre 60 - 74 años con predominio de mujeres viudas/ separadas, que conviven con hijos y/o nietos. La mayoría son propietarios de las viviendas que habitan. Beneficiarios y representantes de unidades efectoras discreparon al momento de determinar los requisitos de inclusión al programa. La asistencia alimentaria es regular y accesible geográfica y administrativamente. Existen dificultades físicas por parte de los ancianos para retirar la ayuda. La calidad nutricional del complemento para una persona fue categorizada buena. En bolsones para dos personas la calidad desciende. Existe adecuación a los patrones de consumo alimentario de los ancianos. Conclusión: El grado de satisfacción de los beneficiarios categorizó alto (73 por ciento). (Au)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Program Evaluation/methods , Government Programs , Nutrition Programs , Consumer Behavior , Socioeconomic Factors , Quality of Health Care , Health Services Accessibility , Consumer Product Safety , Cross-Sectional Studies , Argentina , Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor , Interleukin-4
16.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 59(1): 89-92, 1999. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-231919

ABSTRACT

El síndrome de deficiencia parcial de la enzima lecitina-colesterol aciltransferasa (LCAT) es una en tidad patológica de baja incidencia que afecta fundamentalmente el metabolismo de las lipoproteínas de alta densidad (HDL). Comunicamos el primer caso reportado en nuestro país. Se presentó en una mujer de 63 años de edad que tenía opacidad corneal bilateral y xantomas eruptivos en brazos y antebrazos. El estudio lipoproteico reveló hipertrigliceridemia severa t colesterolemia normal, aunque la proporción de colesterol esterificado se hallaba substancialmente disminuida. Es de notar que los niveles plasmáticos de colesterol-HDL y de sus apoproteínas mayoritarias, A-I y A-IIm fueron insualmente bajos. Se observó además intolerancia a la glucosa y alteraciones hematológicas relacionadas con una composición lipídica anormal de las membranas eritrocitarias. La actividad plasmática de la LCAT, evaluada por el método del sustrato exógeno, fue un 82 por ciento menor en la paciente que en un individuo control. Es de destacar que la paciente aquí descripta mostró antecedentes de episodios cardíacos e hipertensión arterial, lo cual difere de muchos de los casos de deficiencia parcial de la enzima (LCAT).


Subject(s)
Middle Aged , Female , Humans , Cholesterol, HDL/blood , Lecithin Cholesterol Acyltransferase Deficiency/blood , Fenofibrate/therapeutic use , Lecithin Cholesterol Acyltransferase Deficiency/complications , Lecithin Cholesterol Acyltransferase Deficiency/diagnosis , Lecithin Cholesterol Acyltransferase Deficiency/drug therapy , Syndrome
17.
Medicina [B.Aires] ; 59(1): 89-92, 1999. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | BINACIS | ID: bin-16350

ABSTRACT

El síndrome de deficiencia parcial de la enzima lecitina-colesterol aciltransferasa (LCAT) es una en tidad patológica de baja incidencia que afecta fundamentalmente el metabolismo de las lipoproteínas de alta densidad (HDL). Comunicamos el primer caso reportado en nuestro país. Se presentó en una mujer de 63 años de edad que tenía opacidad corneal bilateral y xantomas eruptivos en brazos y antebrazos. El estudio lipoproteico reveló hipertrigliceridemia severa t colesterolemia normal, aunque la proporción de colesterol esterificado se hallaba substancialmente disminuida. Es de notar que los niveles plasmáticos de colesterol-HDL y de sus apoproteínas mayoritarias, A-I y A-IIm fueron insualmente bajos. Se observó además intolerancia a la glucosa y alteraciones hematológicas relacionadas con una composición lipídica anormal de las membranas eritrocitarias. La actividad plasmática de la LCAT, evaluada por el método del sustrato exógeno, fue un 82 por ciento menor en la paciente que en un individuo control. Es de destacar que la paciente aquí descripta mostró antecedentes de episodios cardíacos e hipertensión arterial, lo cual difere de muchos de los casos de deficiencia parcial de la enzima (LCAT). (AU)


Subject(s)
Middle Aged , Female , Humans , Lecithin Cholesterol Acyltransferase Deficiency/blood , Cholesterol, HDL/blood , Syndrome , Fenofibrate/therapeutic use , Lecithin Cholesterol Acyltransferase Deficiency/complications , Lecithin Cholesterol Acyltransferase Deficiency/diagnosis , Lecithin Cholesterol Acyltransferase Deficiency/drug therapy
18.
Arch. domin. pediatr ; 31(4): 74-9, sept.-dic. 1995.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-170289

ABSTRACT

Los datos disponibles sobre el grado de infectividad de las personas positivas al virus de inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) con tuberculosis (TB) son controversiales. El presente estudio determina el grado de infectividad tuberculosa de los individuos positivos al VIH con TB activa entre sus convivientes. Los contactos convivientes de sujetos VIH positivos con TB y de sujetos VIH negativos con TB son tamizados para la infección tuberculosa y la enfermedad activa en sus residencias en una visita inicial y varias de seguimiento, mediante la prueba de tuberculina, exámen físico, historia clínica y procedimientos radiográficos. En la visita inicial, punto de corte del presente análisis, la reactividad al derivado protéico purificado (PPD) (Induración, mayor o igual que, 10mm) ha mostrado ser menor en los contactos de individuos positivos al VIH (41/84 [46.6//] que en aquellos de individuos negativos al VIH (118/195 [61.8//] (RR=0.72, IC 95//:0.57, 0.92). Entre los convivientes, menor o igual a, 15 años, la reactividad al PPD ha mostrado ser también menor en aquellos de sujetos VIH-positivos (21/46 [45.7//]) que en los de sujetos VIH negativos (40/70 [57.1//]) (RR=0.80, IC 95//:0.55, 1.16). Esta diferencia persiste luego de evaluar aquellos contactos, mayores o igual a 15 años que no mostraron anergia. Estos resultados tienden a sugerir un menor grado de transmisibilidad tuberculosa en pacientes con TB positivos al VIH que en aquellos negativos al VIH. Las visitas de seguimiento arrojarán una respuesta definitiva sobre dicha hipótesis


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , HIV , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology , Tuberculosis/etiology , Prospective Studies
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