Variation, during Shelf Life, of Functional Properties of Biscuits Enriched with Fibers Extracted from Artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.).

To boost revaluation of industrial by-products of artichoke, this research tries to determine the stability throughout storage of phenolic compounds and their antioxidant activity in biscuits enriched with fiber-rich powders extracted from b y-products of artichokes (FRPA). To determine the most stable extraction method, biscuits were formulated with FRPA extracted by two different environmentally friendly extraction solvents: water (W) and a solution of 1% CaCl2∙5H2O (CA) and compared with biscuits made with pea fiber (P) and control biscuits (B) without fiber added. Initially and during storage, the biscuits enriched with FRPA (W, CA) showed a higher content of bioavailable polyphenols and antioxidant activity compared to the control biscuits (B) and the reference fiber (P, pea fiber). In conclusion, FRPA are an excellent source of bioavailable fiber with antioxidant activity, but especially the FRPA extracted with 1% CaCl2∙5H2O (CA), and they could present a good alternative to the use of pea fiber.

COVID-19 and Access to Medical Professional Careers: Does Gender Matter?

OBJECTIVE: To know to what extent home confinement resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic has affected the results of the Medical Intern Resident Program (MIR) exam and whether or not a gender gap has occurred as a consequence. METHOD: Econometric modeling of the final result obtained in the MIR exam and identification of the explanatory factors that determine it and its relevance, effect and meaning. RESULTS: From the results obtained in the MIR test of the 2019, 2020 and 2021 calls, it can be seen that examinations and academic records together with demographic and calendar factors are determinants to explain the observed behavior of the final result. In relation to the gender factor, the existence of a differential fixed effect in favor of women is shown, although the interaction with the exam shows the opposite result. The nationality variable allows us to visualize a scenario of academic homogeneity. The effect of the calendar directly linked to the COVID-19 pandemic makes it possible to quantify the negative impact exerted on the final result. CONCLUSIONS: (1) The work reflects the impact of factors such as sex, nationality or the COVID-19 pandemic on access to specialized health training in Spain. (2) In contrast to previous studies, we found a significant difference in behavior between men and women, favorably linked to the female sex. However, the so-called sprint effect associated with the male sex was detected. (3) The negative effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the final score are visualized. The existing differential with respect to the control category is quantified and the dominance of the hierarchical position of the temporal component within the set of explanatory factors is visualized.

Estado actual del traumatismo craneoencefálico en niños en el estado de Querétaro.

No disponible.

The COVID-19 Pandemic in Care Homes: An Exploration of Its Impact across Regions in Spain.

This article provides an updated picture of the enormous consequences that the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic (March-June 2020) had for older adults living in Spanish care homes. It aims to describe the regional variation in deaths among home care residents through a methodological triangulation of descriptive quantitative, ecological and documentary analysis. Figures of five different indicators of care home mortality are provided and some factors related to higher mortality rates are presented and analysed in the descriptive ecological analysis in order to depict trends and, in a linear regression, to determine their statistical significance. The clearest trend reflected by the data is that the higher the cumulative incidence and the number of care home beds in the surrounding area, the higher the COVID-19 care home mortality. We argue that the pandemic has brought to light the historical fragility and underdevelopment of the Spanish LTC sector, and that these factors have exacerbated the consequences of the pandemic. Finally, we conclude that publicly available and disaggregated data would allow a deeper and more accurate analysis of potentially explanatory factors such as the type of care home ownership and management, and that further qualitative research would shed more light on people's experiences.

Highly flexible and accurate serial picoinjection in droplets by combined pressure and flow rate control.

Picoinjection is a robust method for reagent addition into microfluidic droplets and has enabled the implementation of numerous multistep droplet assays. Although serial picoinjectors allow to screen many conditions in one run by injecting different combinations of reagents, their use is limited because it is complex to accurately control each injector independently. Here, we present a novel method for flexible, individual picoinjector control that allows to inject a predefined range of volumes by controlling the flow rate of the injector as well as turning off injection by setting the equilibrium pressure, which resulted in a stable interface of the injector liquid with the main microfluidic channel. Robust setting of the equilibrium pressure of an injector was achieved by applying accurate (R2 > 0.94) linear models between the injector and oil pressure in real-time. To illustrate the flexibility of this method, we performed several proof-of-concepts using 1, 2 or 3 picoinjectors loaded with fluorescent dyes. We successfully demonstrated picoinjection approaches using time-invariant settings, in which an injector setting was applied for prolonged times, and time-variant picoinjection, in which the injector settings were continuously varied in order to sweep the injected volumes, both resulting in monodisperse (CV < 3.4%) droplet libraries with different but reproducible fluorescent intensities. To illustrate the potential of the technology for fast compound concentration screenings, we studied the effect of a concentration range of a detergent on single-cell lysis. We anticipate that this robust and versatile methodology will make the serial picoinjection technology more accessible to researchers, allowing its wide implementation in numerous life science applications.

New-onset non-lesional aphasic status epilepticus. Clinical description, diagnostic clues, and treatment algorithm.

OBJECTIVES: De novo aphasic status epilepticus (ASE) in patients without a previous history of epilepsy and without cerebral lesions (aphasic NOSE) is rare. The aim of the study is to describe its clinical characteristics, etiologies, and outcome. MATERIALS & METHODS: Single-center study including consecutive patients presenting to the emergency department between 2011 and 2019 with acute aphasia, which was finally diagnosed as aphasic NOSE. Subsequent episodes of aphasia (>5 min) were recorded and divided into confirmed ASE and postictal aphasic episodes (non-ASE). Clinical characteristics of the two types of episodes were compared. RESULTS: Nineteen patients were included, suffering fifty episodes of epileptic aphasia, episodes per patient 2.6 (range 1-7). Fifteen patients (71.4%) were women, mean age at ASE onset was 66.05 years old (SD 6.3). Nine (47%) patients died, 6 of them (66.7%) during the aphasic episode. Ictal EEG was available in 37 episodes, confirming the diagnosis of ASE in 12 episodes; in 8 episodes, the EEG fulfilled the criteria of possible ASE. The most frequent etiologies were inflammatory and vascular. Comparing ASE with non-ASE episodes, ASE was longer than non-ASE (225 vs 65 h, p .024) and was treated more frequently with BZD (76 vs 24%, p .001) but with a longer delay (22.2 vs 1.5 h, p .06). CONCLUSIONS: ASE is a treatable, highly relapsing emergency, with the subsequent relapses ASE or postictal aphasia. EEG is diagnostic in half of the patients, while in others imaging techniques are also useful. Benzodiazepines should be administered. Persistent aphasia, of more than 65 hours' duration, is highly suggestive of ASE.

Risk of Developing Epilepsy after Autoimmune Encephalitis.

BACKGROUND: Acute symptomatic seizures (ASS) are a common manifestation of autoimmune encephalitis (AE), but the risk of developing epilepsy as a sequela of AE remains unknown, and factors predisposing the development of epilepsy have not been fully identified. OBJECTIVE: To assess the risk of developing epilepsy in AE and study related risk factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a retrospective single centre study including patients diagnosed with AE according to criteria described by Graus et al., with a minimum follow-up of 12 months after AE resolution. The sample was divided according to whether patients developed epilepsy or not. RESULTS: A total of 19 patients were included; 3 (15.8%) had AE with intracellular antibodies, 9 (47.4%) with extracellular antibodies, and 7 (36.8%) were seronegative. During follow-up, 3 patients (15.8%) died, 4 (21.1%) presented relapses of AE, and 11 (57.89%) developed epilepsy. There was a significant association between the development of epilepsy and the presence of hippocampal atrophy in control brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (p = 0.037), interictal epileptiform discharges (IED) on control electroencephalogram (EEG) (p = 0.045), and immunotherapy delay (p = 0.016). CONCLUSIONS: Hippocampal atrophy in neuroimaging, IED on EEG during follow-up, and immunotherapy delay could be predictors of the development of epilepsy in patients with AE.

Disasters, Gender, and HIV Infection: The Impact of the 2010 Haiti Earthquake.

Although disasters threaten all people who experience them, they do not affect all members of society in the same way. Its effects are not solely restricted to the economic sphere; they also affect the physical and mental health of those who suffer from them, having a particular impact on women and limiting their life chances. The aim of this study was to examine the impact the 2010 Haiti earthquake had on the seropositivity of female survivors. METHOD: Using data from the Demographic and Health Survey, this study examines the impact of the 2010 Haiti earthquake on gender relations associated with the probability of being HIV positive through the differences-in-differences strategy. RESULTS: A differential of four percentage points is observed in the probability of HIV seropositivity between men and women, favoring men. Additionally, it is observed that the probability of seropositivity intensifies when the cohabitation household is headed by a woman. CONCLUSION: Disasters are not indifferent to the gender of the people affected. In the second decade of the 21st century, the conclusions obtained show, once again, the need for incorporating the gender perspective into the management of natural hazards in the field of health. This is the case of the differential exposure to HIV after the earthquake in Haiti.

Prevalencia de hipertrigliceridemia en adultos y factores cardiometabólicos asociados. Estudio SIMETAP-HTG / Prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia in adults and related cardiometabolic factors. SIMETAP-HTG study

OBJETIVO: Determinar en la población adulta las tasas de prevalencia brutas y ajustadas por edad y sexo de hipertrigliceridemia (HTG) y valorar su asociación con factores de riesgo cardiovascular, enfermedad renal crónica y enfermedades cardiovasculares y cardiometabólicas. MÉTODOS: Estudio observacional transversal realizado en Atención Primaria, con 6.588 sujetos de estudio adultos, seleccionados aleatoriamente con base poblacional. Los pacientes tenían HTG si la concentración de triglicéridos era≥150mg/dL (≥1,7mmol/L) o estaban en tratamiento hipolipidemiante para reducir los triglicéridos. Se valoraron las asociaciones mediante análisis univariado y multivariante, y se determinaron las prevalencias brutas y ajustadas por edad y sexo. RESULTADOS: Las medias aritméticas y geométricas de las concentraciones de triglicéridos fueron respectivamente 120,5 y 104,2mg/dL en la población global, 135,7 y 116,0mg/dL en hombres, y 108,6 y 95,7mg/dL en mujeres. Las prevalencias brutas de HTG fueron 29,6% en población global, 36,9% en hombres y 23,8% en mujeres. Las prevalencias ajustadas por edad y sexo de HTG fueron 27,0% en población global, 34,6% en hombres y 21,4% en mujeres. Las variables independientes que más se asociaban con la HTG fueron hipercolesterolemia (OR: 4,6), c-HDL bajo (OR: 4,1), esteatosis hepática (OR: 2,8), diabetes (OR: 2,0) y obesidad (OR: 1,9). CONCLUSIONES: Las medias de triglicéridos y las prevalencias de HTG se encuentran intermedias entre las de otros estudios nacionales e internacionales. La quinta parte de la población adulta femenina y más de un tercio de la masculina presentaba HTG. Los factores independientes asociados con HTG fueron hipercolesterolemia y c-HDL bajo, y las variables cardiometabólicas diabetes, esteatosis hepática y obesidad

AIM: To determine in the adult population the crude and the sex- and age-adjusted prevalence rates of hypertriglyceridaemia (HTG) and to assess its association with cardiovascular risk factors, chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular and cardiometabolic diseases. METHODS: Cross-sectional observational study conducted in Primary Care, with 6,588 adult study subjects, randomly selected on base-population. Patients had HTG if the triglyceride level was≥150mg/dL (≥1.7mmol/L), or were on lipid-lowering therapy to lower triglyceride. Associations were assessed by univariate and multivariate analysis, and crude and sex- and age-adjusted prevalence rates were determined. RESULTS: The arithmetic and geometric means of triglyceride levels were respectively 120.5 and 104.2mg/dL in global population, 135.7 and 116.0mg/dL in men, and 108.6 and 95.7mg/dL in women. The crude HTG prevalence rates were 29.6% in global population, 36.9% in men and 23.8% in women. The sex- and age-adjusted HTG prevalence rates were 27.0% in global population, 34.6% in men and 21.4% in women. The independent variables that were most associated with HTG were hypercholesterolemia (OR: 4.6), low HDL-C (OR: 4.1), hepatic steatosis (OR: 2.8), diabetes (OR: 2.0), and obesity (OR: 1.9). CONCLUSIONS: The means of triglyceride levels and HTG prevalence rates are intermediate between those of other national and international studies. A fifth of the female adult population and more than a third of the male population had HTG. The independent factors associated with HTG were hypercholesterolemia and low HDL-C, and the cardiometabolic variables diabetes, hepatic steatosis and obesity

Prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia in adults and related cardiometabolic factors. SIMETAP-HTG study. / Prevalencia de hipertrigliceridemia en adultos y factores cardiometabólicos asociados. Estudio SIMETAP-HTG.

AIM: To determine in the adult population the crude and the sex- and age-adjusted prevalence rates of hypertriglyceridaemia (HTG) and to assess its association with cardiovascular risk factors, chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular and cardiometabolic diseases. METHODS: Cross-sectional observational study conducted in Primary Care, with 6,588 adult study subjects, randomly selected on base-population. Patients had HTG if the triglyceride level was≥150mg/dL (≥1.7mmol/L), or were on lipid-lowering therapy to lower triglyceride. Associations were assessed by univariate and multivariate analysis, and crude and sex- and age-adjusted prevalence rates were determined. RESULTS: The arithmetic and geometric means of triglyceride levels were respectively 120.5 and 104.2mg/dL in global population, 135.7 and 116.0mg/dL in men, and 108.6 and 95.7mg/dL in women. The crude HTG prevalence rates were 29.6% in global population, 36.9% in men and 23.8% in women. The sex- and age-adjusted HTG prevalence rates were 27.0% in global population, 34.6% in men and 21.4% in women. The independent variables that were most associated with HTG were hypercholesterolemia (OR: 4.6), low HDL-C (OR: 4.1), hepatic steatosis (OR: 2.8), diabetes (OR: 2.0), and obesity (OR: 1.9). CONCLUSIONS: The means of triglyceride levels and HTG prevalence rates are intermediate between those of other national and international studies. A fifth of the female adult population and more than a third of the male population had HTG. The independent factors associated with HTG were hypercholesterolemia and low HDL-C, and the cardiometabolic variables diabetes, hepatic steatosis and obesity.

Towards standardisation of contact and contactless electrical measurements of CVD graphene at the macro-, micro- and nano-scale.

Graphene has become the focus of extensive research efforts and it can now be produced in wafer-scale. For the development of next generation graphene-based electronic components, electrical characterization of graphene is imperative and requires the measurement of work function, sheet resistance, carrier concentration and mobility in both macro-, micro- and nano-scale. Moreover, commercial applications of graphene require fast and large-area mapping of electrical properties, rather than obtaining a single point value, which should be ideally achieved by a contactless measurement technique. We demonstrate a comprehensive methodology for measurements of the electrical properties of graphene that ranges from nano- to macro- scales, while balancing the acquisition time and maintaining the robust quality control and reproducibility between contact and contactless methods. The electrical characterisation is achieved by using a combination of techniques, including magneto-transport in the van der Pauw geometry, THz time-domain spectroscopy mapping and calibrated Kelvin probe force microscopy. The results exhibit excellent agreement between the different techniques. Moreover, we highlight the need for standardized electrical measurements in highly controlled environmental conditions and the application of appropriate weighting functions.

Advanced Graphene-Based Transparent Conductive Electrodes for Photovoltaic Applications.

New architectures of transparent conductive electrodes (TCEs) incorporating graphene monolayers in different configurations have been explored with the aim to improve the performance of silicon-heterojunction (SHJ) cell front transparent contacts. In SHJ technology, front electrodes play an important additional role as anti-reflectance (AR) coatings. In this work, different transparent-conductive-oxide (TCO) thin films have been combined with graphene monolayers in different configurations, yielding advanced transparent electrodes specifically designed to minimize surface reflection over a wide range of wavelengths and angles of incidence and to improve electrical performance. A preliminary analysis reveals a strong dependence of the optoelectronic properties of the TCEs on (i) the order in which the different thin films are deposited or the graphene is transferred and (ii) the specific TCO material used. The results shows a clear electrical improvement when three graphene monolayers are placed on top on 80-nm-thick ITO thin film. This optimum TCE presents sheet resistances as low as 55 Ω/sq and an average conductance as high as 13.12 mS. In addition, the spectral reflectance of this TCE also shows an important reduction in its weighted reflectance value of 2-3%. Hence, the work undergone so far clearly suggests the possibility to noticeably improve transparent electrodes with this approach and therefore to further enhance silicon-heterojunction cell performance. These results achieved so far clearly open the possibility to noticeably improve TCEs and therefore to further enhance SHJ contact-technology performance.

Analysis of ethylene-induced gene regulation during carposporogenesis in the red seaweed Grateloupia imbricata (Rhodophyta).

Ethylene favors carposporogenesis in the red seaweed Grateloupia imbricata. Analyses of cystocarp development in vitro in thalli treated with ethylene suggest an interconnection between polyamine and ethylene biosynthesis pathways. Yet, little is known about molecular mechanisms underlying carposporogenesis. Here, we used droplet digital PCR to analyze genes encoding enzymes related to polyamine (Spermidine [Spd] synthase) and ethylene (ACC synthase) synthesis; a pivotal compound of both pathways (S-adenosyl methionine synthase, SAMS); the gene that encodes amine oxidase, which is involved in polyamine degradation, and a candidate gene involved in seaweed reproduction (ornithine decarboxylase, ODC). In addition, we analyzed genes encoding proteins related to stress and reactive oxygen species, ascorbate peroxidase (APX), cytochrome P450 and WD 40. We characterized gene expression in fertilized and fertile thalli from G. imbricata that were exposed to ethylene for 15 min at two time points after treatment (1 and 7 d). The differential gene expression of SAMS, Spd synthase, ACC synthase, and cytochrome P450 was related to disclosure and development of cystocarps in fertilized thalli that transitioned from having no visible cystocarps at 1 d to developing cystocarps at 7 d. Likewise, cytochrome P450 was associated with cystocarp disclosure and maturation. In addition, amine oxidase and APX were involved in fine-tuning polyamine and reactive oxygen species during carposporogenesis, respectively, whereas WD 40 did so in relation to ethylene signaling. Expression of the candidate gene ODC was increased when cystocarps were not visible (fertilized thalli, 1d), as previously described. This analysis suggests developmental stage-specific roles for these genes during carposporogenesis.

Sensory evaluation of biscuits enriched with artichoke fiber-rich powders (Cynara scolymus L.).

The artichoke by-products from the canning industry are mainly used for silage, being minimally revaluated. The ways of extraction of by-products of artichoke into fiber-rich powders modify their industrial applications in biscuits, as the sensory evaluation may change compared with the reference fiber (Pea fiber, P) used with commercial biscuit. In this sensory study biscuits enriched with fiber-rich powders of artichoke (W, Ca) are compared with biscuits with the same percentage of the reference fiber (P) and control biscuits without fiber (B). For most of the sensory attributes of the biscuits enriched with artichoke fiber-rich powders were perceived similar to the biscuits with the commercial reference fiber (P). The good sensory behavior of the biscuits with artichoke fiber-rich powders during two storage conditions applied may confirm that the artichoke by-products would be a suitable substitute for pea fiber in oven-baked products, like wholemeal biscuits with high-fiber content.

Molecular mechanisms underlying Grateloupia imbricata (Rhodophyta) carposporogenesis induced by methyl jasmonate.

When applied in vitro, methyl jasmonate is sensed by the red seaweed Grateloupia imbricate, substantially and visually affecting its carposporogenesis. However, although there is some understanding of the morphological changes induced by methyl jasmonate in vitro, little is known about the genes that are involved in red seaweed carposporogenesis and how their protein products act. For the work reported herein, the expression of genes in red seaweed that encode enzymes involved in the synthesis of methyl jasmonate (jasmonic acid carboxyl methyl transferase and a putative methyl transferase) was monitored. Additionally the genes involved in oxidation (cytochrome P450 and WD40), jasmonate synthesis, signal transduction, and regulation of reactive oxygen species (MYB), and reproduction (ornithine decarboxylase) were monitored. To determine when or if the aforementioned genes were expressed during cystocarp development, fertilized and fertile thalli were exposed to methyl jasmonate and gene expression was measured after 24 and 48 h. The results showed that methyl jasmonate promoted differential gene expression in fertilized thalli by 24 h and upregulated expression of the ornithine decarboxylase gene only by 48 h in fertile thalli (0.75 ± 003 copies · µL-1 at 24 h vs. 1.11 ± 0.04 copies · µL-1 at 48 h). We conclude that Ornithine decarboxylase expression involves methyl jasmonate signaling as well as development and maturation of cystocarps.

Contextual determinants of induced abortion: a panel analysis.

OBJECTIVE: Analyze the contextual and individual characteristics that explain the differences in the induced abortion rate, temporally and territorially. METHODS: We conducted an econometric analysis with panel data of the influence of public investment in health and per capita income on induced abortion as well as a measurement of the effect of social and economic factors related to the labor market and reproduction: female employment, immigration, adolescent fertility and marriage rate. The empirical exercise was conducted with a sample of 22 countries in Europe for the 2001-2009 period. RESULTS: The great territorial variability of induced abortion was the result of contextual and individual socioeconomic factors. Higher levels of national income and investments in public health reduce its incidence. The following sociodemographic characteristics were also significant regressors of induced abortion: female employment, civil status, migration, and adolescent fertility. CONCLUSIONS: Induced abortion responds to sociodemographic patterns, in which the characteristics of each country are essential. The individual and contextual socioeconomic inequalities impact significantly on its incidence. Further research on the relationship between economic growth, labor market, institutions and social norms is required to better understand its transnational variability and to reduce its incidence.

In silico characterization of DNA motifs associated with the differential expression of the ornithine decarboxylase gene during in vitro cystocarp development in the red seaweed Grateloupia imbricata.

To gain a better understanding of the regulatory mechanism(s) modulating expression of the ornithine decarboxylase gene ODC during cystocarp development in the red seaweed Grateloupia imbricata, DNA motifs found in the 5'-upstream region of the gene were identified by in silico analysis. In addition, when infertile G. imbricata thalli were treated with ethylene, methyl jasmonate, or light as an elicitor of cystocarp development, different ODC expression patterns were observed. ODC expression correlated with (i) the elicitation (treatment) period and the period post-treatment just prior to observation of the first visible developing cystocarps (disclosure period), and (ii) the type of elicitor. Ethylene and light activated ODC expression during the elicitation period, and methyl jasmonate activated its expression during the disclosure period, suggesting that initiation and cystocarp development may involve more than one signaling pathway. In addition, expression of ODC was 450-fold greater when thalli were stimulated by ethylene compared with untreated control thalli, suggesting that G. imbricata mounts an efficient response to sense and activate ethylene-responsive signaling pathways. The patterns of differential ODC expression induced by the different elicitors during cystocarp development might provide an useful tool for characterizing the precise transcriptional regulation of ODC in G. imbricata.

Contextual determinants of induced abortion: a panel analysis / Determinantes contextuales del aborto inducido: un análisis panel

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE Analyze the contextual and individual characteristics that explain the differences in the induced abortion rate, temporally and territorially. METHODS We conducted an econometric analysis with panel data of the influence of public investment in health and per capita income on induced abortion as well as a measurement of the effect of social and economic factors related to the labor market and reproduction: female employment, immigration, adolescent fertility and marriage rate. The empirical exercise was conducted with a sample of 22 countries in Europe for the 2001-2009 period. RESULTS The great territorial variability of induced abortion was the result of contextual and individual socioeconomic factors. Higher levels of national income and investments in public health reduce its incidence. The following sociodemographic characteristics were also significant regressors of induced abortion: female employment, civil status, migration, and adolescent fertility. CONCLUSIONS Induced abortion responds to sociodemographic patterns, in which the characteristics of each country are essential. The individual and contextual socioeconomic inequalities impact significantly on its incidence. Further research on the relationship between economic growth, labor market, institutions and social norms is required to better understand its transnational variability and to reduce its incidence.

RESUMEN OBJETIVO Analizar las características contextuales e individuales que explican las diferencias en la tasa de aborto inducido, temporal y territorialmente. MÉTODOS Se realizó un análisis econométrico, con datos panel, de la influencia de la inversión pública en salud y renta per cápita sobre el aborto inducido, además de una medición del efecto de factores sociales y económicos relacionados con el mercado laboral y con la reproducción: empleo femenino, inmigración, fecundidad adolescente y nupcialidad. El ejercicio empírico se realizó con una muestra de 22 países de Europa, para el periodo 2001-2009. RESULTADOS La gran variabilidad territorial del aborto inducido fue consecuencia de factores socioeconómicos contextuales e individuales. Mayores niveles de renta nacional y de inversiones en salud pública, reducen su incidencia. Las siguientes características sociodemográficas también fueron regresores significativos del aborto inducido: empleo femenino, estado civil, migración y fecundidad adolescente. CONCLUSIONES El aborto inducido responde a patrones sociodemográficos, en los que las peculiaridades de cada país son fundamentales. Las desigualdades socioeconómicas, a nivel individual y contextual, afectan de forma significativa su incidencia. Es necesaria más investigación acerca de relaciones entre crecimiento económico, mercado laboral, instituciones y normas sociales, para comprender mejor su variabilidad transnacional, y para poder reducir su incidencia.