Subject(s)
Botulism/diagnosis , Clostridium botulinum type B/isolation & purification , Food Contamination , Food Microbiology , Vegetables/microbiology , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Animals , Biological Assay , Botulism/complications , Botulism/microbiology , Botulism/therapy , Combined Modality Therapy , Cranial Nerve Diseases/etiology , Diagnosis, Differential , Diplopia/etiology , Fatal Outcome , Feces/microbiology , Female , Food Preservation/methods , Humans , Male , Mice , Primary Dysautonomias/etiology , Respiratory Insufficiency/etiology , Respiratory Insufficiency/therapyABSTRACT
Parkinson disease (PD) is characterized by a wide variety of motor and nonmotor symptoms. Although recently nonmotor symptoms have gained considerable relevance and interest, especially in advanced stages, motor symptoms define the main core of PD and are essential for clinical diagnosis. In this article, we review the characteristics, presentation, and evolution of motor symptoms in early PD.
Subject(s)
Hypokinesia/physiopathology , Parkinson Disease/physiopathology , Dystonia/etiology , Dystonia/physiopathology , Humans , Hypokinesia/etiology , Parkinson Disease/complications , Parkinson Disease/diagnosis , Tremor/etiology , Tremor/physiopathologyABSTRACT
Internal carotid artery agenesia is a rare anomaly of the embryonic development. We present a case with this anomaly and a vascular feeding of this territory out of the contralateral carotid system and the posterior vascular system. There were multiple aneurysms in the right posterior communicating artery, never described before in association with carotid agenesia, that are similar to the angiographic image of the fibromuscular dysplasia ("atypical" pattern). We review and discuss the embryonic development of this anomaly and its relationship with the hemodynamic stress and aneurysm formation.
