Survival Analysis of Geriatric Patients with Low Digestive Hemorrhage Attending an Emergency Department.

BACKGROUND: The increase in life expectancy and low mortality have doubled the number of individuals older than 65 in the last 30 years. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study of 101 patients older than 80 years of age treated by low digestive hemorrhage (LDH) in an emergency department during 2018. Sociodemographic variables were evaluated, as well as comorbidity and survival at 18 months. Survival was assessed by a Kaplan-Meier test. RESULTS: 52.5% of the subjects were women. The average comorbidity of the sample was 1.97. The survival rate per year was 60%. The finding on colonoscopy shows no association with mortality. However, those patients on anticoagulant/antiplatelet therapy have a higher survival rate. CONCLUSION: Survival per year is high, so urgent colonoscopy for an LDH should be performed after evaluating the patient's stability and functional status in a scheduled and outpatient manner.

Escalas de evaluación de las estrategias motivacionales de los estudiantes / Scales assessing students´ motivational strategies

Este artículo informa sobre el estudio del E.E.M.A. como instrumento para la evaluación de la utilización de diferentes tipos de estrategias motivacionales del aprendizaje. Está constituido por tres tipos de componentes de estrategias: expectativas, valor y afecto. El componente de expectativas incluye las escalas de autoconcepto/ autoestima y expectativas/ atribuciones, las cuales contienen, a su vez, las estrategias de selfhandicapping, auto-afirmación, pesimismo defensivo, ensalzamiento de los otros y anulación de los otros, y las estrategias de generación de atribuciones externas y generación de expectativas positivas, respectivamente. El componente de valor incluye las escalas de interés/valor y de generación de metas, las cuales contienen las estrategias de exaltación del valor de consecución, valoración del coste, implicación en la tarea a través de la gestión de recursos e implicación en la tarea a través de su gestión, y las estrategias de generación de meta de aprendizaje, generación de meta de autoensalzamiento del ego, generación de meta de autoderrota del ego y generación de meta de evitación. Finalmente, el componente de afecto incluye una única escala que contiene las estrategias de valoración social, autorrefuerzo, engaño, comparación y control de la ansiedad. Los resultados de fiabilidad y validez son aceptables y las diferentes estrategias motivacionales son caracterizadas como adaptativas o desadaptativas

This paper reports the study of the E.E.M.A. as an instrument to assess the use of different types of learning motivational strategies. There are three types of strategie components: expectancy, value and affect. Expectancy component includes self-concept/self-esteem and expectancies/ attributions scales, which include self-handicapping, selfaffirmation, defensive pessimism, enhacement of the others and elimination of the others strategies, and external attributions generation and positive expectations generation strategies, respectively. Value component includes interest/value and goal generation scales, which include enhacement of the attainment value, cost value, task involvement through resources management, task involvement through its management and learning goal generation, self-enhancing ego goal generation, selfdefeating ego goal generation and avoidance goal generation strategies. Finally, affect component includes an unique scale, which includes social valuation, self-reinforcement, sham, comparison and anxiety control strategies. Reliability and validity results are acceptable, and motivational strategies are characterized as adaptive or maladaptive