ABSTRACT
Plant hyperaccumulation of the essential nutrient manganese (Mn) is a rare phenomenon most evident in the Western Pacific region, and differs from hyperaccumulation of other elements. Mn hyperaccumulators employ a variety of species-dependent spatial distribution patterns in sequestering excess foliar Mn, including primary sequestration in both nonphotosynthetic and photosynthetic tissues. This investigation employed synchrotron X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) in a comparative study of Mn (hyper)accumulators, to elucidate in situ the chemical form(s) of foliar Mn in seven woody species from Australia, New Caledonia and Japan. Foliar Mn was found to predominate as Mn(II) in all samples, with strong evidence of the role of carboxylic acids, such as malate or citrate, as complexing ligands. Overall, the X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES) and extended X-ray absorption fine-structure spectroscopy (EXAFS) data appeared weighted against previous observations that oxalate binds excess Mn in Mn-(hyper)accumulating species.
Subject(s)
Manganese/metabolism , Plant Leaves/metabolism , Plants/metabolism , X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy , Linear Models , Principal Component Analysis , Reference Standards , Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform InfraredABSTRACT
The present study was designed to optimize diagnostics of acute cervical lymphadenitis and adenophlegmona in patients with diabetes. A total of 146 patients with suppurative diseases of the head and the neck were available for examination of whom 63 presented with complicated clinical condition. It was shown that evaluation of the interleukin status (IL-8, IL-10), early diagnosis of systemic inflammatory reaction and compensatory anti-inflammatory response as well as the use of the ultrasound visualization technique make it possible to objectively assess the patient's condition and predict the outcome of the disease taking into consideration effects of hyperglycemia in diabetic patients.
Subject(s)
Cellulitis/diagnosis , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/complications , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications , Interleukin-10/blood , Interleukin-8/blood , Lymphadenitis/diagnosis , Acute Disease , Adult , Aged , Biomarkers/blood , Cellulitis/blood , Cellulitis/etiology , Diagnosis, Differential , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Lymphadenitis/blood , Lymphadenitis/etiology , Middle Aged , Neck , Retrospective Studies , Young AdultABSTRACT
Hyperaccumulation by plants is a rare phenomenon that has potential practical benefits. The majority of manganese (Mn) hyperaccumulators discovered to date occur in New Caledonia, and little is known about their ecophysiology. This study reports on natural populations of one such species, the endemic shrub Maytenus founieri. Mean foliar Mn concentrations of two populations growing on ultramafic substrates with varying soil pHs were obtained. Leaf anatomies were examined by light microscopy, while the spatial distributions of foliar Mn in both populations were examined by qualitative scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS). Plants growing on two different substrates were found to have very different mean dry weight (DW) foliar Mn concentrations. Light microscopy showed that the leaves had very distinct thick dermal structures, consisting of multiple layers of large cells in the hypodermis. In vivo X-ray microprobe analyses revealed that, in both populations, Mn sequestration occurred primarily in these dermal tissues. The finding here that foliar Mn is most highly localized in the nonphotosynthetic tissues of M. founieri contrasts with results from similar studies on other woody species that accumulate high Mn concentrations in their shoots.
Subject(s)
Celastraceae/metabolism , Ecosystem , Electron Probe Microanalysis , Manganese/metabolism , Plant Leaves/metabolism , Calcium/chemistry , Calcium/metabolism , Celastraceae/chemistry , Demography , Manganese/analysis , New Caledonia , Plant Leaves/chemistryABSTRACT
Little is known about the spatial distribution of excess manganese (Mn) in the leaves of tolerant plants. Recently, the first such study of a Mn hyperaccumulator showed that the highest localized Mn concentrations occur in the photosynthetic tissue. This is in contrast to reports based on localization of foliar accumulation of other heavy metals. Here, four tree species, Gossia bidwillii, Virotia neurophylla, Macadamia integrifolia and Macadamia tetraphylla, which hyperaccumulate or strongly accumulate Mn, were studied. Cross-sectional foliar Mn localization was carried out in situ using proton-induced X-ray emission/energy dispersive X-ray analysis (PIXE/EDAX). All four species contained photosynthetic tissues with multiple palisade layers. These were shown to be the primary sequestration sites for Mn. Mn was not detected in the epidermal tissues. The findings of this study demonstrate a concurrence of three traits in four tree species, that is, accumulation of excess Mn in the leaves, its primary sequestration in the photosynthetic tissues, and multiple-layer palisade mesophyll.
Subject(s)
Electron Probe Microanalysis/methods , Manganese/metabolism , Plant Leaves/metabolism , Trees/metabolism , Plant Leaves/cytologyABSTRACT
Se analizó el efecto del droperidol-fentanil (DF) proporción 50: 1) administrado como premedicación inmediata en cinco pacientes con lesiones expansivas intracraneales, sobre la Presión Intracraneal (PIC), Presión Arterial Media (PAM) y Presion de Perfusión Cerebral (PPC). Las determinaciones fueron efectuadas en el período basal, sobreelevando la cabeza 35- y siete minutos después de haber administrado el fármaco. Se concluyó que el DF en pacientes respirando espontáneamente al disminuir la PAM y aumentar la PIC, produce un pinzamiento riesgoso de la PPC. El aumento de la PIC podría explicarse por el incremento de la pCO2 arterial, excepto en un caso
Subject(s)
Middle Aged , Humans , Brain Diseases/surgery , Droperidol/therapeutic use , Fentanyl/therapeutic use , Intracranial Pressure/drug effects , Premedication , PerfusionABSTRACT
Se analizó el efecto del droperidol-fentanil (DF) proporción 50: 1) administrado como premedicación inmediata en cinco pacientes con lesiones expansivas intracraneales, sobre la Presión Intracraneal (PIC), Presión Arterial Media (PAM) y Presion de Perfusión Cerebral (PPC). Las determinaciones fueron efectuadas en el período basal, sobreelevando la cabeza 35- y siete minutos después de haber administrado el fármaco. Se concluyó que el DF en pacientes respirando espontáneamente al disminuir la PAM y aumentar la PIC, produce un pinzamiento riesgoso de la PPC. El aumento de la PIC podría explicarse por el incremento de la pCO2 arterial, excepto en un caso (AU)
