First report of unusual case of parasitism by Amblyomma nodosum (Neumann, 1889) in a yellow cururu toad (Rhinella icterica) in the Northeastern Brazilian Caatinga.

The Amblyomma genus (Arachnida: Ixodidae) is widely distributed in South America, with 34 species occurring in Brazil. Amblyomma nodosum Neumann 1889 is a species that predominantly feeds on Passeriformes during immature stages (larvae and nymphs) and anteaters (Myrmecophagidae) during adult stages. The aim of the present study is to report, for the first time, an unusual case of parasitism by adults of A. nodosum on a yellow cururu toad (Rhinella icterica) captured in the city of Nossa Senhora da Glória, Sergipe state (Northeastern Brazil) in the Caatinga biome, and also investigate the presence of DNA of Rickettsia in the collected material. DNA was extracted from all specimens collected (N=8) and subjected to PCR assays based on the tick 16S rRNA endogenous gene and gltA gene for Rickettsia sp. All samples (8/8; 100%) were positive for the 16S rRNA endogenous gene and two amplicons (obtained from one male and one female) were purified and sequenced. The BLASTn analysis of the sequences revealed a high degree of similarity (95-100%) with A. nodosum sequences previously deposited on GenBank, while the phylogenetic analysis clustered the sequences obtained in the same clade as A. nodosum sequences from Brazil.

Infection and re-infection of Leptospira spp. in stray dogs and cats from Bogota, Colombia.

Background and Aim: Leptospirosis is a re-emerging zoonosis that is under-reported in tropical countries, and canines can be a potential reservoir of the disease. The objective of this study was to diagnose Leptospira spp. that is actively infected and re-infected in stray dogs and cats from Bogota, D.C., Colombia. Materials and Methods: A sample of 200 animals, including dogs and cats from the animal protection programs of Bogota, Colombia, were used in this study. Blood was collected from these animals for serum and DNA analysis. Conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed using the 16s rRNA primer set, and higher-quality amplification products were sequenced by Sanger. For serodiagnosis, a group of PCR-positive samples was tested using the microagglutination test (MAT). Results: The overall PCR positivity of stray dogs and cats was 56%, 52.9%, and 65.3% in dogs and cats, respectively. The MAT seropositivity was 77.3%, and only dogs showed titers higher than 1:400. Canicola, Icterohaemorrhagiae, Pomona, Hardjo Prajitno, and Canicola and Hardjo prajitno were the serogroups associated with dogs and cats, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the strains belonging to Leptospira interrogans serovars related to isolated samples of American, European, and Asian bats (Myotis myotis), dogs, and bovines of American origin. Conclusion: These results showed that stray dogs and cats were previously exposed to different serovars of Leptospira spp. and re-infected with other serovars that actively participated in the transmission cycle. These findings highlight the importance of actively diagnosing infectious animals to design effective intervention strategies.

A computational model predicts sex-specific responses to calcium channel blockers in mammalian mesenteric vascular smooth muscle.

The function of the smooth muscle cells lining the walls of mammalian systemic arteries and arterioles is to regulate the diameter of the vessels to control blood flow and blood pressure. Here, we describe an in-silico model, which we call the "Hernandez-Hernandez model", of electrical and Ca2+ signaling in arterial myocytes based on new experimental data indicating sex-specific differences in male and female arterial myocytes from murine resistance arteries. The model suggests the fundamental ionic mechanisms underlying membrane potential and intracellular Ca2+ signaling during the development of myogenic tone in arterial blood vessels. Although experimental data suggest that KV1.5 channel currents have similar amplitudes, kinetics, and voltage dependencies in male and female myocytes, simulations suggest that the KV1.5 current is the dominant current regulating membrane potential in male myocytes. In female cells, which have larger KV2.1 channel expression and longer time constants for activation than male myocytes, predictions from simulated female myocytes suggest that KV2.1 plays a primary role in the control of membrane potential. Over the physiological range of membrane potentials, the gating of a small number of voltage-gated K+ channels and L-type Ca2+ channels are predicted to drive sex-specific differences in intracellular Ca2+ and excitability. We also show that in an idealized computational model of a vessel, female arterial smooth muscle exhibits heightened sensitivity to commonly used Ca2+ channel blockers compared to male. In summary, we present a new model framework to investigate the potential sex-specific impact of anti-hypertensive drugs.

"Cê anda igual bandido!": o que dizem os jovens sobre a construção midiática do criminoso? / "You look like a thug!": how do young people view the media's construction of the criminal? / « "T'as l'air d'un voyou! ¼: comment les jeunes perçoivent-ils la construction médiatique du criminel? / "¡Pareces un bandido!': ¿qué dicen los jóvenes sobre la construcción del criminal en los medios de comunicación?

Resumo A partir do cenário brasileiro, marcado por diferentes expressões da violência, são construídas práticas midiáticas que representam a juventude pauperizada de forma a criminalizar tal grupo. Este artigo apresenta uma discussão a respeito dos sentidos produzidos por jovens de 14 a 16 anos sobre as representações midiáticas expressas por setores da mídia hegemônica. Trata-se de uma pesquisa participante, delineada a partir da perspectiva do sociólogo Orlando Fals-Borda e da ideia de coautoria de Mikhail Bakhtin. A pesquisa foi realizada em uma cidade do estado de Minas Gerais, e foram construídos sete grupos de discussão, em que reportagens nas quais jovens são associados a episódios tidos como criminosos foram discutidas. Por meio dos diálogos construídos, foi possível identificar que o conteúdo midiático pode resultar em uma série de violências nas vidas desses jovens, que resistem através da busca por estratégias criativas, envolvendo a arte e mídias alternativas.

Abstract From a scenario marked by different expressions of violence emerge media practices set on criminalizing impoverished youth. This article examines the meanings produced by youth aged 14 to 16 years about the media representations broadcasted by hegemonic sectors. A participative research designed based on sociologist Orlando Fals-Borda's work and Mikhail Bakhtin's co-authorship was conducted with youth from the state of Minas Gerais. Seven discussion groups were created to debate the association between youth and criminal activity on the news. Analysis of the dialogues showed that media content can impart a series of violence in their lives. However, they resist through creative strategies involving art and alternative media.

Résumé A partir d'un scénario marqué par différentes expressions de la violence ressortent des pratiques médiatiques visant à criminaliser la jeunesse appauvrie. Cet article discute les significations produits par des jeunes de 14 à 16 ans à propos des représentations médiatiques formulées par les secteurs hégémoniques. Une recherche intervenante, esquissée d'après la perspective du sociologue Orlando Fals-Borda et du concept de cocréation de Mikhail Bakhtin, a été réalisée dans une ville de l'État du Minas Gerais. Sept groupes de discussion ont été créé pour débattre des reportages où des jeunes sont associés à des épisodes criminels. L'analyse des dialogues a montré que le contenu des médias peut mener à une série de violences dans leur vie. Pourtant, ils résistent grâce à des stratégies créatives faisant appel à l'art et aux médias alternatifs.

Resumen A partir del escenario brasileño, marcado por diferentes expresiones de violencia, se construyen prácticas mediáticas, para criminalizar a la juventude más pobre. Este artículo discute los sentidos producidos por jóvenes de 14 a 16 años respecto a las representaciones mediáticas, expressadas por sectores de los medios hegemónicos. Se trata de una investigação participante, diseñada a partir de la perspectiva del sociólogo Orlando Fals-Borda y la idea de coautoría de Mikhail Bakhtin. La investigación fue realizada en una ciudad del estado de Minas Gerais, mediante siete grupos de discusión, donde se analizaron las asociaciones que hacen de los jóvenes con episodios delictivos. A partir de los diálogos establecidos, se encontró que lo proyectado por los medios de comuncación puede resultar de considerables violencias en la vida de aquellos jóvenes, quienes se resisten a través de la búsqueda de estrategias creativas como el arte y medios alternativos.

The formation of KV2.1 macro-clusters is required for sex-specific differences in L-type CaV1.2 clustering and function in arterial myocytes.

In arterial myocytes, the canonical function of voltage-gated CaV1.2 and KV2.1 channels is to induce myocyte contraction and relaxation through their responses to membrane depolarization, respectively. Paradoxically, KV2.1 also plays a sex-specific role by promoting the clustering and activity of CaV1.2 channels. However, the impact of KV2.1 protein organization on CaV1.2 function remains poorly understood. We discovered that KV2.1 forms micro-clusters, which can transform into large macro-clusters when a critical clustering site (S590) in the channel is phosphorylated in arterial myocytes. Notably, female myocytes exhibit greater phosphorylation of S590, and macro-cluster formation compared to males. Contrary to current models, the activity of KV2.1 channels seems unrelated to density or macro-clustering in arterial myocytes. Disrupting the KV2.1 clustering site (KV2.1S590A) eliminated KV2.1 macro-clustering and sex-specific differences in CaV1.2 cluster size and activity. We propose that the degree of KV2.1 clustering tunes CaV1.2 channel function in a sex-specific manner in arterial myocytes.

Itinerários terapêuticos de mulheres em situação de rua: as múltiplas faces do cuidado / Itinerarios terapéuticos de mujeres en situación de calle: las múltiples caras del cuidado / Therapeutic itineraries of homeless women: the multiple faces of care

Resumo O presente trabalho teve como objetivo refletir sobre a relação entre os itinerários terapêuticos de mulheres em situação de rua e os serviços de saúde e da assistência social. Utilizou-se como estratégia metodológica a etnografia multilocal, e como técnicas de construção dos dados, a observação participante e o diário de campo. Duas mulheres em situação de rua foram acompanhadas em suas trajetórias de busca por cuidados em saúde, e as observações foram feitas também na Casa de Passagem para mulheres, no Fórum da População em Situação de Rua, e junto ao Consultório na Rua. Os resultados apontam que os itinerários terapêuticos das mulheres se referem, principalmente, às possibilidades de produção de vida e apontam como os sentidos sobre o que é necessário precisam ser abarcados e compreendidos pelas redes de cuidado.

Resumen Este estudio tuvo como objetivo reflexionar sobre la relación entre los itinerarios terapéuticos de mujeres en situación de calle y los servicios de salud y de asistencia social. Fue utilizada como estrategia metodológica la etnografía multilocal, y como técnicas de recolección de datos, la observación participante y el diario de campo. Se acompaño a dos mujeres en situación de calle en sus trayectorias de búsqueda de atención en salud, y las observaciones fueron realizadas en la Casa de Passagem (Centro de Rehabilitación) para mujeres, en el Fórum da População em Situação de Rua (Foro de la Población en Situación de Calle), y en el Consultório na Rua (Oficina en la Calle). Los resultados apuntan que los itinerarios terapéuticos de las mujeres se refieren, principalmente, a las posibilidades de producción de vida y apuntan cómo los significados sobre lo necesario deben ser abarcados y comprendidos por las redes de atención en salud.

Abstract The aim of this study was to reflect on the relationship between the therapeutic itineraries of homeless women and health and social assistance services. Multilocal ethnography was used as a methodological strategy, and participant observation and field diary were used as data construction techniques. Two homeless women were accompanied in their search for health care, and observations were also made at the Casa de Passagem (Halfway House) for women, at the Fórum da População em Situação de Rua (Homeless Population Forum), and at the Consultório na Rua (Office on the street). The results point out that the women's therapeutic itineraries refer, mainly, to the possibilities of life production and point out how the meanings of what is necessary must be embraced and understood by the care networks.

Pobreza, subalternidade e rupturas: problematizações acerca dos sujeitos na política de assistência social / Poverty, subalternity and ruptures: problems regarding subjects in social assistance policy / Pobreza, subalternidad y rupturas: problematizaciones acerca de los sujetos en la política de asistencia social

O presente trabalho visa analisar como os sujeitos destinatários da política de assistência social compreendem e se relacionam com as ações e programas sociais desenvolvidos. Recorremos, portanto, ao uso da entrevista semiestruturada, que contou com dez participantes, bem como do diário de campo proveniente do período de acompanhamento das atividades desenvolvidas em um Centro de Referência em Assistência Social (CRAS). O material construído e analisado abarca as seguintes categorias: (a) Assistência social: direito ou benesse? (b) Assistência social e (vs) trabalho: da (re) negação à busca por direitos; (c) Dilemas postos na condição de "assistido": tutela, subalternidade e rupturas. Os resultados sugerem, assim, que a perspectiva histórica da subalternidade presente no campo da assistência social, a qual vem sendo reforçada pela agenda neoliberal, impõe desafios para o avanço nas condições materiais e subjetivas de vida dos sujeitos "assistidos", podendo, por vezes, favorecer processos psicossociais de resignação e comprometer mecanismos de participação e controle social.

The present work aims to analyze how the "users" of the social assistance policy understand and relate to the social actions and programs. We resorted, therefore, to the use of semi-structured interviews, which included ten participants, as well as a field diary from the period of monitoring the activities developed in a Reference Center for Social Assistance (CRAS). The material built and analyzed covers the following categories: (a) Social assistance: right or benefit? (b) Social assistance and (vs) work: from (re)denial to the search for rights; (c) Dilemmas placed in the condition of "assisted": guardianship, subalternity and ruptures. The results suggest, therefore, that the historical perspective of subalternity present in the field of social assistance, which has been reinforced by the neoliberal agenda, poses challenges for the advancement of the material and subjective conditions of life of the "assisted" subjects, and may, sometimes favor psychosocial processes of resignation and compromise mechanisms of participation and social control.

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar cómo las personas atendidas por la política de asistencia social entienden y se relacionan con las acciones y programas sociales desarrollados. Por lo tanto, utilizamos la entrevista semiestructurada, que incluyó a diez participantes, así como el diario de campo del período de seguimiento de las actividades desarrolladas en un Centro de Referencia en Asistencia Social (CRAS). El material construido y analizado incluye las siguientes categorías: (a) Asistencia social: ¿derecho o ayuda? (b) Asistencia social y (vs) trabajo: de la (re)negación a la búsqueda de derechos; (c) Dilemas planteados en la condición de "asistidos": tutela, subalternidad y rupturas. Los resultados sugieren, por lo tanto, que la perspectiva histórica de subalternidad presente en el campo de la asistencia social, que ha sido reforzada por la perspectiva neoliberal, impone desafíos para el avance en las condiciones materiales y subjetivas de vida de las personas "asistidas", pudiendo contribuir, algunas veces, con los procesos psicosociales de resignación y comprometer los mecanismos de participación y control social.

As artimanhas da titularidade feminina: análise a partir das histórias de vida das mulheres do Bolsa Família / The tricks of female ownership: analysis from the life stories of "Bolsa Família" women (Brazilian Family Assistance Program women) / Las artimañas de la titularidad femenina: análisis a partir de las historias de vida de las mujeres de "Bolsa Família" (Programa de Asistencia Económica Familiar)

Este artigo objetivou evidenciar as concepções das mulheres do Bolsa Família acerca da titularidade feminina. Para tanto, quatro entrevistas semiestruturadas, baseadas no método da história de vida foram realizadas, cuja técnica de análise dos dados empregada foi do tipo temática. Dentre os resultados, identificamos que para as mulheres, a titularidade é compreendida como um avanço político importante por contribuir nas tomadas de decisão no espaço doméstico. Elas também não identificaram problemas no tocante ao cumprimento das condicionalidades, o que tencionamos tratar de ações compreendidas como da ordem "materna". Ademais, elas pouco se compreenderam enquanto sujeitos ativos do processo de transformação da realidade, o que nos exige repensar a nossa prática profissional. Por fim, conclui-se que as artimanhas da titularidade feminina tendem a retroalimentar a fusão entre a ideologia patriarcal e o neoliberalismo, na medida em que o Estado se ausenta e transfere para as titulares-mães responsabilidades na erradicação da pobreza.

This article aimed to highlight the conceptions of Bolsa Família women (Family Assistance Program women) about female ownership. Therefore, four semi-structured interviews were carried out, based on the life history method, which data analysis technique was of the thematic type. Among the results, we identified that for women, ownership is understood as an important political advance for contributing to decision-making in the domestic space. They also did not identify problems regarding the fulfillment of conditionalities, which we intend to deal with actions understood as of the "maternal" order. Furthermore, they were poorly comprehended as active subjects in the process of transforming reality, which requires us to rethink our professional practice. Finally, it is concluded that the tricks of female ownership tend to feed back the fusion between patriarchal ideology and neoliberalism, insofar as the State is absent and transfers responsibilities in the eradication of poverty to the owner-mothers.

Este artículo tuvo como objetivo resaltar las concepciones de las mujeres de Bolsa Família (Programa de Asistencia Económica Familiar) sobre la titularidad femenina. Para ello, se realizaron cuatro entrevistas semiestructuradas, basadas en el método de historia de vida, cuya técnica de análisis de datos fue de tipo temático. Entre los resultados, identificamos que para las mujeres la titularidad es entendida como un avance político importante para contribuir a la toma de decisiones en el espacio doméstico. Tampoco identificaron problemas en cuanto al cumplimiento de condicionalidades, que pretendemos atender con acciones entendidas como de orden "materno". Además, fueron poco comprendidas como sujetos activos en el proceso de transformación de la realidad, lo que nos obliga a repensar nuestra práctica profesional. Finalmente, se concluye que las artimañas de la titularidad femenina tienden a retroalimentar la fusión entre la ideología patriarcal y el neoliberalismo, en la medida en que el Estado está ausente y transfiere las responsabilidades de la erradicación de pobreza a las madres-titulares.

Factors associated with loss to follow up among HIV-exposed children: a historical cohort study from 2000 to 2017, in Porto Alegre, Brazil.

BACKGROUND: There are many inequalities in terms of prevention and treatment for pregnant women with HIV and exposed children in low and middle-income countries. The Brazilian protocol for prenatal care includes rapid diagnostic testing for HIV, compulsory notification, and monitoring by the epidemiological surveillance of children exposed to HIV until 18 months after delivery. The case is closed after HIV serology results are obtained. Lost to follow-up is defined as a child who was not located at the end of the case, and, therefore, did not have a laboratory diagnosis. Lost to follow-up is a current problem and has been documented in other countries. This study analyzed factors associated with loss to follow-up among HIV-exposed children, including sociodemographic, behavioral, and health variables of mothers of children lost to follow-up. METHODS: This historical cohort study included information on mothers of children exposed to HIV, born in Porto Alegre, from 2000 to 2017. The research outcome was the classification at the end of the child's follow-up (lost to follow-up or not). Factors associated with loss to follow-up were investigated using the Poisson regression model. Relative Risk calculations were performed. The significance level of 5% was adopted for variables in the adjusted model. RESULTS: Of 6,836 children exposed to HIV, 1,763 (25.8%) were classified as lost to follow-up. The factors associated were: maternal age of up to 22 years (aRR 1.25, 95% CI: 1.09-1.43), the mother's self-declared race/color being black or mixed (aRR 1.13, 95% CI: 1.03-1.25), up to three years of schooling (aRR 1.45, 95% CI: 1.26-1.67), between four and seven years of schooling (aRR 1.14, 95% CI: 1.02-1.28), intravenous drug use (aRR 1.29, 95% CI: 1.12-1.50), and HIV diagnosis during prenatal care or at delivery (aRR 1.37, 95% CI: 1.24-1.52). CONCLUSION: Variables related to individual vulnerability, such as race, age, schooling, and variables related to social and programmatic vulnerability, remain central to reducing loss to follow-up among HIV-exposed children.

Mídia, criminalização da juventude e adesão subjetiva à barbárie / Media, youth criminalization and subjective adherence to barbarism / Media, criminalizacion de la juventude y la adhesion subjetiva a la barbárie

A partir das representações midiáticas, são apresentadas cotidianamente cenas marcadas pela violência urbana. Protagonizando as reportagens, a juventude oriunda de classes subalternas é compreendida como responsável por essa realidade. Enquanto isso, a população clama por medidas punitivas. A presente revisão narrativa propõe uma discussão sobre a possível relação entre a mídia hegemônica, as representações sobre violência urbana e a criminalização dessa faceta da juventude, sustentando práticas sociais que compõem a adesão subjetiva à barbárie. Primeiramente, são apresentados o debate a respeito das mídias e o cenário brasileiro. Em seguida, é discutida a imagem do "jovem bandido" através do olhar da criminologia crítica. Por fim, apresenta-se a discussão sobre a construção de consensos a partir da mídia brasileira. Através de estratégias de desumanização dos sujeitos, as práticas midiáticas hegemônicas contribuem para que estejamos aderidos à barbárie que violenta, principalmente, os jovens inseridos no âmbito das periferias brasileiras. (AU)

From the media representations, scenes marked by urban violence are daily presented. Protagonising the news, youth from lower classes are understood as responsible for this reality. Meanwhile, the population claims for punitivemeasures. This narrative review proposes a discussion about the possible relationship between hegemonic media, representations of urban violence and the criminalization of this facet of youth, supporting social practices that composes the subjective adherence to barbarism. First, the debate about the media and the brazilian scenario is presented. Then, the image of the "young bandit" is discussed through the view of critical criminology. Finally, the discussion on the construction of consensus from the brazilian media is presented. Through strategies of dehumanization of subjects, hegemonic media practices contribute to adherence to the barbarism that mainly violates young people inserted in the brazilian peripheries. (AU)

Desde las representaciones mediáticas, se visibilizaescenas cotidianas marcadas por la violencia urbana, apareciendo en los reportajes que jóvenes en condiciones de pobreza extrema son responsables de esa realidad y la población solicitando para ellos medidas punitivas. La presente revisión narrativa discute la posible relación entre: Medios hegemónicos, representaciones sociales alrededor de la violencia urbana y la criminalización de esa faceta de la juventud, las cuales respaldan prácticas de "adhesión subjetiva a la barbarie". En primer lugar es presentado el debate sobre medios y escenarios Brasileños; posteriormente, se muestra la imagen del "joven bandido" desde la postura de la criminología crítica; en última instancia, se discute sobre la construcción de consensos a partir de los medios Brasileños. Mediante la estrategia deshumanizante de los sujetos, las prácticas mediáticas hegemónicas contribuyen a la adhesión colectiva hacia la barbarie, perjudicando de manera violenta especialmente a jóvenes inmersos en las periferias Brasileña. (AU)

Molecular diversity of the VP2 of Carnivore protoparvovirus 1 (CPV-2) of fecal samples from Bogotá

Background@#Carnivore protoparvovirus 1, also known as canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2), is the main pathogen in hemorrhagic gastroenteritis in dogs, with a high mortality rate. Three subtypes (a, b, c) have been described based on VP2 residue 426, where 2a, 2b, and 2c have asparagine, aspartic acid, and glutamic acid, respectively. @*Objectives@#This study examined the presence of CPV-2 variants in the fecal samples of dogs diagnosed with canine parvovirus in Bogotá. @*Methods@#Fecal samples were collected from 54 puppies and young dogs (< 1 year) that tested positive for the CPV through rapid antigen test detection between 2014–2018. Molecular screening was developed for VP1 because primers 555 for VP2 do not amplify, it was necessary to design a primer set for VP2 amplification of 982 nt. All samples that were amplified were sequenced by Sanger. Phylogenetics and structural analysis was carried out, focusing on residue 426. @*Results@#As a result 47 out of 54 samples tested positive for VP1 screening, and 34/47 samples tested positive for VP2 980 primers as subtype 2a (n = 30) or 2b (n = 4); subtype 2c was not detected. All VP2 sequences had the amino acid, T, at 440, and most Colombian sequences showed an S514A substitution, which in the structural modeling is located in an antigenic region, together with the 426 residue. @*Conclusions@#The 2c variant was not detected, and these findings suggest that Colombian strains of CPV-2 might be under an antigenic drift.

Patients Lost to Follow-up in Shoulder Arthroplasty: Descriptive Characteristics and Reasons

Background@#The purpose of this study was to determine the number of patients lost to follow-up yearly in shoulder arthroplasty and investigate the characteristics of the patients lost to follow-up that may differ from those not lost to follow-up. @*Methods@#All shoulder arthroplasties performed from January 2008 to December 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. The number of patients lost to follow-up was determined yearly. Independent variables included age, sex, body mass index (BMI), diagnosis, type of prostheses, living condition, smoking, alcohol intake, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score, in-hospital length, surgery length, living area, preoperative Constant score, last Constant score available, and complications. Number of deaths was recorded. @*Results@#This study included 251 patients. There was an accumulation of 86 patients (34.3%) lost to follow-up after a maximum of 8 years. During the first year, 9.9% of the patients were lost to follow-up, 18.3% in the second year, 25.1% in the third year, 28.7% in the fourth year, 31.5% in the fifth year, 33.9% in the sixth year, and 34.3% in the seventh year. Patients with severe obesity had 2.44 times greater risk of being lost to follow-up (hazard ratio [HR], 2.44; p < 0.001). Elderly patients were also at higher risk (HR, 1.05; p < 0.001). Increases in the ASA score raised the risk of being lost (HR, 1.93; p < 0.001). Patients with complications had a lower risk (43%) of being lost (HR, 0.57; p = 0.018) at the 8-year follow-up. At the 2-year follow-up, the patients with acute fractures and fracture sequelae had a higher risk of being lost to follow-up (HR, 2.44; p = 0.002), and the patients with complications were not significantly different from those without complications (HR, 0.54; p = 0.12). @*Conclusions@#The longer the follow-up in shoulder arthroplasty, the greater the number of patients lost to follow-up, reaching 34.3% by the seventh year. Patients lost to follow-up were not random in shoulder arthroplasty: older patients, severely obese patients, and those with higher ASA scores were at higher risk of being lost to follow-up, but reasons for being lost to follow-up changed through time and depending on when they were assessed.

Gênero, pobreza e saúde: revisão sistemática sobre a saúde de mulheres em situação de rua / Gender, poverty and Health: systematic review on the health of homeless women

As mulheres em situação de rua, parte de um fenômeno que se constitui como uma problemática global e inerente ao modo de produção capitalista (MPC), estão submetidas a uma série de opressões e desigualdades, especialmente alarmantes no que se refere a sua saúde. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi realizar uma revisão sistemática de literatura a fim de conhecer o que tem sido pesquisado sobre a saúde desse grupo de mulheres no contexto nacional e internacional, considerando-se as especificidades relacionadas à condição de gênero. Foram realizadas buscas nas bases de dados Lilacs, Redalyc, Psychinfo, SciELO, ERIC e no Portal de Periódicos da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES/Brasil). A partir dos descritores homeless women, health, health care, health care policy e therapeutic itineraries, chegou-se a uma amostra final composta por 21 artigos, cuja análise foi expressa em três categorias: violência, pobreza e viver nas ruas: implicações para a saúde das mulheres; maternidade, trabalho e saúde: ambivalência sentida nos corpos; e acesso aos serviços de saúde e assistência social. Os achados evidenciam a interseção entre condição de gênero, situação de rua e saúde, apontando o caráter transcultural do fenômeno, e a necessidade de se investir em mais investigações na área.

Homeless women, part of a phenomenon that constitutes as a global problem and inherent to the capitalist mode of production (CMP), are subject to a series of oppression and inequalities that are especially alarming with regard to their health. This study aimed to understand what has been researched about this group of woman, in the nacional and internacional context, from a systematic literature review, and taking into account gender particularities. The following databases were consulted: Lilacs, Redalyc, SciELO, ERIC, and the website of Portal de Periódicos da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES/Brazil). The key words selected were homeless women, health, health care, health care policy and therapeutic itineraries, through which a final sample of 21 articles were found, having their analysis expressed in three categories: Violence, poverty and living on the streets: implications for women's health; motherhood, work and health: ambivalence felt in the bodies; access to health and social assistance services. The findings show the intersection between gender, the life in the streets and health, highlighting the cross-cultural character of the phenomenon, and the need to invest in further research in the area.

Potentially zoonotic parasites in the soil of public squares in the city of Aracaju (Sergipe, Northeastern Brazil).

This study evaluated the soil contamination of public squares in the city of Aracaju, Sergipe, by potentially zoonotic parasites and correlated their occurrence with climatic variables (temperature, humidity and precipitation). Samples were collected over a 18-month period, from 20 different public squares, and submitted to three different parasitological techniques: Faust's, Hoffman's and Rugai's methods, adapted to soil samples. Results indicated the presence of several potentially zoonotic parasitic species in eighteen of the 20 squares analyzed (90%). The parasites identified included Ancylostoma spp., Strongyloides stercoralis, Toxocara spp., Dipylidium caninum, Trichuris sp., Capillaria sp. and Giardia sp. They were identified during all months of the year and no influence of temperature, humidity or precipitation on the occurrence of those parasites was observed. Such results demonstrate that public squares in the city of Aracaju pose a parasitic contamination risk for people and pets that visit those places as a leisure activity.

Canine leishmaniasis in an endemic region, Northeastern Brazil: a comparative study with four groups of animals.

Canine leishmaniasis (CanL) is a zoonosis caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania and remains an important public health concern in tropical areas. In Brazil, domestic dogs are considered the most relevant reservoir of the parasite and one of the main targets of the disease control actions. Considering this, we aimed herein to evaluate the CanL infection in different canine groups and distribution of cases in the state of Sergipe, an endemic region in Northeastern Brazil. The evaluated 467 animals were classified into four groups: hunting (n = 50), company (n = 64), guard (n = 140), and wandering (n = 213). Samples (blood, bone marrow, conjunctival swab, and lymph node aspirate) were collected from animals in nine municipalities of Sergipe. First, all animals were submitted to general and ophthalmic clinical examination. Next, they were tested serologically by TR-DPP®, and for the presence of Leishmania, amastigotes in samples of bone marrow, conjunctival swab, and lymph node aspirate were diagnosed by PCR and parasitological techniques. It was observed that 34.69% (162) of the evaluated dogs were seropositive. The highest rates of positivity were found in hunting 54% (27/50; OR = 3.52; p-value = 0.001) and guard dogs 42.14% (59/140; OR = 2.18; p-value = 0.01). Otherwise, the highest percentage of symptomatic dogs was observed in wandering animals (85%; OR = 9.63; p-value < 0.0001). The distribution of case analysis showed that the highest positivity rates occurred in inland municipalities situated in arid regions. Taken together, our data demonstrate that hunting and guard dogs are among the animals most exposed and affected by clinical manifestations of CanL, mainly in the inland municipalities of Sergipe State.

Intersetorialidade nas Políticas Públicas sobre Drogas: Relações entre Saúde e Assistência Social / Intersectoriality in Drug Public Policies: Relations between Healthcare and Welfare Resources / Intersectorialidad en las Políticas Públicas sobre Drogas: Relaciones entre Salud y Asistencia Social

As políticas, programas e serviços no campo de álcool e outras drogas devem ocorrer a partir dos princípios da integralidade e intersetorialidade, assegurando a participação social. Nessa direção, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi compreender como se dão as relações entre as redes de saúde e assistência social, com vistas a assegurar ações orientadas pela intersetorialidade no cuidado aos usuários de substâncias psicoativas em um município de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Foram realizadas entrevistas individuais com os gestores destes setores, além de um grupo focal com profissionais que atuam no Sistema Único de Saúde e Sistema Único de Assistência Social. Os resultados foram organizados nos seguintes eixos de análise: (1) (des)articulação da rede: impasse para o trabalho intersetorial; (2) redes em movimento: práticas profissionais no cotidiano de cuidado; (3) tensões entre diferentes atores na rede de cuidado em álcool e drogas. Tais resultados expressam a realidade de grande parte dos municípios brasileiros, em que as ações no âmbito das políticas públicas ocorrem de maneira desarticulada, sendo ainda o princípio da intersetorialidade um horizonte a ser construído. (AU)

Policies, programs and services in the field of alcohol and other drugs (AOD) must be based upon the principles of integrality and intersectoriality, ensuring social participation. These aspects might guide Brazilian psychosocial care network. In this direction, the present study aimed to understand the relationship between health networks and social assistance regarding the health care of psychoactive substances users in a city at Minas Gerais, Brazil. Individual interviews were conducted with the managers of these sectors, as well as a focus group with professionals working in Brazilian National Systems of Healthcare and Social Services. The results were organized in the following axes of analysis: (1) (dis)articulation of the network: challenge for intersectoral work; (2) networks in movement: professional practices in daily care; (3) tensions between different actors in the alcohol and other drugs (AOD) network. These results express the reality of most Brazilian municipalities, in which public policies occur in a disjointed way, and the principle of intersectoriality is a horizon to be constructed. (AU)

Las políticas, programas y servicios en el campo de alcohol y otras drogas deben ocurrir a partir de los principios de la integralidad e intersectorialidad, asegurando la participación social. En esta dirección, el objetivo del presente trabajo fue comprender la relación entre las redes de salud y asistencia social en cuanto a la atención a los usuarios de sustancias psicoactivas en un municipio de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Se realizaron entrevistas individuales con los gestores de estos sectores, además de un grupo focal con profesionales que actúan en el Sistema Único de Salud y Sistema Único de Asistencia Social. Los resultados se organizaron en los siguientes ejes analíticos: (1) (des)articulación de la red: impasse para el trabajo intersectorial; (2) redes en movimiento: prácticas profesionales en el cotidiano de cuidado; (3) tensiones entre los diferentes actores de la red de atención de alcohol y drogas. Tales resultados expresan la realidad de gran parte de los municipios brasileños, en los que las acciones en el ámbito de las políticas públicas ocurren de manera desarticulada, siendo aún el principio de la intersectorialidad un horizonte a ser construido. (AU)

Conscientização para Transformação social: Apontamentos para a Psicologia Social Comunitária / Conscientization for social transformation: appointments for community social psychology

O presente artigo trata-se de um estudo teórico que objetivou analisar a incorporação da categoria "conscientização" no campo da Psicologia Social Comunitária (PSC), de modo a refletir sobre o complexo arcabouço teórico que constitui tal pressuposto e os desafios que são colocados para a prática profissional da(o) psicóloga(o) comunitário(a) inserida(o) no atual contexto social brasileiro. Para tanto, buscamos delinear as bases teóricas da categoria conscientização a partir de Paulo Freire e sua adoção por percussores da psicologia social latino-americana, como Ignácio Martín-Baró e Maritza Montero. Em seguida, discorremos sobre os possíveis impasses teórico-metodológicos enfrentados por profissionais da psicologia para a concretização de ações de conscientização nos espaços de atuação profissional e comunitária. Consideramos que os limites e possibilidades colocados para a tarefa de conscientização perpassam por uma análise histórica dos fenômenos sociais e subjetivos, em sua relação dialética, tornando-se cada vez mais necessário o resgate e fortalecimento de perspectivas críticas de atuação que assumam, em sua radicalidade, o ideário ético-político de Libertação

This article is a theoretical study that aimed to analyze the incorporation of the category "conscientization" in the field of Community Social Psychology (PSC), in order to reflect on the complex theoretical framework that constitutes such an assumption and the challenges that are posed for the professional practice of the community psychologist in the current Brazilian social context. Therefore, we seek to delineate the theoretical bases of the category of conscientization based on Paulo Freire and its adoption by latin american social psychology, such as Ignácio Martín-Baró and Maritza Montero. Then, we discuss the possible theoretical-methodological impasses faced by professionals in psychology to implement the conscientization in the spaces of professional and community action. We considers that the limits and possibilities placed on the task of conscientization involve a historical analysis of social and subjective phenomena, in their dialectical relationship, making it increasingly necessary to rescue and strengthen critical perspectives of action that they assume, in their radicality, the ethical-political perspective of Liberation

O fatalismo no cotidiano da pobreza: do individualismo forjado ao horizonte coletivo / Fatalism in poverty's daily life: from a forged individualism to a collective horizon / Fatalismo en la vida cotidiana de la pobreza: del individualismo forjado al horizonte colectivo

O presente trabalho objetiva analisar como o fatalismo se manifesta no cotidiano de sujeitos que vivenciam a condição de pobreza. Foram realizadas 10 entrevistas semiestruturadas com sujeitos atendidos em um Centro de Referência de Assistência Social (CRAS) de um município do estado de Minas Gerais. Apoiando-se, sobretudo, nas elaborações de Ignacio Martín-Baró, refletimos sobre o modo como a predominante resignação fatalista se forja por meio das estruturas desiguais e das ideologias estabelecidas e aprofundadas no cotidiano da pobreza. Os processos de naturalização da realidade social reforçados pelo imediatismo e precariedade da vida cotidiana sufocam os sentimentos de revolta, indignação e coletividade que insurgem, sendo estes, no geral, canalizados pela lógica meritocrática, individualista e religiosa. Torna-se, assim, importante a adoção de uma perspectiva histórica e dialética para compreendermos as possibilidades de ruptura com o fatalismo no âmbito da sociedade brasileira, de modo a superar as mazelas subjetivas e materiais produzidas na e pela ordem social vigente.

This paper aims to analyze how fatalism manifests itself in the daily life of those who live under poverty conditions. Ten semi-structured interviews were conducted with subjects who were attended at a Social Assistance Reference Center (CRAS) at a city in the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais. Based mainly on Ignacio Martín-Baró's elaborations, this study reflects on the way in which the predominant fatalistic resignation is forged through unequal structures and through ideologies established and deepened in poverty's daily life. Social reality's naturalization processes, reinforced by the immediacy and precariousness of everyday life, suppresses feelings of revolt, indignation and collectivity, which, in general, are channeled by a meritocratic, individualistic and religious logic. Thus, it is important to adopt a historical and dialectic perspective to understand the possibilities of breaking off with Brazilian society's fatalism, in order to overcome subjective and material problems produced in and by the current social order.

Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar cómo se manifiesta el fatalismo en lo cotidiano de las personas que vivencian la condición de pobreza. Se realizaron 10 entrevistas semiestructuradas con sujetos atendidos en un Centro de Referencia de Asistencia Social (CRAS) de una ciudad del estado brasileño de Minas Gerais. Basados principalmente en las elaboraciones de Ignacio Martín-Baró, buscamos reflejar sobre la forma en que si presenta la resignación fatalista predominante mediante las estructuras e ideologías desiguales establecidas y profundizadas en lo cotidiano de la pobreza. Los procesos de naturalización de la realidad social están reforzados por la inmediatez y la precariedad de la vida cotidiana y impeden los sentimientos de revuelta, indignación y colectividad que emergen, en general, siendo canalizados por la lógica meritocrática, individualista y religiosa. Por lo tanto, es importante adoptar una perspectiva histórica y dialéctica para comprender las posibilidades de romper con el fatalismo en el contexto de la sociedad brasileña, buscando superar los problemas subjetivos y materiales producidos por la orden social actual.

A CONTRADIÇÃO ENTRE PROTEÇÃO E VIOLÊNCIA NA TRAJETÓRIA DE ADOLESCENTES EM MEDIDA SOCIOEDUCATIVA / THE CONTRADICTION BETWEEN PROTECTION AND VIOLENCE IN THE PATH ADOLESCENTS IN SOCIO-EDUCATIONAL MEASURE / LA CONTRADICCIÓN ENTRE LA PROTECCIÓN Y LA VIOLENCIA EN LA TRAYECTORIA DE ADOLESCENTES EN MEDIDA SOCIOEDUCATIVA

O presente artigo objetiva refletir sobre as experiências de adolescentes em conflito com a lei em suas trajetórias pela rede de atendimento socioeducativo de um município de médio porte brasileiro. A pesquisa foi realizada com 07 adolescentes do gênero masculino, em cumprimento de Medida Socioeducativa (MSE), na modalidade de Liberdade Assistida (LA). Foram realizadas entrevistas narrativas, empregando-se o método de história de vida. Diferentes formas de violência foram relatadas no cumprimento da MSE de internação, como humilhações, vergonha e privações. As ações realizadas pela LA, por sua vez, podem favorecer a construção de projetos de vida que se configuram como uma alternativa à violência vivenciada. Compreender as experiências dos adolescentes pode contribuir para superarmos práticas que se perpetuam no cenário das MSE, e, ao mesmo tempo, fortalecer o cuidado preconizado pelo Sistema Nacional de Atendimento Socioeducativo (SINASE) e pelo Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente (ECA).

This article aims to reflect on the experiences of adolescents in conflict with the law in their trajectories through the socio-educational service network of a medium sized Brazilian municipality. The research was carried out with 07 male adolescents, in compliance with the Socio-Educational Measure (MSE), in the Assisted Freedom (LA) modality. Narrative interviews were conducted, using the life story method. Different forms of violence were reported in the fulfillment of the hospitalization MSE, such as humiliation, shame and deprivation. The actions carried out by LA, in turn, can favor the construction of life projects that are configured as an alternative to the violence experienced. Understanding the experiences of adolescents can contribute to overcoming practices that are perpetuated in the scenario of MSE, and, at the same time, strengthen the care advocated by the National System of Social and Educational Assistance (SINASE) and the Statute of the Child and Adolescent (ECA).

Este artículo tiene como objetivo reflexionar sobre las experiencias de los adolescentes en conflicto con la ley en sus trayectorias a través de la red de servicios socioeducativos de un municipio mediano brasileño. La investigación se llevó a cabo con 07 adolescentes varones, de conformidad con la Medida Socioeducativa (MSE), en la modalidad de Libertad Asistida (LA). Se realizaron entrevistas narrativas, utilizando el método de la historia de vida. Se informaron diferentes formas de violencia en el cumplimiento de la hospitalización MSE, como la humillación, la vergüenza y la privación. Las acciones llevadas a cabo por LA, a su vez, pueden favorecer la construcción de proyectos de vida configurados como una alternativa a la violencia experimentada. Comprender las experiencias de los adolescentes puede contribuir a superar las prácticas que se perpetúan en el escenario de MSE y, al mismo tiempo, fortalecer la atención defendida por el Sistema Nacional de Asistencia Social y Educativa (SINASE) y el Estatuto del Niño y el Adolescente (ECA).