ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: High sodium intake has been associated with various noncommunicable disease like hypertension, cardiovascular disease, or stroke. To estimate accurately sodium intake is challenging in clinical practice. We investigate the usefulness and limitations of assessing sodium intake simultaneously by dietary assessment and urinary samples in both children and adults. METHODS: We used a cross-sectional study design inviting 298 Chilean subjects (74 children and 222 adults) aged between 9 and 66 years of both genders. Sodium intake by dietary assessment was obtained from Chilean food composition data, based on FAO tables. Sodium and creatinine excretion were measured in 24-hour urine samples, in all participants. RESULTS: Adequate urinary collection was obtained in 81% of children (59/74) and 61% of adults (135/222). The mean sodium intake by dietary assessment was similar to the sodium excretion in 24 hours (3,121±1,153mg/d vs. 3,114±1,353mg/24h, P = nonsignificant) in children but was significantly lower (3,208±1,284mg/d vs. 4,160±1,651mg/24h, P < 0.001) in adults. In both children and adults, sodium intake correlated with urinary sodium excretion (r = 0.456, P < 0.003 and r = 0.390, P < 0.001, respectively). Secondary analyses also suggested that the dietary assessment was more inaccurate in overweight adult subjects. CONCLUSIONS: Our results showed that average sodium intake was higher than recommended in both children and adults (WHO ≤2,000mg/d). The sodium intake estimated by dietary assessment correlated with urinary excretion in all subjects, but in obese adults was more inaccurate than in children. Future studies to validate the appropriate test to assess sodium intake by age and nutritional status are warranted.
Subject(s)
Diet Surveys , Sodium, Dietary/urine , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Body Weight , Child , Chile , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Nutrition Assessment , Young AdultABSTRACT
Background: Knowledge about appropriate use of antimicrobials (AM) in the population is an important factor to achieve a proper use of these drugs. Objective: To evaluate the impact of an educational intervention on knowledge about appropriate use of AM in respiratory tract infections in adolescent from Lo Barnechea, Santiago. Methods: Prospective study. We evaluated the level of knowledge about appropriate use of AM in a group of adolescents from two municipal schools in Lo Barnechea. Then, in one of these schools, we made an educational intervention consisting of two workshops. Initial survey was repeated at the end of the first educational session and 4 months after completing the intervention. Results: We applied the knowledge survey to 489 students. The baseline rate of approval was 40.2%. After the first workshop this percentage improved to 74.5% (P = 0.0001), and at 4 months after the educational program finished, the approval rate was 59.1%. Conclusions: There are significant gaps in the level of knowledge about appropriate use of in the study population, which significantly improved after an educational intervention. Benefit was maintained for at least 4 months.
Antecedentes: El conocimiento sobre uso adecuado de antimicrobianos en la población es relevante para lograr un buen uso de estos medicamentos. Objetivo: Evaluar el impacto de una intervención educativa en el conocimiento sobre uso adecuado de antimicrobianos en infecciones respiratorias en un grupo de adolescentes de la comuna de Lo Barnechea. Método: Estudio prospectivo. Se evaluó el grado de conocimientos sobre uso adecuado de antimicrobianos en estudiantes de 7° básico a 3° medio de dos colegios municipalizados de Lo Barnechea. Luego, en uno de estos establecimientos se realizó una intervención educativa consistente en dos talleres teórico-prácticos. Se repitió la encuesta inicial al terminar la primera sesión educativa y cuatro meses después de completar la intervención. Resultados: Se aplicó la encuesta de conocimientos a 489 estudiantes. El porcentaje basal de aprobación fue de 40,2%. Luego del primer taller este porcentaje ascendió a 74,5% (p: 0,0001); a los cuatro meses la tasa de aprobación fue de 59,1%. Conclusiones: Existen carencias importantes en el grado de conocimientos sobre uso adecuado de antimicrobianos en la población estudiada, que mejora significativamente después de una intervención educativa, beneficio que se mantuvo al menos por 4 meses.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Female , Humans , Male , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Health Education/methods , Respiratory Tract Infections/drug therapy , Chile , Program Evaluation , Prospective Studies , Students , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Knowledge about appropriate use of antimicrobials (AM) in the population is an important factor to achieve a proper use of these drugs. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of an educational intervention on knowledge about appropriate use of AM in respiratory tract infections in adolescent from Lo Barnechea, Santiago. METHODS: Prospective study. We evaluated the level of knowledge about appropriate use of AM in a group of adolescents from two municipal schools in Lo Barnechea. Then, in one of these schools, we made an educational intervention consisting of two workshops. Initial survey was repeated at the end of the first educational session and 4 months after completing the intervention. RESULTS: We applied the knowledge survey to 489 students. The baseline rate of approval was 40.2%. After the first workshop this percentage improved to 74.5% (P = 0.0001), and at 4 months after the educational program finished, the approval rate was 59.1%. CONCLUSIONS: There are significant gaps in the level of knowledge about appropriate use of in the study population, which significantly improved after an educational intervention. Benefit was maintained for at least 4 months.
