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1.
Sci Rep ; 12(1): 385, 2022 01 10.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35013457

ABSTRACT

The immune response after SARS-CoV-2 vaccine administration appears to be characterized by high inter-individual variation, even in SARS-CoV-2 positive subjects, who could have experienced different post-infection, unresolved conditions. We monitored anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG levels and kinetics along with circulating biomarkers in a cohort of 175 healthcare workers during early immunization with COVID-19 mRNA-LNP BNT162b2 vaccine, to identify the associated factors. Subjects with a previous SARS-CoV-2 infection were characterized by higher BMI and CRP levels and lower neutrophil count with respect to naïve subjects. Baseline IgG levels resulted associated with CRP independently on BMI and inflammatory diseases. Among 137 subjects undergoing vaccination and monitored after the first and the second dose, three kinetic patterns were identified. The pattern showing a rapid growth was characterized by higher IgG levels at baseline and higher CRP and MCHC levels than negative subjects. Subjects previously exposed to SARS-CoV-2 showed higher levels of CRP, suggesting persistence of unresolved inflammation. These levels are the main determinant of IgG levels at baseline and characterized subjects belonging to the best performing, post-vaccine antibody kinetic pattern.


Subject(s)
Antibodies, Viral/immunology , BNT162 Vaccine/immunology , COVID-19/immunology , Health Personnel/statistics & numerical data , Inflammation/immunology , SARS-CoV-2/immunology , Adult , Antibodies, Viral/blood , BNT162 Vaccine/administration & dosage , Biomarkers/blood , C-Reactive Protein/immunology , C-Reactive Protein/metabolism , COVID-19/epidemiology , COVID-19/virology , Cohort Studies , Female , Humans , Immunoglobulin G/blood , Immunoglobulin G/immunology , Inflammation/virology , Kinetics , Logistic Models , Male , Middle Aged , Pandemics/prevention & control , SARS-CoV-2/physiology , Vaccination/methods , Vaccination/statistics & numerical data
3.
Eur J Paediatr Dent ; 19(1): 70-73, 2018 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29569458

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Van der Woude syndrome (VWS), an autosomal dominant condition associated with lower lip pits and/or cleft palate, is caused by mutations in the interferon regulatory factor 6 gene (lRF6 gene). The genetic alterations identified to date that contribute to expression of the syndrome are chiefly mutations located on chromosome 1 (the largest of our chromosomes), mutations at p36 that codifies the gene GRHL (grainy-head transcriptor factor) and mutations involving IRF6 (interferon regulatory factor). With frequency ranging from 1:35,000 to 1:100,000, depending on ethnicity, gender, and socio-economic status, the syndrome accounts for about 2% of orofacial clefts. The clinical and histomorphological aspects of VWS are studied, and a case of heterozygous female twins of whom only one was affected with VWS is reported. CONCLUSION: This very rare case (no similar case has been reported to date) contributes further evidence on modifying factors in the expression of this condition.


Subject(s)
Abnormalities, Multiple/diagnosis , Abnormalities, Multiple/surgery , Cleft Lip/diagnosis , Cleft Lip/surgery , Cleft Palate/diagnosis , Cleft Palate/surgery , Cysts/diagnosis , Cysts/surgery , Lip/abnormalities , Lip/surgery , Child, Preschool , Diagnosis, Differential , Female , Humans
4.
Pain Med ; 19(5): 1033-1043, 2018 05 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29016958

ABSTRACT

Background and Objectives: Multiple processes have been identified as potential contributors to chronic pain, with increasing evidence illustrating an association with aberrant levels of neuroimmune mediators. The primary objectives of the present study were to examine central nervous system cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors present in a chronic pain population and to explore patterns of the same mediator molecules over time. Secondary objectives explored the relationship of central and peripheral neuroimmune mediators while examining the levels of anxiety, depression, sleep quality, and perception of pain associated with the chronic pain patient experience. Methods: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from a population of majority postlaminectomy syndrome patients (N = 8) was compared with control CSF samples (N = 30) to assess for significant differences in 10 cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors. The patient population was then followed over time, analyzing CSF, plasma, and psychobehavioral measures. Results: The present observational study is the first to demonstrate increased mean CSF levels of interleukin-8 (IL-8; P < 0.001) in a small population of majority postlaminectomy syndrome patients, as compared with a control population. Over time in pain patients, CSF levels of IL-8 increased significantly (P < 0.001). Conclusions: These data indicate that IL-8 should be further investigated and psychobehavioral components considered in the overall chronic pain paradigm. Future studies examining the interactions between these factors and IL-8 may identify novel targets for treatment of persistent pain states.


Subject(s)
Chronic Pain/blood , Interleukin-8/blood , Laminectomy/adverse effects , Postoperative Complications/blood , Adult , Aged , Chemokines/blood , Cytokines/blood , Female , Humans , Interleukin-6/blood , Male , Middle Aged , Nervous System/physiopathology
5.
Eur J Paediatr Dent ; 17(3): 220-222, 2016 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27759411

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND Often breastfeeding problems experienced by mothers and their babies may be attributed to the abnormal attachment of the infant's tongue (ankyloglossia) and/or maxillary lip-tie. Proper breastfeeding depends upon an infant's ability to correctly latch onto its mother's breast. If born with oral soft tissue abnormalities such as tongue-tie or lip-tie, it may be almost impossible for the infant to breastfeed. During the oral evaluation of an infant presenting with breastfeeding problems, one factor that is often overlooked and undiagnosed - and thus untreated - is the attachment of the upper lip to the maxillary gingival tissue. CASE REPORT: The case is reported of tongue-tie and breastfeeding difficulties, treated with a novel technique: the diode laser (980 nm).


Subject(s)
Ankyloglossia/surgery , Laser Therapy/methods , Lasers, Semiconductor/therapeutic use , Breast Feeding , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Lingual Frenum/surgery , Speech Therapy
6.
J Pain Res ; 8: 687-94, 2015.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26504407

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Many studies have assessed the efficacy of radiofrequency ablation to denervate the facet joint as an interventional means of treating axial low-back pain. In these studies, varying procedural techniques were utilized to ablate the nerves that innervate the facet joints. To date, no comparison studies have been performed to suggest superiority of one technique or even compare the prevalence of side effects and complications. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective chart review was performed on patients who underwent a lumbar facet denervation procedure. Each patient's chart was analyzed for treatment technique (early versus advanced Australian), preprocedural visual numeric scale (VNS) score, postprocedural VNS score, duration of pain relief, and complications. RESULTS: Pre- and postprocedural VNS scores and change in VNS score between the two groups showed no significant differences. Patient-reported benefit and duration of relief was greater in the advanced Australian technique group (P=0.012 and 0.022, respectively). The advanced Australian technique group demonstrated a significantly greater median duration of relief (4 months versus 1.5 months, P=0.022). Male sex and no pain-medication use at baseline were associated with decreased postablation VNS scores, while increasing age and higher preablation VNS scores were associated with increased postablation VNS scores. Despite increasing age being associated with increased postablation VNS scores, age and the advanced Australian technique were found to confer greater patient self-reported treatment benefit. CONCLUSION: The advanced Australian technique provides a significant benefit over the early Australian technique for the treatment of lumbar facet pain, both in magnitude and duration of pain relief.

7.
Eur J Paediatr Dent ; 16(2): 139-42, 2015 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26147821

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Mucoceles are benign lesions that develop as a result of retention or extravasation of mucous material from minor salivary glands. Very uncommon in newborns and infants, they rarely may interfere with breastfeeding and compromise the respiratory function. CASE REPORT: We report a case of mucocele in a three-month-old infant in the right labial commissure excised by diode laser of different wavelengths (635-980 nm), with an average power of 1.8 W, in continuous wave mode, using 300 to 320 micron optical fibers. The healing occurred in 10 days. There were no adverse effects and the patient was carefully followed-up until complete healing. CONCLUSION: T he diode laser is not only a valuable tool for mucocele eradication but it also reduces relapses, thanks to the characteristics of the laser light.


Subject(s)
Laser Therapy/methods , Lasers, Semiconductor/therapeutic use , Lip Diseases/surgery , Mucocele/surgery , Salivary Glands, Minor/surgery , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Infant , Male , Wound Healing/physiology
8.
J Inorg Biochem ; 150: 18-27, 2015 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26072325

ABSTRACT

This work deals with the synthesis, the chemical characterization of dibutyltin(IV) complex of caffeic acid (Bu2Sn(IV)HCAF, caf1) and its cytotoxic action on tumor cells. The coordination environment at the tin center was investigated by FTIR, (119)Sn{(1)H} cross polarization magic angle spinning, electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy in the solid state and UV-vis, fluorescence and (1)H, (13)C and (119)Sn NMR spectroscopy in solution phases. Density functional theory study confirmed the proposed structures in solution phase and indicated the most probably stable conformation. The effects on viability of breast cancer MDA-MB231, colorectal cancer HCT116, hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 and Chang liver cells, an immortalized non-tumor hepatic cell line, have been investigated. The effect of a variation in structure of caf1 was found to lead to a change in the respective antiproliferative properties: caf1 induces loss of viability in HCT116, MDA-MB-231, and HepG2; the complex shows only moderate effects in non-tumor Chang liver cells. caf1 exerts lower cytotoxic activity than Bu2SnCl2, suggesting that the binding with H3CAF modulates the marked cytotoxic activity exerted by Bu2SnCl2; caf1 displays a considerably more pronounced antitumoural effect towards cell lines than caffeic acid. It is known that caffeic acid can modulate DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferases 1 (DNMT1) mediated DNA methylation. In this paper we demonstrate that caf1 treatment was able to induce a time-dependent reduction of global DNA methylated status. This effect was also confirmed by a concomitant reduction DNMT1 expression level. The effect induced by caf1 was more evident not only with respect to untreated cells but also compared to H3CAF treated cells.


Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology , Caffeic Acids/pharmacology , DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases/antagonists & inhibitors , Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology , Epigenesis, Genetic , Organotin Compounds/pharmacology , Antineoplastic Agents/chemical synthesis , Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry , Caffeic Acids/chemical synthesis , Caffeic Acids/chemistry , Cell Line, Tumor , DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferase 1 , DNA Methylation/drug effects , Enzyme Inhibitors/chemical synthesis , Enzyme Inhibitors/chemistry , Flow Cytometry , Humans , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy , Membrane Potentials/drug effects , Mitochondria/drug effects , Models, Chemical , Organotin Compounds/chemical synthesis , Organotin Compounds/chemistry , Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared
9.
Climacteric ; 18(4): 528-35, 2015.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25602168

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: This observational prospective study analyzed the effect of an incremental cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) on the secretion of salivary biomarkers of the adrenergic nervous system and hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity by measuring salivary α-amylase and cortisol diurnal trajectories in the setting of long-term hormone replacement therapy (HRT). METHODS: Fifteen healthy sedentary postmenopausal women who were current HRT users and 15 women who had never used HRT were consecutively recruited. α-Amylase and cortisol were measured in salivary samples collected on the CPET day and on a rest day. Cardiovascular and respiratory fitness parameters were recorded during the CPET challenge. RESULTS: The participants had very homogeneous somatic characteristics, and they were all in generally good health. The postmenopausal never-HRT users presented an abnormal diurnal pattern of α-amylase at baseline and a flattened response to CPET. In contrast, women on HRT had a physiological α-amylase diurnal pattern and increased salivary α-amylase production during the CPET-induced challenge. The CPET challenge physiologically activated the HPA axis activity, as shown by the increase in the concentration of salivary cortisol during the effort test. HPA axis activity was not affected by long-term HRT. Postmenopausal women using HRT exhibited a cardiorespiratory functional capacity that was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than that of non-users. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings show that healthy postmenopausal women present an asymmetry between adrenergic nervous system and HPA axis activities under both basal and stress conditions. HRT was able to modify the abnormal adrenergic nervous system activity, most likely by reducing the sympathetic hyperactivity that characterizes menopause.


Subject(s)
Estrogen Replacement Therapy , Exercise Tolerance/drug effects , Exercise/physiology , Hydrocortisone/metabolism , Menopause/drug effects , Saliva/metabolism , Salivary alpha-Amylases/metabolism , Circadian Rhythm , Exercise Test , Exercise Tolerance/physiology , Female , Humans , Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System/drug effects , Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System/metabolism , Menopause/physiology , Middle Aged , Physical Fitness , Pituitary-Adrenal System/drug effects , Pituitary-Adrenal System/metabolism , Prospective Studies
10.
Anesth Analg ; 118(6): 1326-35, 2014 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24842179

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Myofascial pain syndrome is a regional condition of muscle pain and stiffness and is classically characterized by the presence of trigger points in affected musculature. Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) has been shown to have antinociceptive properties and elicit sustained muscle relaxation, thereby possibly affording even greater relief than traditional strategies. Our goal was to determine whether direct injection of BoNT-A into painful muscle groups is effective for cervical and shoulder girdle myofascial pain. METHODS: An enriched protocol design was used, wherein 114 patients with cervical and shoulder girdle myofascial pain underwent injection of BoNT-A to determine their response to the drug. Fifty-four responders were then enrolled in a 12-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Pain scales and quality of life measures were assessed at baseline and at routine follow-up visits until completion of the study after 26 weeks. RESULTS: Injection of BoNT-A into painful muscle groups improved average visual numerical pain scores in subjects who received a second dose of BoNT-A compared to placebo (P = 0.019 [0.26, 2.78]). Subjects who received a second dose of BoNT-A had a reduced number of headaches per week (P = 0.04 [0.07, 4.55]). Brief Pain Inventory interference scores for general activity and sleep were improved (P = 0.046 [0.038, 3.700] and 0.02 [0.37, 4.33], respectively) in those who received a second dose of BoNT-A. CONCLUSION: BoNT-A injected directly into painful muscle groups improves average pain scores and certain aspects of quality of life in patients experiencing severe cervical and shoulder girdle myofascial pain.


Subject(s)
Botulinum Toxins, Type A/therapeutic use , Myofascial Pain Syndromes/drug therapy , Neck Pain/drug therapy , Neuromuscular Agents/therapeutic use , Shoulder Pain/drug therapy , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Botulinum Toxins, Type A/administration & dosage , Double-Blind Method , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Muscle, Skeletal/physiopathology , Myofascial Pain Syndromes/psychology , Neck Pain/psychology , Neuromuscular Agents/administration & dosage , Pain Measurement/drug effects , Quality of Life , Shoulder Pain/psychology , Socioeconomic Factors , Treatment Outcome , Young Adult
11.
Psychol Med ; 43(2): 279-92, 2013 Feb.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22617427

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Emotion dysregulation is a key feature of schizophrenia, a brain disorder strongly associated with genetic risk and aberrant dopamine signalling. Dopamine is inactivated by catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), whose gene contains a functional polymorphism (COMT Val158Met) associated with differential activity of the enzyme and with brain physiology of emotion processing. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether genetic risk for schizophrenia and COMT Val158Met genotype interact on brain activity during implicit and explicit emotion processing. METHOD: A total of 25 patients with schizophrenia, 23 healthy siblings of patients and 24 comparison subjects genotyped for COMT Val158Met underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging during implicit and explicit processing of facial stimuli with negative emotional valence. RESULTS: We found a main effect of diagnosis in the right amygdala, with decreased activity in patients and siblings compared with control subjects. Furthermore, a genotype × diagnosis interaction was found in the left middle frontal gyrus, such that the effect of genetic risk for schizophrenia was evident in the context of the Val/Val genotype only, i.e. the phenotype of reduced activity was present especially in Val/Val patients and siblings. Finally, a complete inversion of the COMT effect between patients and healthy subjects was found in the left striatum during explicit processing. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, these results suggest complex interactions between genetically determined dopamine signalling and risk for schizophrenia on brain activity in the prefrontal cortex during emotion processing. On the other hand, the effects in the striatum may represent state-related epiphenomena of the disorder itself.


Subject(s)
Catechol O-Methyltransferase/genetics , Emotions/physiology , Prefrontal Cortex/physiopathology , Schizophrenia/genetics , Adult , Amygdala/metabolism , Amygdala/physiopathology , Analysis of Variance , Brain Mapping , Case-Control Studies , Catechol O-Methyltransferase/metabolism , Dopamine/metabolism , Facial Expression , Female , Functional Laterality , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Genotype , Humans , Image Processing, Computer-Assisted , Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods , Male , Photic Stimulation , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/physiology , Prefrontal Cortex/metabolism , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales , Schizophrenia/metabolism , Schizophrenia/physiopathology , Siblings
12.
Eur J Radiol ; 81(7): 1527-31, 2012 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21530123

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to develop a quantitative method for breast cancer diagnosis based on elastosonography images in order to reduce whenever possible unnecessary biopsies. The proposed method was validated by correlating the results of quantitative analysis with the diagnosis assessed by histopathologic exam. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 109 images of breast lesions (50 benign and 59 malignant) were acquired with the traditional B-mode technique and with elastographic modality. Images in Digital Imaging and COmmunications in Medicine format (DICOM) were exported into a software, written in Visual Basic, especially developed to perform this study. The lesion was contoured and the mean grey value and softness inside the region of interest (ROI) were calculated. The correlations between variables were investigated and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of the proposed method. Pathologic results were used as standard reference. RESULTS: Both the mean grey value and the softness inside the ROI resulted statistically different at the t test for the two populations of lesions (i.e., benign versus malignant): p<0.0001. The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.924 (0.834-0.973) and 0.917 (0.826-0.970) for the mean grey value and for the softness respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Quantitative elastosonography is a promising ultrasound technique in the detection of breast cancer but large prospective trials are necessary to determine whether quantitative analysis of images can help to overcome some pitfalls of the methodic.


Subject(s)
Breast Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Elasticity Imaging Techniques/methods , Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted/methods , Ultrasonography, Mammary/methods , Area Under Curve , Biopsy , Breast Neoplasms/pathology , Diagnosis, Differential , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , ROC Curve , Sensitivity and Specificity , Software , Statistics, Nonparametric , User-Computer Interface
13.
Pain Med ; 11(7): 1001-9, 2010 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20642729

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The authors recently determined that early and longer term mortality after initiation or reinitiation of intrathecal opioid therapy is higher than previously appreciated: 0.088% within 3 days, 0.39% at 1 month, and 3.89% at 1 year. These rates were 7.5 (confidence interval, 5.7-9.8), 3.4 (confidence interval, 2.9-3.8), and 2.7 (confidence interval, 2.6-2.8) times higher, respectively, at each interval than expected based on the age- and gender-matched general U.S. population. A substantial portion of this excess mortality is probably therapy related and cannot be entirely accounted for by underlying demographic or patient-related factors, or by device malfunctions. We also analyzed multiple complementary internal, governmental, and insurance databases to quantify mortality and to identify medical practice patterns that appear to be associated with patient mortality risks, and to suggest measures for physicians and health care facilities to consider in order to reduce those risks. Both of those objectives involve judgments, which may be controversial and are subject to practical limitations. RESULTS: Multiple clinical and patient- or therapy-related factors appear to increase the risk for early post-implant mortality. Specific risk mitigation measures associated with each factor include: close attention to the starting intrathecal opioid dose (or restarting dose after therapy interruption); avoidance of outpatient implant or other device procedures that involve less than 24-hour monitoring for respiratory depression; supervision of concomitant opioid, respiratory depressant, or other central nervous system active drug intake early post-implant and chronically in the outpatient setting; and careful programming or dosage calculations and decisions in order to avoid the unintentional administration of high intrathecal opioid drug doses. CONCLUSIONS: Mortality after initiation of or device interventions in intrathecal drug delivery patients appears to occur as a result of multiple factors that present possible mitigation opportunities for physicians and health care facilities.


Subject(s)
Analgesics, Opioid , Injections, Spinal , Pain/drug therapy , Analgesics, Opioid/poisoning , Analgesics, Opioid/therapeutic use , Databases, Factual , Drug Overdose , Humans , Infusion Pumps, Implantable/adverse effects , Injections, Spinal/adverse effects , Injections, Spinal/mortality , Risk Factors
15.
Anesthesiology ; 111(4): 881-91, 2009 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20029253

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: In 2006, the authors observed a cluster of three deaths, which circumstances suggested were opioid-related, within 1 day after placement of intrathecal opioid pumps for noncancer pain. Further investigation suggested that mortality among such patients was higher than previously appreciated. The authors performed investigations to quantify that mortality and compare the results to control populations, including spinal cord stimulation and low back surgery. METHODS: After analyzing nine index cases--three sentinel cases and six identified by a prospective strategy--the authors used epidemiological methods to investigate whether mortality rates reflected patient- or therapy-related differences. Mortality rates after intrathecal opioid therapy and spinal cord stimulation were derived by correlating Medtronic device registration data with de-identified data from the Social Security Death Master File. Aggregate demographic and comorbidity data were obtained from Medicare and United Healthcare population databases to examine the influence of demographics and comorbidities on mortality. RESULTS: Device registration and Social Security analyses revealed an intrathecal opioid therapy mortality rate of 0.088% at 3 days after implantation, 0.39% at 1 month, and 3.89% at 1 yr-a higher mortality than after spinal cord stimulation implants or after lumbar diskectomy in community hospitals. Demographic, illness profile, and mortality analyses of large databases suggest, despite limitations, that excess mortality was related to intrathecal opioid therapy, and could not be fully explained by other factors. These findings were consistent with the nine index cases that revealed that respiratory arrest caused or contributed to death in all patients. No device malfunctions associated with overinfusion were identified among cases where data were available. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with noncancer pain treated with intrathecal opioid therapy experience increased mortality compared to similar patients treated by using other therapies. Respiratory depression as a consequence of intrathecal drug overdosage or mixed intrathecal and systemic drug interactions is one plausible, but hypothetical mechanism. The exact causes for patient deaths and the proportion of those deaths attributable to intrathecal opioid therapy remain to be determined. These findings, although based on incomplete information, suggest that it may be possible to reduce mortality in noncancer intrathecal opioid therapy patients.


Subject(s)
Analgesics, Opioid/adverse effects , Drug Implants/adverse effects , Infusion Pumps, Implantable/adverse effects , Pain/drug therapy , Pain/mortality , Spinal Cord , Analgesics, Opioid/administration & dosage , Cause of Death , Databases, Factual , Diskectomy , Drug Overdose , Electric Stimulation Therapy/mortality , Equipment Failure , Heart Arrest/chemically induced , Heart Arrest/mortality , Humans , Low Back Pain/drug therapy , Low Back Pain/mortality , Medicare/statistics & numerical data , Pain/epidemiology , Registries , Risk Factors , United States
17.
Reg Anesth Pain Med ; 34(1): 12-6, 2009.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19258982

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: : Subdural injection is a well-known but often poorly recognized complication of neuraxial anesthesia/analgesia. This report aims to further describe the clinical presentation of subdural injection by analyzing radiographically proven cases. A new diagnostic algorithm is then proposed. METHODS: : A literature search identified 70 radiographically confirmed cases of subdural injection. The prevalence of numerous presenting characteristics and their relationship to the volume of injected local anesthetics were examined. The ability of 2 previously published diagnostic paradigms to detect proven subdural injection was compared with that of a newly proposed algorithm. RESULTS: : The dermatomal distribution of sensory blockade was excessive in 74% of cases, restricted in 17%, and neither in 9%. Motor blockade and respiratory depression were associated with larger local anesthetic injection volumes (median volume = 14 vs. 8 mL [P <.009] and 15 vs. 10 mL [P <.035], respectively), but segmental spread and cardiovascular depression were not. Only 33% of cases were positive for 2 or more of Collier's criteria; Lubenow et al.'s diagnostic paradigm detected 71% of cases. We propose a diagnostic algorithm structured as a "roadmap," whereby the clinician inputs the assumed neuraxial block (epidural vs. subarachnoid), and distribution of sensory blockade (excessive, restricted, neither). Specific minor criteria are then applied to diagnose subdural injections. This algorithm detected 93% of subdurals with excessive sensory block distribution, and all of those with restricted and normal distribution. CONCLUSIONS: : Radiographically proven subdural injections were used to further define the clinical presentation of subdural analgesia/analgesia and a new diagnostic algorithm is proposed.


Subject(s)
Algorithms , Analgesia, Epidural/adverse effects , Anesthesia, Epidural/adverse effects , Intraoperative Complications/diagnostic imaging , Nerve Block/adverse effects , Subdural Space/diagnostic imaging , Catheters, Indwelling/adverse effects , Hemodynamics , Humans , Injections, Epidural/adverse effects , Intraoperative Complications/etiology , Intraoperative Complications/physiopathology , Motor Neurons , Predictive Value of Tests , Radiography , Respiratory Mechanics , Risk Assessment , Risk Factors
18.
Haemophilia ; 15(3): 779-87, 2009 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19298379

ABSTRACT

The use of ReFacto Laboratory Standard (RLS) in the one-stage clotting assay was proposed to reduce the underestimation of factor VIII (FVIII) plasma concentration after the infusion of 'ReFacto' (B-domain deleted recombinant FVIII) in haemophilia A patients. Both ReFacto and RLS were recently recalibrated, with the resulting materials containing approximately 20% more protein than the previous products. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of recalibrated RLS in the measurement of FVIII plasma concentration after the infusion of recalibrated ReFacto. In 13 severe haemophilia A patients, 25 IU kg(-1) of ReFacto were injected intravenously. Venous blood samples were collected at 0.25, 0.5, 1, 3, 6, 9, 24, 28 and 32 h after the end of the infusion. Pharmacokinetic parameters were measured for the chromogenic and one-stage assays using International Plasma Standard (IPS) and RLS for both assays and assuming a non-compartmental drug disposition. Comparisons among assays and standards were performed using anova. Pharmacokinetic estimates obtained with the chromogenic method were in agreement with those published in the literature. The one-stage method was confirmed to be more sensitive to lower plasma concentrations of FVIII. The measured maximum plasma concentration (C(max)) was slightly higher than theoretical values and independent of the assay used. C(max), area under the curve (AUC) and volume of distribution at steady state (V(ss)) presented non-significant differences among the methods and standards used. The clinical utility of RLS in the evaluation of FVIII concentration after the infusion of ReFacto seems to be reduced since recalibration of the product.


Subject(s)
Blood Coagulation Factor Inhibitors/analysis , Factor VIII/analysis , Hemophilia A/blood , Peptide Fragments/blood , Adolescent , Biological Assay , Blood Coagulation Factor Inhibitors/pharmacokinetics , Blood Coagulation Tests/standards , Child , Chromogenic Compounds , Clinical Laboratory Techniques/standards , Factor VIII/pharmacokinetics , Hemophilia A/drug therapy , Humans , Infusions, Intravenous , Male , Peptide Fragments/pharmacokinetics , Reference Standards , Reproducibility of Results
19.
J Inherit Metab Dis ; 32 Suppl 1: S11-3, 2009 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19214773

ABSTRACT

Lysosomal acid lipase (LAL) deficiency results in Wolman disease and cholesteryl ester storage disease (CESD), a more benign form. CESD is a recessive disorder characterized by hypercholesterolaemia, hypertriglyceridaemia, low blood HDL and variable phenotype, while hepatomegaly is usually evident during childhood or adolescence. An 11-year-old girl was referred to our department for combined hyperlipidaemia (total cholesterol 323, triglycerides 259 mg/dl). All family members had normal lipid profile and liver function tests. At 8 years she was admitted for acute Epstein-Barr virus infection, with hepatosplenomegaly and elevation of liver enzymes. Liver-spleen enlargement resolved, but serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase were persistently twice the upper limits, with other liver function tests within the normal range. Ultrasonography showed normal liver and spleen size and minimal hepatic steatosis. Infectious, autoimmune and metabolic causes of elevated liver enzymes were ruled out, including glycogen storage disease. Dysbetalipoproteinaemia was also ruled out (ApoE phenotype: E3E3). In the following 2 years the girl was symptom-free, BMI was at the 50th-75th centile for age and lipid profile was unchanged despite a low-fat diet. At 13 years of age, low acid lipase activity was demonstrated in leukocytes (10 nmol/h/ per mg protein, normal 140-380) and cultured skin fibroblasts (181 nmol/h per mg protein, normal 1100-2400), leading to diagnosis of CESD. CESD usually progresses to hepatic fibrosis, with high risk of premature atherosclerosis. CESD prevalence may be underestimated in the general population. The diagnosis may be considered in all subjects with atypical combined hyperlipidaemia (usually dominant in transmission or related to metabolic syndrome) and atypical 'fatty liver disease', in the absence of overweight.


Subject(s)
Cholesterol Ester Storage Disease/blood , Cholesterol Ester Storage Disease/diagnosis , Hyperlipidemia, Familial Combined/blood , Hyperlipidemia, Familial Combined/diagnosis , Child , Cholesterol Ester Storage Disease/enzymology , Comorbidity , Diagnosis, Differential , Fatty Liver/etiology , Female , Humans , Hyperlipidemia, Familial Combined/etiology , Leukocytes/enzymology , Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease , Sterol Esterase/deficiency
20.
J Chem Phys ; 128(16): 164504, 2008 Apr 28.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18447456

ABSTRACT

The microscopic structure of supercritical water-CO(2) mixture is investigated by neutron diffraction experiments exploiting the isotopic HD substitution. The investigated water reach mixtures are in the liquidlike region of the phase diagram, according to the behavior of the radial distribution functions, yet a reduction of the average number of hydrogen bonds, compared to equivalent states of pure water, is found. As a consequence, the average dimension of water clusters is reduced and the system stays below the percolation threshold. These results, along with the shift of the main peaks of the site-site radial distribution functions, suggest that the excess volume in these supercritical mixtures is likely associated with the CO(2) solvation shell.

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