ABSTRACT
The aim of this paper is to understand whether the probability of receiving positive peer reviews is influenced by having published in an independently assessed, high-ranking journal: we eventually interpret a positive relationship among peer evaluation and journal ranking as evidence that journal ratings are good predictors of article quality. The analysis is based on a large dataset of over 11,500 research articles published in Italy in the period 2004-2010 in the areas of architecture, arts and humanities, history and philosophy, law, sociology and political sciences. These articles received a score by a large number of externally appointed referees in the context of the Italian research assessment exercise (VQR); similarly, journal scores were assigned in a panel-based independent assessment, which involved all academic journals in which Italian scholars have published, carried out under a different procedure. The score of an article is compared with that of the journal it is published in: more specifically, we first estimate an ordered probit model, assessing the probability for a paper of receiving a higher score, the higher the score of the journal; in a second step, we concentrate on the top papers, evaluating the probability of a paper receiving an excellent score having been published in a top-rated journal. In doing so, we control for a number of characteristics of the paper and its author, including the language of publication, the scientific field and its size, the age of the author and the academic status. We add to the literature on journal classification by providing for the first time a large scale test of the robustness of expert-based classification.
ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Hepatic steatosis is frequently observed in subjects with metabolic syndrome (MS). In type 2 diabetics, it is independently associated with cardiovascular diseases. In order to confirm and extend this finding, a large group of patients with risk factors for atherosclerosis was studied. METHODS: Carotid atherosclerosis was investigated by echo-Doppler, and hepatic steatosis by ultrasound and transaminase values. Strict exclusion criteria were chosen in order to avoid secondary forms of fatty liver and interference on transaminase values. RESULTS: Among 970 enrolled patients, about 20% were diabetics, half had MS and 76% presented echographic hepatic steatosis. In multivariate analyses, fatty liver and MS were associated with carotid atherosclerosis [odds ratio (95% confidence intervals) 2.15 (1.27-3.63) and 1.72(1.12-2.64), respectively], whereas HOMA index was not. Aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase were not independently associated with carotid atherosclerosis, whereas gamma-glutamyl transferase showed a link with atherosclerosis beyond MS and steatosis presence. The analyses of the 780 non diabetics recruited showed similar results. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study demonstrate that hepatic steatosis measured by echography is associated with carotid atherosclerosis in a large population mostly carrying cardiovascular or metabolic risk factors, independently of MS, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus and/or insulin resistance.
Subject(s)
Carotid Artery Diseases/etiology , Fatty Liver/complications , Metabolic Syndrome/complications , Adult , Alanine Transaminase/metabolism , Aspartate Aminotransferases/metabolism , Carotid Artery Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Carotid Artery Diseases/physiopathology , Fatty Liver/diagnostic imaging , Fatty Liver/physiopathology , Female , Homeostasis , Humans , Male , Metabolic Syndrome/physiopathology , Middle Aged , Multivariate Analysis , Risk Factors , Ultrasonography, Doppler/methods , gamma-Glutamyltransferase/metabolismABSTRACT
O teste sociometrico criado por Moreno, foi mudado ao longo do tempo. No momento, quando utilizado para finalidades terapeuticas, ele introduz altos valores demonstrados pelo Teste Perceptual (Emissao, Percepcao e Indices 'Telico' e 'Telico Grupal'). A real forma para reconhecer estes indices criado por Bustos, atende a finalidade de demonstracao grafica, util a pessoas com maiores facilidades de compreensao na forma grafica. Este estudo: - fundamenta a importancia perceptual conectando os indices de emissao e percepcao com a teoria geral da comunicacao, demonstrando em detalhes as informacoes de apoio para avaliacao do teste sociometrico; - trabalha, com precisao, a forma grafica criada por Bustos, para reconhecimento dos indices, ligados a aplicacao de Teste Perceptual; - demonstra uma forma variada usada em licoes da Associacao Brasileira de Psicodrama e Sociodrama; - cria uma nova forma para reconhecimento de indices: a FORMA DE RECONHECIMENTO TABULAR, que consiste na elaboracao de um esquema, contendo todas as informacoes necessarias para reconhecimento da Emissao, Percepcao e Indices 'Telico' e 'Telico' Grupal; - faz uma pequena comparacao entre ambos.
