ABSTRACT
To investigate percutaneous exposures to HIV in the highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) era, we performed an analysis of all percutaneous exposures reported from January 1994 to December 1998 in 18 Italian acute-care hospitals. Frequency and rate per 100 prevalent AIDS cases of HIV exposures decreased by 40% (from 4.3% to 2.6%, and from 1.0% to 0.6%, respectively; p<0.001), which were mainly those related to the insertion/manipulation of peripheral vascular access devices (from 7.2% to 4.8%; p=0.05). We conclude that the benefits of HAART have changed the complexity of care required and therefore, the number and type of procedures performed on HIV patients that place the HCW at risk of injury.
Subject(s)
Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active , HIV Infections/prevention & control , Health Personnel , Occupational Exposure , HIV Infections/transmission , HumansABSTRACT
The in vitro effects of solutions of nifedipine on hemoglobin-oxygen affinity and electrolyte distribution between plasma and red cells were evaluated. Nifedipine did not show any effect on P50, nor in function of plasmatic pH, nor in function of intraerythrocytic pH. Red cell content of 2,3 DPG remained unchanged. There were no shifts of Na+, K+, Ca++ and Cl- between plasma and red cells.
Subject(s)
Hemoglobins/metabolism , Nifedipine/pharmacology , Water-Electrolyte Balance/drug effects , Erythrocyte Membrane/metabolism , Humans , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , In Vitro Techniques , Oxygen/bloodABSTRACT
The in vitro effects of a solution of fructose-1,6-diphosphate on hemoglobin-oxygen affinity and electrolyte distribution between plasma and red cells were evaluated. Fructose-1,6-diphosphate increased intracellular pH and decreased extracellular pH. There were no shifts in Na+, K+, Ca++ and Cl- between plasma and red cells. Red cell content of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate remained unchanged, while P50 was reduced (as a consequence of the intracellular alkalosis). The therapeutical implications of these results are discussed.
Subject(s)
Electrolytes/blood , Fructosediphosphates/pharmacology , Hexosediphosphates/pharmacology , Oxygen/blood , 2,3-Diphosphoglycerate , Diphosphoglyceric Acids/blood , Glycolysis/drug effects , Humans , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , In Vitro Techniques , Phosphates/pharmacologyABSTRACT
The in vitro effects of a pentoxifylline solution on hemoglobin-oxygen affinity and electrolytic distribution between plasma and red blood cells were evaluated. Pentoxifylline increased intracellular pH and decreased extracellular pH. There were no exchanges of Na+, K+, Ca++ and Cl- between plasma and red blood cells. Red blood cell content of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate remained unchanged, while P50 was reduced as a consequence of the intracellular alkalosis. The possible implications of the metabolic effects of pentoxifylline on red blood cell deformability and 2,3-diphosphoglycerate content in vivo are discussed.
