ABSTRACT
The academic interest in analyzing the correlates of sports participation in several countries has increased recently. Nevertheless, in developing countries, which do not monitor sportive data, this type of investigation is still scarce. This study aims to analyze socioeconomic, motivational, and supportive factors related to sports participation in Brazil. Data from the 2015 National Household Survey-Supplementary Questionnaire of Sports and Physical Activities are examined. In the survey, 71,142 individuals older than 15 years were interviewed (mean age 43.12 years; 53.83% women and 46.17% men). Logistic regression is used for analyzing the data. Results demonstrate a low participation in sports (23.38%). Sports participation declines with increasing age (2% less per year), increases with higher educational level (graduated 5.9 times more), and males prevail in the sporting context (2.3 times more). The main obstacle to women's participation is the lack of sports facilities, and for men the lack of time and health problems. Men practice sports mainly due to socialization, fun, and competition, and women due to medical recommendation. Soccer was the most practiced sport (28.1%), predominating among men. Public policies on sports promotion for fun and socialization may increase male participation, and investments in sports facilities may increase female participation.
Subject(s)
Exercise , Sports , Adolescent , Adult , Brazil , Family Characteristics , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Motivation , Socioeconomic Factors , Surveys and Questionnaires , Young AdultABSTRACT
A suplementação de creatina apresenta ação ergogênica na força muscular. Entretanto, não há consenso deste efeito na força isométrica máxima e na amplitude do eletromiograma (EMG). Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi analisar os efeitos da suplementação de creatina na força isométrica máxima e na amplitude do EMG em mulheres fisicamente ativas. Vinte e sete mulheres (idade 23,04 ± 1,82 anos, massa corporal 58,37 ± 6,10kg, estatura 1,63 ± 0,05m e índice de massa corporal 21,93 ± 2,02kg/m²) foram designadas aleatoriamente para os grupos creatina (GCr) (n = 13) e placebo (GPL) (n = 14), os quais ingeriram diariamente, durante seis dias, 20g de creatina mono-hidratada e 20g de maltodextrina, respectivamente. Antes e depois da suplementação, a força foi medida em um dinamômetro isométrico durante contração isométrica voluntária máxima (CIVM) de extensão unilateral do joelho (três séries de 6s intervaladas por 180s), com captação simultânea dos valores root mean square (RMS) do EMG obtido no músculo vasto lateral. A ANOVA de dois critérios de classificação (dois momentos x dois grupos) e o teste de Wilcoxon foram utilizados na análise estatística dos dados paramétricos e não paramétricos (p < 0,05). Após a suplementação, o GCr aumentou significativamente a força, com incrementos de 7,85 por cento (p = 0,002), 7,31 por cento (p = 0,001) e 5,52 por cento (p = 0,001) para a primeira, segunda e terceira séries, respectivamente. Para este mesmo grupo, os valores RMS aumentaram significativamente na terceira série (p = 0,026). O GPL não apresentou alterações significativas. Os resultados sugerem que a suplementação de creatina aumenta a força isométrica máxima e que a amplitude do EMG pode ser utilizada como indicador dessas alterações de desempenho.
Creatine supplementation has shown to enhance muscular strength. However, there is not a consensus on this effect on maximal isometric strength neither on electromyogram (EMG) amplitude. Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze the creatine supplementation effects on maximal isometric strength and EMG amplitude in physically active women. 27 women (age 23.04 ± 1.82 years, body mass 58.37 ± 6.10kg, height 1.63±0.05m and body mass index 21.93 ± 2.02kg/m²) were randomly assigned in creatine (CrG) (n = 13) or placebo group (PLG) (n = 14). The CrG and PLG ingested 20g/day of creatine and 20g/day of maltodextrin during six days, respectively. The strength was measured before and after supplementation using a isometric dynamometer during a maximal isometric voluntary contraction (MIVC) of a unilateral knee extension (3 sets of 6s with 180s rest period), and the EMG was acquired from the vastus lateralis muscle and its amplitude quantified using the root mean square (RMS) values. Two-way ANOVA (2 groups x 2 moments) was used for parametric data and Wilcoxon test for non-parametric analysis (p < 0.05). After supplementation, CrG significantly enhanced strength, with increase of 7.85 percent (p = 0.002); 7.31 percent (p = 0.001) and 5.52 percent (p = 0.000) for the first, second and third trials, respectively. In CrG, the RMS values significantly increased on the third trial (p = 0.026). No changes were found in GPL. Results suggest that creatine supplementation enhance maximal isometric strength and EMG amplitude can be useful to identify these performance modifications.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Young Adult , Creatine/pharmacology , Electromyography , Muscle StrengthABSTRACT
Objetivos: Realizou-se um estudo transversal, com amostra intencionalde 62 crianças de João Pessoa (Paraíba, Brasil), de ambos os sexos, com idades entre 3 e 8 anos a partir da livre demanda do serviço de acompanhamento nutricional de uma Unidade Básica de Saúde, como objetivo de estimar a prevalência de pressão arterial elevada, sendopesquisada a associação de Hipertensão Arterial com idade, gênero,estado nutricional, padrão alimentar, antecedentes familiares da doença e execução de atividade física. Material e Métodos: A pressão arterialfoi mensurada conforme os parâmetros do Update on the 1987 TaskForce Report on High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents.Definiu-se sobrepeso e obesidade como índice de massa corpóreasuperior aos percentis 85 e 95 para idade e sexo, respectivamente.Realizou-se inquérito alimentar com as crianças que apresentaramhipertensão arterial ou estavam em nível limítrofe. . Tanto os horáriosdas refeições, como as quantidades ingeridas e as formas depreparação foram investigados. Foi observado sobrepeso em 6,45%das crianças e 14,51% encontravam-se obesas. Resultados: Foramobservados dois casos (3,2%) de hipertensão e seis casos (9,7%)foram classificados como limítrofes. Estas tinham parente direto quejá havia diagnosticado a doença. O inquérito alimentar reveloucaracterísticas negativas que favorecem o aparecimento dahipertensão, dislipidemias, obesidade e doenças cardiovasculares.Detectou-se alta prevalência de crianças entre três e oito anos comníveis pressóricos elevados. O sobrepeso e a obesidade tambémforam observados em altas prevalências. Conclusão: Sugere-se forteassociação do excesso de peso com a presença de hipertensão nainfância, bem como dos outros fatores de risco como os antecedentesfamiliares, padrão alimentar, principalmente a alta ingestão de sódioe gorduras, e o sedentarismo.
Objective: A cross sectional study was carried out to assess highblood pressure prevalence amongst children between 3 to 8 years oldusing an intentional sample of 62 children. The objective of this studywas to assess the prevalence and associating factors of high bloodpressure such as nutritional status, dietary pattern, family story ofthe disease and physical activity, amongst these children from JoaoPessoa city, in Northeastern Brazil. Inclusion criterion was living inthe neighborhood area of a Primary Health Care Unit and to beassisted by the nutritional surveillance service. Material and Methods:Blood pressure was measured according to the Update on the 1987Task Force Report on High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents.Body Mass Index evaluated the nutritional status: over 85 percentilewas considered overweight and over 95 percentile by age and sexwas considered obesity. An investigation regarding questions aboutqualitative and quantitative food intake, timetable meals, food cookingmethods, family hypertension occurrence and level of practicedphysical activity was performed to the children who showed highblood pressure. Results: Two cases (3.2%) of hypertension werefound on evaluated children and six (9.7%) of the cases wereconsidered borderline. Those had immediate family cases of thedisease. The dietary survey revealed negative characteristics thatfavor the appearance of hypertension, dyslipidemia, obesity andcardiovascular disease. It was detected a high prevalence of childrenbetween three and eight years with high blood pressure. Overweightand obesity also had high prevalence. Conclusion: It is believed thatthere is a strong association of overweight with hypertension inchildhood, as well as other risk factors such as family history, dietarypatterns, especially the high intake of sodium and fat, and a sedentary lifestyle.
