Campomanesia xanthocarpa (Mart.) O. Berg essential oil induces antileishmanial activity and remodeling of the cytoplasm organelles.

Leishmaniasis is a neglected disease that affects millions of people worldwide. This study aimed to analyze antileishmanial activity of Campomanesia xanthocarpa leaf essential oil (EO) on promastigote and amastigote forms of Leishmania amazonensis, cytotoxicity in murine macrophages and sheep erythrocytes. The essential oil (EO) was analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrophotometry. The main and most abundant compounds were sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (71.22%) such as trans-caryophyllene (7.87%), bicyclogermacrene (11.28%), and δ-cadinene (8.34%). The IC50 for promastigote and amastigote forms of L. amazonensis was 70 µg mL-1 and 6 µg mL-1, respectively. C. xanthocarpa EO was not cytotoxic for murine macrophages (CC50 1860 µg mL-1) and sheep erythrocytes (1.5%), presenting high selectivity index for protozoan (310). C. xanthocarpa EO induced effects on the morphology and ultrastructure of this parasite. The high activity for intracellular amastigote forms, low toxicity to murine macrophages, and erythrocytes, suggest that C. xanthocarpa EO is promising for the treatment of leishmaniasis.

Screening of six medicinal plant species for antileishmanial activity.

This study is aimed to investigate the in vitro anti-leishmanial activity of ethanolic, aqueous or dichloromethane extracts of leaves, flowers, fruits or roots, of six medicinal plant species, namely, Nectandra megapotamica, Brunfelsia uniflora, Myrcianthes pungens, Anona muricata, Hymenaea stigonocarpa and Piper corcovandesis. After isolation and analysis of chemical components by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS/MS), the extracts were also tested for toxicity in J774.A1 macrophages and human erythrocytes. Phenolic acids, flavonoids, acetogenins, alkaloids and lignans were identified in these extracts. Grow inhibition of promastigotes forms of Leishmania amazonensis and Leishmania braziliensis and the cytotoxicity in J774.A1 macrophages were estimated by the XTT method. The most promising results for L. amazonensis and L. braziliensis were shown by the ethanolic extract of the fruits of Hymenaea stigonocarpa and dichloromethane extract of the roots of Piper corcovadensis, with IC 50 of 160 and 150 µg mL-1, resp. Ethanolic extracts of A. muricata (leaf), B. uniflora (flower and leaf), M. pungens (fruit and leaf), N. megapotamica (leaf), and aqueous extract of H. stigonocarpa (fruit) showed IC 50 > 170 µg mL-1 for L. amazonensis and > 200 µg mL-1 for L. braziliensis. The extracts exhibited low cytotoxicity towards J774.A1 macrophages with CC 50 > 1000 µg mL-1 and hemolytic activity from 0 to 46.1 %.

Effect of essential oils on Leishmania amazonensis: a systematic review.

This systematic review investigated the evidence for the therapeutic potential of essential oils (EOs) against Leishmania amazonensis. We searched available scientific publications from 2005 to 2019 in the PubMed and Web of Science electronic databases, according to PRISMA statement. The search strategy utilized descriptors and free terms. The EOs effect of 35 species of plants identified in this systematic review study, 45.7% had half of the maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) 10 < IC50 ⩽ 50 µg mL-1 and 14.3% had a 10 < IC50µg mL-1 for promastigote forms of L. amazonensis. EOs from Cymbopogon citratus species had the lowest IC50 (1.7 µg mL-1). Among the plant species analyzed for activity against intracellular amastigote forms of L. amazonensis, 39.4% had an IC50 10 < IC50 ⩽ 50 µg mL-1, and 33.3% had an IC50 10 < IC50µg mL-1. Aloysia gratissima EO showed the lowest IC50 (0.16 µg mL-1) for intracellular amastigotes. EOs of Chenopodium ambrosioides, Copaifera martii and Carapa guianensis, administered by the oral route, were effective in reducing parasitic load and lesion volume in L. amazonensis-infected BALB/c mice. EOs of Bixa orellana and C. ambrosioides were effective when administered intraperitoneally. Most of the studies analyzed in vitro and in vivo for the risk of bias showed moderate methodological quality. These results indicate a stimulus for the development of new phytotherapy drugs for leishmaniasis treatment.

Essential oil and fractions isolated of Laurel to control adults and larvae of cattle ticks.

This study, was to evaluate the acaricidal effect of the essential oil (EO) and fractions (FR) obtained from Laurus nobilis leaves on Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. Eight fractions were obtained, however FR1: sabinene (37.83%), ß-pinene (13.50%), 1,8-cineole (12.66%), α-pinene (12.56%) and FR8: α-terpineol (79.19%) were highlighted as to the larvicidal potential when submitted by Larval Packet Test. The EO was tested by the Adult Immersion Test, at concentrations of 200.00; 100.00 and 50.00 µL/mL caused mortality of engorged females, egg mass reduction and hatching inhibition. Two fractions are shown to be efficient in controlling larvae FR8 (LC50 = 0.13 µL/mL, LC99 = 0.51 µL/mL) and FR1 (LC50 = 0.20 µL/mL, LC99 = 0.56 µL/mL). The fractionation of EO was determinant to elucidate which compounds were responsible for the larvicidal potential. This study opens new perspectives to direct new bioassays with the compounds obtained in the fractionation, since they present high potential on cattle tick larvae.

Therapeutic Effects of Medicinal Plants on Cutaneous Wound Healing in Humans: A Systematic Review.

The pharmaceutical industry has made great strides in providing drugs that are able to stimulate the healing process, but only 1-3% of all drugs that are listed in Western pharmacopoeias are intended for use on the skin or cutaneous wounds. Of these, at least one-third are obtained from plants. We sought to review the therapeutic effects of medicinal plants on human skin lesions. For this systematic review, we searched the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases to identify clinical trials that were published from 1997 to 2017. We reviewed studies that described the use of medicinal plants for the treatment of skin lesions in humans. Ten studies were selected, eight of which were published from 2007 to 2016, with a total of 503 patients. Among the plant species that were used for the treatment of human skin lesions, 12 belonged to 11 families and were included in the analysis. All of the plant species that were studied presented high therapeutic potential for the treatment of cutaneous lesions.

American tegumentary leishmaniasis: diagnostic and treatment challenges in a clinical case.

This clinical case presents a patient with a raised and ulcerative lesion with erythematous edges in the mouth, on the lower lip that was unsuccessfully treated as herpes labialis. Clinical data and laboratory tests (Montenegro skin test, indirect immunofluorescence, direct parasite search and polymerase chain reaction) led to the diagnosis of American tegumentary leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania (Viannia) sp. Treatment with pentavalent antimonial (Glucantime®) for 120 days was not effective and administration of amphotericin B for 30 days resulted in wound healing. Glucantime® treatment protocol was longer than the recommended by the Brazilian Ministry of Health in the handbook of mucosal leishmaniasis. This suggests that amphotericin B should have been administered earlier, preventing the psychological and social problems faced by the patient. This study reports a rare clinical case of primary mucosal leishmaniasis on the lip that had a delayed diagnosis, highlighting the precariousness in the management of disease and showing that, despite the importance of leishmaniasis in Brazil, it is still neglected by health professionals.

Análises das propriedades físicas e antimicrobianas de filmes a base de amigo contendo óleo essencial de Tetradenia riparia (Hochst.) Codd e Rosmarinus officinalis L. - Lamiaceae / Analysis of physical and antimicrobial properties of films based on starch containing Tetradonia riparia (Hochst.) and Rosmarinus officinalis L Clodd - Lamiaceae essential oil / Análisis de las propiedades físicas y antimicrobianas de películas a base de almidón conteniendo aceite esencial de Tetradenia riparia (Hochst.) Codd e Rosmarinus officinalis L. - Lamiaceae

Objetivando reduzir os impactos ambientais decorrentes do acúmulo de plásticos sintéticos, estão sendo desenvolvidas embalagens derivadas de polímeros renováveis, os chamados filmes biodegradáveis. Empregados na cobertura de produtos desidratados e frescos são capazes de conservar suas características sensoriais, valor nutritivo e evitar o desenvolvimento de micro-organismos (MO). Com este intuito, foram produzidos filmes com amido acetilado, gelatina e plastificante impregnados com óleos essenciais de Tetradenia riparia (Hochst.) Codd e Rosmarinus officinalis nas concentrações de 0,25; 0,5; 1; 2 e 3% (em relação à massa total do filme). Os parâmetros avaliados foram a espessura, solubilidade, opacidade e a capacidade de inibição microbiana frente aos micro-organismos Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus e Candida albicans. Após a adição do óleo, observou-se redução na espessura nos filmes contendo R. officinalis quando comparados ao controle negativo (CN). Já nos filmes com T. riparia, os valores foram semelhantes ao CN, indicando melhor compatibilidade entre reagentes dos filmes a esse óleo. As solubilidades desses filmes aumentaram ao incorporar os óleos, exceto nos filmes com 0,25 e 1% do óleo de T. riparia, em que os valores ficaram próximos ao CN. A opacidade dos filmes com óleo de R. officinalis aumentou com o aumento da concentração deste óleo na composição do filme, porém nos filmes com T. Riparia, ocorreu o contrário a opacidade diminuiu com o acréscimo deste óleo nos filmes. Quanto ao filme incorporado com cloranfenicol, nos três parâmetros não houve diferenças significativas ao compará-lo com o CN. No teste microbiológico, para todos os filmes analisados, os MO demonstraram resistência comparados aos halos formados pelo controle positivo. Portanto, novos estudos deverão ser realizados, objetivando aumentar a compatibilidade dos filmes com os óleos, bem como novos óleos poderão ser analisados.

In order to reduce the environmental impacts resulting from the accumulation of synthetic plastic, packaging derived from renewable polymers are being developed, which are known as biodegradable films. Used in dried and fresh products, they are able to retain their sensory characteristics and nutritional value, as well as preventing the development of microorganisms (MO). For this purpose, films with acetylated starch, gelatin and plasticizer impregnated with Tetradenia riparia (Hochst.) Codd and Rosmarinus officinalis essential oils at concentrations of 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2 and 3% (relative to the total weight of the film) have been developed. This paper assessed the thickness, solubility, opacity and the capacity to inhibit Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans in these films. After the addition of oil, a decrease in the thickness of film incorporated with R. officinalis could be observed when compared to the negative control (NC). However, the film incorporated with T. riparia, the values were similar to the NC, indicating better compatibility between the film reagents and this oil. The solubility of these films increased when the oils were incorporated, except for the films with concentration of 0.25 and 1% of T. riparia oil, in which the values were close to the NC. The opacity of the films with R. officinalis oil increased with the increase in the concentration of oil in the composition of the film. However, in the films with T. riparia, the opposite could be noticed, that is, the opacity decreased with the addition of this oil in the films. For the films with chloramphenicol, there were no significant differences for the three parameters measured when compared to the NC. In the microbiological test, for all films analyzed, the MO showed resistance compared to the inhibition formed by the positive control. Therefore, further studies should be conducted in order to increase the compatibility of the films with the oils, as well as analyzing new oils;

Avaliação in vitro do extrato alcoólico da própolis para o controle do Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus / An in vitro assessment of the alcoholic extract in propolis for the control of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus / Evaluación in vitro de extracto alcoholico de propóleos para el control del Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus

Própolis é uma substância resinosa obtida pelas abelhas de diversas partes da planta e vem sendo utilizada desde a antiguidade devido seu amplo espectro de atividade biológica. A infestação em animais de grande porte por Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus é uma problemática nos dias atuais, em que se utiliza para sua eliminação medicamentos que causam a contaminação do animal, e dos seus subprodutos. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar in vitro a atividade do extratoalcoólico da própolis no combate ao carrapato da espécie Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus em vacas leiteiras da raça holandesa pertencentes a uma propriedade rural no município de Icaraíma- Paraná. O experimento foi inteiramente casualisado, os testes consistiram na comparação da postura e eclosão dos ovos de animais tratados com extrato alcoólico de própolis nas concentrações de 50%, 25%, 12,5% e 6,25%, no qual a concentração de 50% foi a mais eficiente, obtendo uma margem de 99,10% de eficácia; enquanto as concentrações de 25%, 12,5% e 6,25%, obtiveram uma eficácia de 73,53%, 77,07% e 50,93% respectivamente. Os resultados mostraram uma maior sensibilidade dos carrapatos à concentrações mais elevadas. A própolis pode ser uma opção de tratamento, podendo ser utilizado como uma fonte para atividade carrapaticida devido às suas inúmeras substâncias funcionais.

Propolis is a resinous substance obtained by bees from several parts of the plants and it has been used since ancient times due to its broad biological activity spectrum. Large-sized animals infested with Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus are nowadays considered a problem, and in order to eliminate the infestation, medicines and byproducts are used, which can cause animal contamination. The present study has the purpose of evaluating the in vitro activity of the alcohol extract in propolis in combating ticks from Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus species in Holstein cows belonging to a small farm in Icaraima- Paraná. The experiment was completely randomized, the assays consisted in the comparison of the laying and hatching of eggs in animals treated with the alcoholic extract from propolis in the concentrations of 50%, 25%,12. 5% and 6.25%. The concentration of 50% was the most efficient, yielding a margin of 99.10% efficiency. Meanwhile, the concentrations of 25%, 12,5% and 6.25%, had an efficiency of 73.53%, 77.07% and 50.93%, respectively. The results showed a greater sensitivity of ticks to the higher concentrations. Propolis, therefore, can be an treatment option, and can be used as a source of acaricide activity because of its several functional substances.

Propóleos es una sustancia resinosa obtenida por las abejas a partir de diferentes partes de la planta y se ha utilizado desde la antigüedad debido a su amplio espectro de actividad biológica. La infestación en animales de gran porte por Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus es un problema hoy en día, porque el tratamiento consiste en el uso de medicamentos que causan la contaminación del animal, y de sus derivados. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la actividad in vitro del extracto alcohólico de propóleos para combatir la especie de garrapata Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus en vacas lecheras de la raza holandesa pertenecientes e una propiedad rural en el municipio de Icaraíma-Paraná. El experimento fue totalmente aleatorizado, pruebas consistieron en la comparación de la postura y eclosión de los huevos de animales tratados con extracto alcohólico de propóleos en concentraciones de 50%, 25%, 12. 5% y 6,25%, donde la concentración de 50% fue la más eficiente, obteniendo un margen de 99,10% de eficacia; mientras que las concentraciones de 25%, 12,5% y 6,25%, alcanzaron una eficacia de 73,53%, 77,07% y 50 93%, respectivamente. Los resultados mostraron mayor sensibilidad de las garrapatas a concentraciones más elevadas. Propóleos puede ser una opción de tratamiento, pudiendo ser utilizado como una fuente para actividad acaricida debido a sus numerosas sustancias funcionales.

Determinação da atividade antifúngica dos óleos essenciais de curcuma longa l. (zingiberaceae) e de achillea millefolium (asteraceae) cultivadas no noroeste do Paraná / Determination of antifungal activity of essential oils of curcuma longa l. (zingiberaceae) and achillea millefolium (asteraceae) grown in the northwest paraná

No presente estudo, utilizou-se o óleo essencial das plantas Curcuma longa L. e Achillea millefolium, cultivadas no Horto Medicinal da Universidade Paranaense, localizado na cidade de Umuarama-PR região Noroeste do Paraná-Brasil. Para isso, os óleos foram obtidos pelo processo de extração por Clevenger modificado, e determinada a ação antimicrobiana frente a 20 cepas de microorganismos isolados de material clínico humano, sendo 16 leveduras da espécie Candida albicans isoladas da cavidade oral de pacientes portadores do Vírus da Imunodeficiência Adquirida (HIV), 3 leveduras isoladas de candidíase vulvovaginal (C. albicans, C. glabrata e C. tropicalis) e uma amostra de S. aureus isolado de lesões cutâneas. Por intermédio dos testes de microdiluição em caldo, os óleos de Achillea millefolium e de Curcuma longa demonstraram ação antimicrobiana considerada moderada (0,625 mg mL-1) em 63,2% e 68,4% das leveduras testadas, respectivamente. Ambos os óleos não apresentaram atividade frente ao S. aureus. Desta forma, sugere-se estudos adicionais para uso na incorporação dos óleos em formas farmacêuticas, com vistas ao uso no tratamento tópico de Candidíase mucocutânea.

It was used in this research the essential oil of the plants Curcuma longa and Achillea millefolium cultivated on the Medicinal garden of Universidade Paranense located on the city of Umuarama-PR. The oils were obtained by the process of steam distillation and was determined the microbial activity against 20 microorganisms isolated from clinical human material, being 16 yeasts of Candida albicans species isolated from the oral cavity from patients infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), 3 yeasts isolated from vulvovaginal candidiasis (C. albicans, C. glabrata and C. tropicalis) and one sample of S. aureus isolated from skin injuries. Through broth microdilution tests, the oils of Achillea millefolium and Curcuma longa showed moderated action (0,625 mg mL-1) on 63,2% e 68,4% of tested yeasts, respectively. Both Oils didn?t show activity against S. aureus. Therefore it is suggested further studies for use in the incorporation of oils in dosage forms with a view to use in the topical treatment of mucocutaneous candidiasis.

Efficiency of tick biotherapic on the control of infestation by Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus in Dutch dairy cows / Eficiência de bioterápico de carrapato no controle da infestação por rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus em vacas leiteiras de raça holandesa / Eficiencia de bioterápico de garrapata para control de la infestación por Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus en vacas lecheras de raza holandesa

Background: cattle tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus poses serious problems for farmers in Brazil, especially because the parasite easily develops resistance to pesticide agents. For this reason, together with other factors including environmental, human and animal contamination and costs, alternative approaches have been sought for. Aims: this study sough to evaluate the efficiency of a tick biotherapic on tick-infested cows. Methods: 34 dairy Dutch cows were divided in 2 groups: one group received 100g/day of mineral salt supplement impregnated with tick biotherapic 12cH for 6 months, and then in alternate days with tick biotherapic 30cH to complete 28 months of treatment; the other group (control) received only the mineral salt supplement. After 28 months of treatment, engorged Rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus females were collected in both groups, counted and weighed; in vitro tests were carried out to assess mass of ticks; egg mass; egg-hatching rate; and reproductive efficiency. Results: There was significant difference between both groups for all parameters evaluated; tick-mass (p = 0.0008); egg mass (p=0.0044); egg-hatching rate (p= 0.0017); and reproductive efficiency (p = 0.0044). Conclusion: treatment with tick biotherapic significantly decreased the mass of engorged females, deposition and hatching rate of eggs, resulting consequently in the decrease of the reproductive efficiency of ticks.(AU)

Introdução: os carrapatos do gado Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus representam um sério problema para os criadores brasileiros, especialmente porque desenvolvem rapidamente resistência aos pesticidas. Por isso, junto a outros fatores incluindo contaminação ambiental, humana e animal, assim como os custos, têm sido procuradas abordagens alternativas. Objetivos: avaliar a eficiência de um bioterápico desenvolvido a partir de carrapatos em vacas infestadas. Métodos: 34 vacas leiteiras de raça holandesa foram divididas em 2 grupos; um recebeu 100 mg/dia de suplemento salino mineral impregnado com o bioterápico 12cH durante 6 meses e após 30cH em dias alternos até completar 28 meses de tratamento; o outro grupo (controle) recebeu só o suplemento mineral. Após 28 meses de tratamento foram coletadas fêmeas ingurgitadas do carrapato em ambos os grupos, contadas e pesadas, e foram realizados testes in vitro para determinar a massa de parasitas; massa de ovos; taxa de eclosão dos ovos; e eficiência reprodutiva. Resultados: houve diferença significativa entre ambos os grupos em todos os parâmetros avaliados ? massa de parasitas (p=0,0008); massa de ovos (p=0,0044); taxa de eclosão de ovos (p=0,0017) e eficácia reprodutiva (0,0044). Conclusão: o tratamento com bioterápico de carrapato diminuiu significativamente a massa de fêmeas ingurgitadas e a deposição e taxa de eclosão, resultando, consequentemente, na diminuição da eficiência reprodutiva dos carrapatos.(AU)

Introducción: la garrapata del ganado Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus produce serios problemas a los hacenderos brasileños especialmente porque desarrolla rápidamente resistencia a los agentes pesticidas. Por este motivo, asociado a otros factores como contaminación ambiental, humana y animal y los costos, se buscan abordajes alternativos. Objetivos: este estudio buscó evaluar la eficiencia de un bioterápico preparado de garrapatas en vacas infestadas. Métodos: 34 vacas lecheras de raza holandesa fueron divididas en 2 grupos; uno recibió 100 mg/día de suplemento mineral impregnado con bioterápico 12cH durante 6 meses y después, en días alternados hasta completar 28 meses de tratamiento; el otro recibió apenas el suplemento mineral (control). Después de 28 meses de tratamiento, garrapatas hembra ingurgitadas fueron recogidas en ambos grupos, contadas y pesadas; fueron realizados pruebas in vitro para medir la masa de garrapatas; la masa de huevos, la tasa de eclosión de huevos y la eficiencia reproductiva. Resultados: hubo diferencias significativas entre los 2 grupos en todos los parámetros evaluados ? masa de garrapatas (p=0,0008), masa de huevos (p=0,0044), tasa de eclosión de huevos (p=0,0017) y eficiencia reproductiva (p=0,0044). Conclusión: el tratamiento con bioterápico de garrapata redujo significativamente la masa de hembras ingurgitadas y la deposición y eclosión de huevos, resultando en disminución de la eficacia reproductiva de las garrapatas.(AU)

Efficiency of tick biotherapic on the control of infestation by rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus in dutch dairy cows / Eficiência de bioterápico de carrapato no controle da infestação por rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus em vacas leiteiras de raça holandesa / Eficiencia de bioterápico de garrapata para control de la infestación por Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus en vacas lecheras de raza holandesa

Background: cattle tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus poses serious problems for farmers in Brazil, especially because the parasite easily develops resistance to pesticide agents. For this reason, together with other factors including environmental, human and animal contamination and costs, alternative approaches have been sought for. Aims: this study sough to evaluate the efficiency of a tick biotherapic on tick-infested cows. Methods: 34 dairy Dutch cows were divided in 2 groups: one group received 100g/day of mineral salt supplement impregnated with tick biotherapic 12cH for 6 months, and then in alternate days with tick biotherapic 30cH to complete 28 months of treatment; the other group (control) received only the mineral salt supplement. After 28 months of treatment, engorged Rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus females were collected in both groups, counted and weighed; in vitro tests were carried out to assess mass of ticks; egg mass; egg-hatching rate; and reproductive efficiency. Results: There was significant difference between both groups for all parameters evaluated; tick-mass (p = 0.0008); egg mass (p=0.0044); egg-hatching rate (p= 0.0017); and reproductive efficiency (p = 0.0044). Conclusion: treatment with tick biotherapic significantly decreased the mass of engorged females, deposition and hatching rate of eggs, resulting consequently in the decrease of the reproductive efficiency of ticks.

Introdução: os carrapatos do gado Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus representam um sério problema para os criadores brasileiros, especialmente porque desenvolvem rapidamente resistência aos pesticidas. Por isso, junto a outros fatores incluindo contaminação ambiental, humana e animal, assim como os custos, têm sido procuradas abordagens alternativas. Objetivos: avaliar a eficiência de um bioterápico desenvolvido a partir de carrapatos em vacas infestadas. Métodos: 34 vacas leiteiras de raça holandesa foram divididas em 2 grupos; um recebeu 100 mg/dia de suplemento salino mineral impregnado com o bioterápico 12cH durante 6 meses e após 30cH em dias alternos até completar 28 meses de tratamento; o outro grupo (controle) recebeu só o suplemento mineral. Após 28 meses de tratamento foram coletadas fêmeas ingurgitadas do carrapato em ambos os grupos, contadas e pesadas, e foram realizados testes in vitro para determinar a massa de parasitas; massa de ovos; taxa de eclosão dos ovos; e eficiência reprodutiva. Resultados: houve diferença significativa entre ambos os grupos em todos os parâmetros avaliados ? massa de parasitas (p=0,0008); massa de ovos (p=0,0044); taxa de eclosão de ovos (p=0,0017) e eficácia reprodutiva (0,0044). Conclusão: o tratamento com bioterápico de carrapato diminuiu significativamente a massa de fêmeas ingurgitadas e a deposição e taxa de eclosão, resultando, consequentemente, na diminuição da eficiência reprodutiva dos carrapatos.

Introducción: la garrapata del ganado Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus produce serios problemas a los hacenderos brasileños especialmente porque desarrolla rápidamente resistencia a los agentes pesticidas. Por este motivo, asociado a otros factores como contaminación ambiental, humana y animal y los costos, se buscan abordajes alternativos. Objetivos: este estudio buscó evaluar la eficiencia de un bioterápico preparado de garrapatas en vacas infestadas. Métodos: 34 vacas lecheras de raza holandesa fueron divididas en 2 grupos; uno recibió 100 mg/día de suplemento mineral impregnado con bioterápico 12cH durante 6 meses y después, en días alternados hasta completar 28 meses de tratamiento; el otro recibió apenas el suplemento mineral (control). Después de 28 meses de tratamiento, garrapatas hembra ingurgitadas fueron recogidas en ambos grupos, contadas y pesadas; fueron realizados pruebas in vitro para medir la masa de garrapatas; la masa de huevos, la tasa de eclosión de huevos y la eficiencia reproductiva. Resultados: hubo diferencias significativas entre los 2 grupos en todos los parámetros evaluados ? masa de garrapatas (p=0,0008), masa de huevos (p=0,0044), tasa de eclosión de huevos (p=0,0017) y eficiencia reproductiva (p=0,0044). Conclusión: el tratamiento con bioterápico de garrapata redujo significativamente la masa de hembras ingurgitadas y la deposición y eclosión de huevos, resultando en disminución de la eficacia reproductiva de las garrapatas.