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1.
Biota Neotrop. (Online, Ed. ingl.) ; 24(2): e20231583, 2024. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1557174

ABSTRACT

Abstract Increasing habitat modification and species loss demand consistent efforts to describe and understand biodiversity patterns. The BIOTA/FAPESP Program was created in this context and it has been a successful initiative to promote studies on biodiversity and conservation in Brazil. The BIOTA/Araçá is an interdisciplinary project that provided a detailed evaluation of the biodiversity of Araçá Bay, a coastal seascape located on the North coast of the state of São Paulo, Southeast Brazil. The bay encompasses multiple habitats, such as beaches, mangroves, rocky shores, and a tidal flat, and provides important ecosystem services. Unfortunately, the bay is the subject of complex social-environmental conflicts that oppose economic, social, and environmental demands (i.e., the expansion of neighboring harbor activities vs. small-scale artisanal fisheries and protection of biodiversity). The present study presents a survey of the benthic species occurring in the different habitats of Araçá Bay, including data obtained during the BIOTA/Araçá project and previous assessments of the area. The benthic species play an important role in marine environments and studying the diversity of these organisms that live associated with the bottom is indispensable for comprehending the environment's functioning. The macrofauna, meiofauna, and microorganisms associated with soft and hard bottom were listed, and additional information, such as the habitat and geographical distribution, were provided for each species. The checklist includes 826 species, almost 70% recorded during the BIOTA/Araçá project. The most speciose taxa were the annelids (225 spp.), mollusks (194 spp.), and crustaceans (177 spp.). Seven benthic species are endemic to Araçá Bay, 14 are considered threatened, and seven are economically exploited. Furthermore, the bay is the type locality of many taxa, and 11 new benthic species were described based on specimens sampled during the project. This project shows the importance of Araçá Bay as a unique biologically rich environment and highlights the need for conservation efforts in light of the current threats.


Resumo O aumento da modificação dos habitats e da perda de espécies demanda esforços consistentes para descrever e compreender os padrões de biodiversidade. O programa BIOTA/FAPESP foi criado nesse contexto e é uma iniciativa de sucesso para promover estudos em biodiversidade e conservação no Brasil. O BIOTA/Araçá é um projeto interdisciplinar que promoveu uma avaliação detalhada da biodiversidade da Baía do Araçá, um ecossistema costeiro localizado ao Norte do estado de São Paulo, Sudeste do Brasil. A baía engloba múltiplos habitats, tais como praias, manguezais, costões rochosos, e uma planície de maré, e também fornece importantes serviços ecossistêmicos. Infelizmente, a baía está sujeita à conflitos sócio-ambientais complexos que contrastam demandas econômicas, sociais e ambientais (i.e. a expansão das atividades do porto vizinho vs. a pesca artesanal de pequena escala e a proteção da biodiversidade). O presente estudo apresenta um levantamento das espécies bentônicas que ocorrem nos diferentes habitats da Baía do Araçá, incluindo dados obtidos durante o projeto BIOTA/Araçá e de investigações realizadas anteriormente na área. As espécies bentônicas desempenham um papel importante no ambiente marinho, e estudar a diversidade desses organismos que vivem associados ao fundo é indispensável para compreender o funcionamento do meio ambiente. A macrofauna, meiofauna, e microorganismos associados aos fundos consolidado e inconsolidado foram listados, e informações adicionais foram fornecidas para cada espécie, tais como a distribuição geográfica e nos habitats. O checklist inclui 826 espécies, quase 70% registradas durante o projeto BIOTA/Araçá. Os taxa mais especiosos foram os anelídeos (225 spp.), moluscos (194 spp.), e crustáceos (177 spp.). Entre as espécies bentônicas listadas, sete são endêmicas da Baía do Araçá, 14 são consideradas ameaçadas de extinção, e sete são exploradas economicamente. A baía é a localidade tipo de vários taxa, e 11 novas espécies bentônicas foram descritas com base em espécimes amostrados durante o projeto. Este projeto mostra a importância da Baía do Araçá como um ambiente de riqueza biológica única e demonstra a necessidade de esforços para a sua conservação considerando as atuais ameaças.

2.
J Virol Methods ; 300: 114429, 2022 02.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34919975

ABSTRACT

The rapid spread of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led the world to a pandemic. Therefore, rapid, sensitive, and reproducible diagnostic tests are essential to indicate which measures should be taken during pandemics. We retrospectively tested unextracted nasopharyngeal samples from consecutive patients with suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection (n = 334), and compared two different Ct cut-off values for interpretation of results using a modified Allplex protocol. Its performance was evaluated using the USA Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) as reference. The reduction on Ct cut-off to 35 increased the test NPA from 79.65 to 88.00 %, reducing the number of false positives, from 10.48 to 6.29 %, resulting in an almost perfect agreement between the Allplex and the CDC protocol (Cohen's Kappa coefficient = 0.830 ± 0.032). This study demonstrates that the Seegene Allplex™ 2019-nCoV protocol skipping the viral RNA extraction step using the Ct cut-off of 35 is a rapid and efficient method to detect SARS-CoV-2 in nasopharyngeal samples.


Subject(s)
COVID-19 , SARS-CoV-2 , Diagnostic Tests, Routine , Humans , Nasopharynx , RNA, Viral/genetics , Retrospective Studies , Sensitivity and Specificity
3.
Zootaxa ; 5045(1): 1-154, 2021 Sep 27.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34811015

ABSTRACT

The present study is the first exhaustive checklist of porcelain crabs (Porcellanidae) distributed on the Pacific and Atlantic (Caribbean) coasts of Panama, based on literature records and material collected between 2006 and 2019. The Panamanian porcellanid fauna is currently composed of a total of 76 species, with 26 species reported from the Caribbean coast, 45 species reported from the Pacific coast, and five species reported from both sides of the Central American Isthmus (Isthmus of Panama). In other words, the Caribbean and Pacific coasts of Panama each harbour, respectively, 31 and 50 species of porcellanid crabs. However, this total includes two problematic porcellanid records from Panama, viz. Clastotoechus nodosus (Streets, 1872) and Petrolisthes brachycarpus Sivertsen, 1933, as well as a putatively undecribed taxon reported as Pachycheles sp. The following four species are recorded for the first time from Panama, viz. Euceramus panatelus Glassell, 1938, Pachycheles riisei (Stimpson, 1859) [also being new for Mexico], Petrolisthes dissimulatus Gore, 1983 and P. tonsorius Haig, 1960. In addition, Minyocerus kirki Glassell, 1938 is newly recorded from Colombia, extending its previously known distributional range significantly southwards. Most species are illustrated in colour, several for the first time, based on material from Panama or other localities. At least 20 further species (16 in the Atlantic, 5 in the Pacific, and 1 in both oceans) are suspected to occur in Panamanian waters, based on their records from the neighbouring Costa Rica and/or Colombia, or their wide distribution in the Caribbean Sea or the tropical eastern Pacific. The presence of several cryptic or pseudocryptic species (at least some of them presumably undescribed), especially in the taxonomically challenging Petrolisthes galathinus (Bosc, 1802) species complex, or the eventual species splitting within some taxa currently seen as transisthmian, will likely further increase the total number of species present in Panama. The porcellanid fauna of Panama is also ecologically remarkably diversified. Most Panamanian porcelain crabs are free-living under rocks, in crevices of rocks, dead coral heads, coralline algae, coral rubble etc., or on mud, among mangrove roots. Euceramus panatelus lives in possibly self-dug burrows in soft mud or muddy sand, whereas its congener E. transversilineatus (Lockington, 1878) may occasionally be found in association with holothuroids. At least 15 further porcellanid species occurring in Panama live in permanent or facultative associations with a variety of other marine organisms, including sponges, cnidarians (octocorals), echinoderms (sea urchins, sea stars, sea cucumbers), polychaetes (parchment worms) and other decapod crustaceans (hermit crabs), making them one of the most attractive groups for studies of symbiosis-related behaviour and evolution.


Subject(s)
Anomura , Palaemonidae , Animal Distribution , Animals , Dental Porcelain , Panama
4.
An Acad Bras Cienc ; 93(2): e20190634, 2021.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34133532

ABSTRACT

Three caridean shrimps have their distribution range extended on the Brazilian coast. Alpheus carlae Anker, 2012 (Alpheidae), previously reported from Ceará to São Paulo, and Typton fapespae Almeida, Anker & Mantelatto, 2014 (Palaemonidae), previously known only from Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo, are both now reported from Santa Catarina, the new southernmost record of these species in the Atlantic Ocean. Athanas nitescens (Leach, 1813) (Alpheidae), an invasive species from the eastern Atlantic first reported from São Paulo in 2012 based on a single male, is now confirmed to have established populations in Brazil with the finding of ovigerous females on the coast of Rio de Janeiro. Illustrations for all three species are provided based on the new material.


Subject(s)
Palaemonidae , Animal Distribution , Animal Structures , Animals , Atlantic Ocean , Brazil , Female , Male
5.
Zootaxa ; 4858(4): zootaxa.4858.4.6, 2020 Oct 02.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33056215

ABSTRACT

A new species of porcelain crab, Petrolisthes lazarus sp. nov., is described from the Pacific coast of Panama, based on two female specimens. The new species is morphologically most similar to another eastern Pacific species, P. crenulatus Lockington, 1878, especially in the general configuration of the carapace, chelipeds and ambulatory legs. However, P. lazarus sp. nov. can be separated from P. crenulatus by the differences in the proportions of the carapace, the shape of the frontal region of the carapace, and the setation pattern of the cheliped. In addition, P. lazarus sp. nov. and P. crenulatus appear to be allopatric, the latter species presently being known only from Mexico. Among other eastern Pacific taxa, P. lazarus sp. nov. may have some affinities with P. ortmanni Nobili, 1901 and P. lewisi (Glassell, 1936), from which it can be easily distinguished by the chelipeds lacking a dense field of setae on the outer (lateral) surface of the palm and with different proportions of some articles, especially the carpus. The four species can also be distinguished from each other by their diagnostic, although somewhat variable colour patterns.


Subject(s)
Anomura , Decapoda , Animal Distribution , Animals , Female , Panama
6.
Zootaxa ; 4729(3): zootaxa.4729.3.11, 2020 Jan 30.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32229857

ABSTRACT

The spongicolid genus Microprosthema Stimpson, 1860 is currently composed of 16 species inhabiting tropical and subtropical marine shallow waters worldwide, with six species found in the western Atlantic (one of them also present in the central and eastern Atlantic), one species in the eastern Pacific, and nine species in the Indo-West Pacific (Saito Okuno 2011; Goy Martin 2013; Saito Anker 2014; De Grave et al. 2016). The genus is characterised by the somewhat depressed body; the carapace more or less densely covered by spines (except in one species); the third maxilliped with a long exopod; the first pereopod with a setiferous organ on the carpus and propodus; the third pereopod greatly enlarged and elongate; and the telson with one tooth on the lateral margin (Holthuis 1946; Poore 2004; Saito Okuno 2011).


Subject(s)
Decapoda , Animal Distribution , Animal Structures , Animals , Body Size , Organ Size
7.
Zootaxa ; 4568(1): zootaxa.4568.1.12, 2019 Mar 19.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31715879

ABSTRACT

All previous records of Pachycheles rugimanus A. Milne-Edwards, 1880, from the Brazilian coast are reviewed and prove to represent a new species, P. coelhoi sp. nov. (from Amapá, northern Brazilian coast), and P. ackleianus A. Milne-Edwards, 1880, a species already known from Brazil (from Pará to Rio de Janeiro). The new species is described and illustrated, and compared to its most similar congeners: P. rugimanus and P. ackleianus from the western Atlantic, and P. velerae Haig, 1960, from the eastern Pacific (Galapagos Island and Cocos Island). Pachycheles coelhoi sp. nov. is distinguishable from the other three species by a suite of morphological characters, which include the ornamentation of the carapace and chelipeds, and the shape of the third thoracic sternite. All previous records of P. rugimanus from Brazil are considered invalid.


Subject(s)
Anomura , Decapoda , Animal Distribution , Animals , Brazil , Ecuador , Islands
8.
Enferm. foco (Brasília) ; 9(2): 44-50, mai. 2018. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF - Nursing | ID: biblio-1028355

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Verificar a realização do acesso intraósseo por enfermeiros. Método: Estudo analítico transversal, realizado por meio da aplicação de um questionário. Resultados: Demonstrou-se que 97,0% dos profissionais nunca realizaram o acesso (p<0,001), e 48,5% tiveram um treinamento adequado. Apenas 9,1% relatou se sentir seguro para executar a técnica (p<0,001) e 69,7% responderam que não possuem apoio técnico, e não possuem material apropriado. Conclusão: Demonstrou-se que existe uma limitação do uso do acesso intraósseo. A falta de autonomia para realizar a técnica pode se explicar pela falta de habilidade prática e conhecimento teórico dos enfermeiros, e pela falta de protocolos e acesso à informações institucionais, treinamentos e insumos.


Objective: To verify the achievement of intraosseous access by nurses. Method: Cross-sectional analytical study, carried out through the application of a questionnaire. Results: It was demonstrated that 97,0% of the professionals never performed access (p <0.001), and 48,5% had adequate training. Only 9,1% reported feeling safe to perform the technique (p <0.001) and 69,7% answered that they do not have technical support, and do not have appropriate material. Conclusion: It has been demonstrated that there is a limitation of the use of intraosseous access. The lack of autonomy to perform the technique can be explained by the lack of practical skills and theoretical knowledge of nurses, and the lack of protocols and access to institutional information, training and inputs.


Objetivo: Verificar la realización del acceso intraóseo para las enfermeras. Método: Estudio transversal analítico realizado mediante la aplicación de un cuestionario. Resultados: Se demostró que 97,0% de los encuestados nunca hizo de acceso (p <0,001), y 48,5% tenía una formación adecuada. Sólo 9.1% reportó sentirse seguro para llevar a cabo la técnica (p <0,001) y 69,7% dijeron que no tienen soporte, y no tienen ningún material adecuado. Conclusión: Se ha demostrado que existe una limitación del uso de la vía intraósea. La falta de autonomía para llevar a cabo la técnica puede explicarse por la falta de habilidades prácticas y conocimientos teóricos de las enfermeras, y la falta de protocolos y el acceso a la información institucional, la capacitación y los insumos.


Subject(s)
Male , Female , Humans , Staff Development , Nursing , Infusions, Intraosseous , Nursing Process
9.
Rev. bras. estud. popul ; 33(2): 375-398, mai.-ago. 2016. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-829899

ABSTRACT

O presente artigo analisa os dados disponíveis na amostra do Censo Demográfico de 2010 a respeito da nupcialidade da população autodeclarada indígena. Se há uma significativa produção antropológica sobre organização social dos povos indígenas no Brasil, o que contempla aspectos referentes a casamentos, pouco se sabe, a partir de uma perspectiva demográfica, sobre a nupcialidade desse segmento da população e como se dão as uniões endogâmicas e exogâmicas considerando os grupos de raça/cor. Assim, tem-se como objetivo apresentar uma análise dos padrões de nupcialidade, utilizando as categorias pesquisadas do quesito raça/cor no Censo Demográfico de 2010, com foco na população indígena. Especificamente se realiza uma análise da idade média à união e ao casamento e das taxas de homogamia por raça/cor, inclusive separando os casais por grupos de idade da mulher, status marital, situação do domicílio e residentes em municípios com Terras Indígenas. Apesar das evidentes limitações dos dados, e com uso de métodos demográficos indiretos, os resultados revelam que, entre todas as categorias de raça/cor, a idade média à união dos indígenas é a menor e suas taxas padronizadas de endogamia por raça/cor são as mais altas.


Abstract This paper analyzes nuptiality data from the Brazilian 2010 Demographic Census, with a focus on indigenous women. There is an extensive anthropological literature about the social organization of indigenous peoples in Brazil and its relation to marriage practices. Concerning the demographic field, however, very little is known about nuptiality in this segment of the population and how it compares with non-indigenous women. The objective is to present an analysis of nuptiality patterns, using the surveyed categories of race/color in the 2010 Census, focusing on indigenous population. The mean age of women at marriage and non formal union by race/color and endogamy and exogamy rates are estimated, showing results stratified by age groups, marital status, place of residence urban or rural, and residents in municipalities with or without Indigenous Lands. Despite the evident data limitation, the results show that indigenous women present the lowest mean age at marriage, as well as the highest endogamy rates by race/color.


Resumen Este artículo analiza los datos de nupcialidad del Censo Demográfico brasileño de 2010, con especial atención a las mujeres indígenas. Hay una extensa literatura antropológica sobre la organización social de los pueblos indígenas en Brasil y su relación con las prácticas matrimoniales. Cuando se trata de la demografía, sin embargo, se sabe muy poco acerca de la nupcialidad en este segmento de la población y cómo se compara con las mujeres no indígenas. El objetivo es presentar un análisis de los patrones de nupcialidad, utilizando las categorías de auto declaradas de raza/color de la piel en el Censo de 2010, centrándose en la población indígena. Se calcula la edad media a la unión formal y consensual y, también, las tasas de endogamia y exogamia por raza/color, con los resultados estratificados por grupos de edad, situación conyugal, área de residencia (rural o urbana) y domicilio en municipalidades con Tierras Indígenas. A pesar de las evidentes limitaciones de los datos, y el uso de métodos demográficos indirectos, los resultados muestran que, entre todas las categorías de raza/color, la edad media al matrimonio de los indígenas es la más baja y sus tasas estandarizadas de endogamia por raza/color son los más altas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Age and Sex Distribution , Statistical Data , Indians, South American/statistics & numerical data , Anthropology, Cultural , Brazil/ethnology , Ethnic Distribution , Marriage/ethnology
10.
Zootaxa ; 4092(2): 175-94, 2016 Mar 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27394448

ABSTRACT

Twenty species of porcelain crabs are reported on the basis of material collected from Brazilian coasts. Considering the lack of systematic studies comprehending the Brazilian porcellanids, the present work presents a review of the regional species based on the current taxonomic information. New records, information about variation between specimens and a taxonomic discussion are given for porcellanid crabs from Brazil.


Subject(s)
Anomura/anatomy & histology , Anomura/classification , Animal Distribution , Animals , Anomura/physiology , Brazil , Female , Male , Species Specificity
11.
Saúde Soc ; 23(3): 1064-1076, Jul-Sep/2014.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-725823

ABSTRACT

No Brasil, há indícios de que alguns povos indígenas apresentam taxas de mortalidade por suicídio significativamente superiores às taxas nacionais e regionais. Por outro lado, evidências apontam para as dificuldades de se transpor categorias biomédicas ao contexto das sociedades indígenas, tendo em vista que estes se valem de referenciais simbólicos particulares para compreender o processo saúde-doença e a morte. O objetivo deste artigo foi refletir sobre as dificuldades para utilização do conceito de suicídio no contexto indígena, ponto crucial para abordagem deste tema através de uma perspectiva menos etnocêntrica. O caminho proposto para tal foi o de se recorrer ao chamado “estranhamento antropológico” do conceito biomédico de suicídio. Para tanto, nós fizemos a análise do mito do Jurupari amplamente difundido entre os povos indígenas da região do Alto Rio Negro, utilizando três perguntas norteadoras: Jurupari queria morrer?; Jurupari morreu?; Quem matou Jurupari? Para responder estas perguntas, recorreu-se a informações etnográficas sobre suicídio entre povos indígenas brasileiros. Através da análise realizada, demonstraram-se as dificuldades de transposição do conceito biomédico de suicídio para o contexto indígena. Isto foi feito na medida em que evidenciamos: 1) a amplificação das dificuldades de se falar de intencionalidade no contexto indígena; 2) as diferentes concepções indígenas sobre morte e morrer; 3) a complexa correlação entre suicídio e homicídio nos sistemas etiológicos nativos. Por fim, apresentaram-se, mesmo que de forma preliminar, algumas eventuais dificuldades como possíveis caminhos para abordagem do suicídio indígena, tanto por meio de estratégias qualitativas como quantitativas...


Several evidences shows that in Brazil, suicide mortality rates of some indigenous people are significantly higher than national and regional rates. Furthermore, evidence points to the difficulties to transport biomedical categories to the indigenous societies, because they use specific symbolic references to understand the health-disease process and the death. The aim of this paper was to reflect on the difficulties to use the concept of suicide in the indigenous context, an important principle to explore this theme from a less ethnocentric way. The proposed way for this was to resort to the so-called “anthropological strangeness” of the biomedical concept of suicide. To this end, we did an analysis of an indigenous myth that is widespread in the Upper Rio Negro region, the myth of Jurupari, using three guiding questions: Jurupari wanted to die?; Jurupari died?; Who killed Jurupari? To answer these questions we used the ethnographic information about suicide among Brazilian indigenous. Through the performed analysis, the difficulty to transport the biomedical concept of suicide to the indigenous context was demonstrated. This was down when we presented: i) the amplification of the difficulties to speak of intentionality in this context, ii) the different indigenous conceptions about death and dying, iii) the complex correlation between suicide and homicide in native’s etiological systems. Finally, even in a preliminary way, some potential difficulties and possible ways to approach indigenous suicide by qualitative and quantitative strategies was presented...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Anthropology, Cultural , Cultural Characteristics , Cultural Diversity , Cultural Factors , Individuality , Death , Indigenous Peoples , Suicide , Qualitative Research , Public Health
12.
Cien Saude Colet ; 18(4): 1151-9, 2013 Apr.
Article in Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23670392

ABSTRACT

This article presents some contrasts that exist between the discourses of public policies concerning women's health care, especially with respect to indigenous women, and the ethnological discourse which emphasizes the specificity of gender relations within indigenous societies. We worked on the assumption that the development of these public policies as well as the organization of health care services offered, which in fact are necessary, have a transforming effect on prevailing gender relations within Amerindian Societies. On the one hand, gender relations between indigenous people are associated with the domains of kinship and corporeality. On the other hand, the process of creating public policies, by means of biomedical intervention and the medicalization of the female body, constitutes a powerful tool for body modeling and the construction of subjectivities contributing to making women worthy of citizenship. The female gender is under discussion and its content is being negotiated.


Subject(s)
Delivery of Health Care , Indians, South American , Interpersonal Relations , Minority Health , Public Policy , Female , Humans
13.
Hist Cienc Saude Manguinhos ; 20(1): 203-19, 2013 Mar.
Article in Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23559052

ABSTRACT

The article explores the emergence of traditional indigenous medicine as an object of discourse within the field of public policy and indigenous health. There are a gamut of meanings that inform the notion of traditional indigenous medicine in this field and they are steadily being revised and/or created in concrete dialogical situations, which endows them with an emergent nature. If official discourses use the power of naming to conceptualize traditional medicine, indigenous discourse designates knowledge and practices of self-attention rooted in specific local contexts. Public policy is appropriated and indigenized by indigenous peoples, gaining new meanings and influencing the sociocultural re-organization of health care.

14.
Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.) ; Ciênc. Saúde Colet. (Impr.);18(4): 1151-1159, Abr. 2013.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-674788

ABSTRACT

O presente artigo apresenta alguns contrastes existentes entre os discursos das políticas públicas de atenção à saúde da mulher, particularmente da indígena, e o discurso etnológico que enfatiza a especificidade das relações de gênero em sociedades indígenas. Partimos do pressuposto que o desenvolvimento dessas políticas públicas e a organização dos serviços de atenção à saúde, se bem que necessários, têm um efeito transformador sobre as relações de gênero vigentes nas sociedades ameríndias. Por um lado, as relações de gênero entre os povos indígenas estão associadas aos domínios do parentesco e da corporalidade. Por outro, o processo de construção de políticas públicas, por meio da intervenção biomédica e da medicalização do corpo feminino, se constitui em uma ferramenta poderosa de modelamento de corpos e construção de subjetividades contribuindo para forjar mulheres como sujeitos de cidadania. A categoria mulher está em pauta e o seu conteúdo está sendo negociado.


This article presents some contrasts that exist between the discourses of public policies concerning women's health care, especially with respect to indigenous women, and the ethnological discourse which emphasizes the specificity of gender relations within indigenous societies. We worked on the assumption that the development of these public policies as well as the organization of health care services offered, which in fact are necessary, have a transforming effect on prevailing gender relations within Amerindian Societies. On the one hand, gender relations between indigenous people are associated with the domains of kinship and corporeality. On the other hand, the process of creating public policies, by means of biomedical intervention and the medicalization of the female body, constitutes a powerful tool for body modeling and the construction of subjectivities contributing to making women worthy of citizenship. The female gender is under discussion and its content is being negotiated.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Delivery of Health Care , Indians, South American , Interpersonal Relations , Minority Health , Public Policy
15.
Hist. ciênc. saúde-Manguinhos ; Hist. ciênc. saúde-Manguinhos;20(1): 203-219, jan-mar. 2013. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-669429

ABSTRACT

Trata o surgimento da medicina tradicional indígena como objeto de discurso no campo das políticas públicas de saúde indígena. Os sentidos que nesse campo informam a noção de medicina tradicional indígena são diversos e constantemente revisados e/ou criados em situações dialógicas concretas, o que lhes confere caráter emergente. Se os discursos oficiais usam o poder de nomear para conceituar as medicinas tradicionais, as falas indígenas remetem a saberes e a práticas de autoatenção inscritos em contextos locais particulares. As políticas públicas são apropriadas e indigenizadas pelos povos indígenas, adquirindo novos sentidos e influenciando a reorganização sociocultural do cuidado com a saúde.


The article explores the emergence of traditional indigenous medicine as an object of discourse within the field of public policy and indigenous health. There are a gamut of meanings that inform the notion of traditional indigenous medicine in this field and they are steadily being revised and/or created in concrete dialogical situations, which endows them with an emergent nature. If official discourses use the power of naming to conceptualize traditional medicine, indigenous discourse designates knowledge and practices of self-attention rooted in specific local contexts. Public policy is appropriated and indigenized by indigenous peoples, gaining new meanings and influencing the sociocultural re-organization of health care.


Subject(s)
Humans , Public Policy , Health of Indigenous Peoples , Indigenous Peoples , Medicine, Traditional , Brazil
16.
Rio de Janeiro; FIOCRUZ; 2013. 202 p. ilus, tab.(Saúde dos Povos Indígenas).
Monography in Portuguese | LILACS, Coleciona SUS | ID: biblio-1451359

ABSTRACT

Compreender o processo de emergência das medicinas tradicionais indígenas no campo das políticas públicas de saúde indígena é o objetivo deste livro, que analisa os discursos proferidos por uma diversidade de atores ­ indígenas e não indígenas, governamentais e não governamentais, nacionais e internacionais. Dessa forma, a obra revela uma dinâmica que vai do global e ao local, e transforma os contextos envolvidos, originando novas formações culturais. As políticas públicas que qualificam os seus objetos e público-alvo com a categoria 'tradição' conformam uma formação discursiva, definida pela autora como 'políticas da tradição'. Um exemplo são as políticas voltadas à saúde indígena, que têm buscado reconhecer a eficácia das medicinas tradicionais indígenas e articulá-las com o sistema oficial de saúde. No entanto, "ao serem apropriados pelos povos indígenas, os discursos oficiais são postos a serviço dos seus interesses culturalmente situados ­ assim, estamos diante do fenômeno da indigenização", diz a pesquisadora. E essa 'indigenização' se refere aos processos "levados a efeito pelos povos indígenas ao se apropriarem das políticas públicas a fim de manter a sua autonomia e reverter a seu favor o controle que o Estado passa a exercer sobre o mundo da vida de suas comunidades". O livro busca contribuir para a consolidação do direito indígena à atenção diferenciada à sua saúde, considerando as relações historicamente construídas entre povos indígenas e Estado.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Pregnancy , Health of Indigenous Peoples , Indigenous Peoples , Human Rights/standards , Medicine, Traditional/standards , Pregnancy Complications/nursing , Brazil/ethnology , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice/ethnology , Parturition/ethnology , Social Determinants of Health/ethnology , Anthropology, Cultural/history
17.
Rev Esc Enferm USP ; 46(5): 1178-83, 2012 Oct.
Article in Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23223735

ABSTRACT

It has been observed there is currently a growing interest in developing research regarding the sleep patterns of workers who must wake up very early or who work nights. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify the levels of fatigue and the sleep patterns of nursing students who study during the day and work at night. Participants were thirty students who completed the Epworth Sleepiness Scale and Sleep Journal for thirty days. It was found that sleep duration was longer among men compared to women on days off work, and when on vacation from school compared to the regular school period. Participants showed high levels of fatigue and sleepiness, characterized by the incidence of excessive daytime sleepiness. In conclusion, night workers who endure sleep deprivation have additional wake hours due to studying, thus causing high levels of fatigue, which may harm their performance at school and at work.


Subject(s)
Fatigue/epidemiology , Sleep , Students, Nursing , Work , Adult , Female , Humans , Male
18.
Rev. Esc. Enferm. USP ; Rev. Esc. Enferm. USP;46(5): 1178-1183, out. 2012. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF - Nursing | ID: lil-658173

ABSTRACT

Atualmente tem sido observado crescente interesse, na área da saúde, no desenvolvimento de pesquisas sobre as alterações de sono do trabalhador que acorda muito cedo ou trabalha à noite. Assim, objetivou-se identificar os níveis de sonolência e padrões de sono do estudante diurno de enfermagem que trabalha à noite. Trinta estudantes participaram, através do preenchimento da Escala de Sonolência de Epworth e Diário de Sono, durante trinta dias. Teve-se que a duração do sono foi maior para os homens, quando comparados às mulheres, nos dias sem trabalho e no período de férias quando comparado ao letivo. Apresentaram-se elevados níveis de sonolência, caracterizando incidência de sonolência diurna excessiva. Concluímos que o trabalhador noturno, que sofre privação do sono, tem um acréscimo das horas de vigília devido ao estudo, ocasionando níveis elevados de sonolência, o que pode prejudicar seu desempenho escolar e no trabalho.


It has been observed there is currently a growing interest in developing research regarding the sleep patterns of workers who must wake up very early or who work nights. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify the levels of fatigue and the sleep patterns of nursing students who study during the day and work at night. Participants were thirty students who completed the Epworth Sleepiness Scale and Sleep Journal for thirty days. It was found that sleep duration was longer among men compared to women on days off work, and when on vacation from school compared to the regular school period. Participants showed high levels of fatigue and sleepiness, characterized by the incidence of excessive daytime sleepiness. In conclusion, night workers who endure sleep deprivation have additional wake hours due to studying, thus causing high levels of fatigue, which may harm their performance at school and at work.


Actualmente, se ha observado un creciente interés en el área de salud, referente al desarrollo de investigaciones sobre alteraciones del sueño del trabajador que despierta muy temprano o trabaja de noche. Consecuentemente, se objetivó identificar los niveles de somnolencia y patrones de sueño del estudiante diurno de enfermería que también trabaja de noche. Participaron treinta estudiantes, utilizándose la Escala de Somnolencia de Epworth y Diario de Sueño durante 30 días. Se constató que la duración del sueño fue mayor para los hombres en comparación con las mujeres, en los días sin trabajo, y en el período de vacaciones en comparación al ciclo lectivo. Presentaron elevados niveles de somnolencia, caracterizando incidencia de somnolencia diurna excesiva. Concluimos en que el trabajador nocturno, que sufre de privación del sueño, incrementa sus horas de vigilia debido al estudio, ocasionándose niveles elevados de somnolencia, lo cual puede perjudicar su desempeño escolar y laboral.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Fatigue/epidemiology , Sleep , Students, Nursing , Work
19.
J Marital Fam Ther ; 38 Suppl 1: 348-58, 2012 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22765345

ABSTRACT

The absence of a translated and validated instrument for measuring marital satisfaction in Brazil, the largest country in South America and fifth most populous country in the world, is a significant barrier for research and mental health service delivery. The purpose of this study was to translate and validate a marital satisfaction scale into Portuguese that would have both empirical credibility and cultural relevance in Brazil. A six-step serial approach was used to simultaneously translate and culturally validate the Revised Dyadic Adjustment Scale (RDAS). The translated instrument (RDAS-P) demonstrated good psychometric properties during field testing.


Subject(s)
Marriage/psychology , Psychological Tests , Adult , Brazil , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Psychological Tests/standards , Psychometrics , Reproducibility of Results , Translating , Young Adult
20.
Saúde Soc ; 21(supl.1): 265-277, maio 2012.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-640934

ABSTRACT

O artigo trata sobre o desenvolvimento participativo das ações da Área de Medicina Tradicional Indígena (AMT) do Projeto Vigisus II/FUNASA. A Área tem como objetivo a construção de estratégias para a articulação entre os sistemas médicos indígenas e o sistema oficial de saúde, conforme preconizado pela Política Nacional de Atenção a Saúde dos Povos Indígenas. As principais atividades executadas foram os projetos participativos de pesquisa-ação que podem ser classificados em três eixos transversais: sistemas tradicionais de parto indígenas; plantas medicinais; xamanismo e intermedicalidade. Os resultados qualitativos alcançados pelo eixo sistemas de parto indígenas são aqui apresentados de modo a demonstrar o quanto a articulação dos serviços de saúde com as medicinas tradicionais indígenas é condição fundamental para a efetivação do princípio da integralidade em um modelo diferenciado de atenção à saúde indígena.


Subject(s)
Primary Health Care , Medicine, Traditional , Health of Indigenous Peoples , Health Services , Community Participation
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