ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Staphylococcus epidermidis is an opportunistic pathogen involved in hospital-acquired infections, particularly in those related to medical devices. This study characterized 50 genetically unrelated S. epidermidis isolates from bloodstream infections (BSIs, n = 31) and nares (n = 19) of neonates in relation to staphylococcal chromosomal cassette mec (SCCmec) type, biofilm production and associated genes, and the arginine catabolic mobile elements (ACME), in order to detect virulence factors that could discriminate a potential invasiveness isolate or predict an increasing pathogenicity. RESULTS: Isolates from both groups showed no difference for biofilm production and ACME genes detection. However, BSI isolates harbored more frequently the sdrF and sesI genes (p < 0.05), whereas biofilm producer isolates were associated with presence of the aap gene. The sdrF gene was also significantly more in the biofilm producer isolates from BSI. The SCCmec type IV and the ccr2 complex were related to BSI isolates (p < 0.05), while 83% of the nasal isolates were non-typeable for the SCCmec elements, with the mec complex and ccr undetectable as the most frequent profile. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the great clonal diversity displayed by S. epidermidis isolates from neonates, BSI isolates harbored more frequently the sdrF and sesI adhesin genes, while nasal isolates were very variable in SCCmec composition. These aspects could be advantageous to improve colonization in the host increasing its pathogenicity.
Subject(s)
Methicillin Resistance/genetics , Nasal Cavity/microbiology , Staphylococcal Infections/microbiology , Staphylococcus epidermidis/genetics , Staphylococcus epidermidis/isolation & purification , Staphylococcus epidermidis/pathogenicity , Virulence/genetics , Adhesins, Bacterial/genetics , Arginine/metabolism , Bacterial Proteins/genetics , Bacterial Proteins/isolation & purification , Biofilms/growth & development , Brazil/epidemiology , DNA, Bacterial/genetics , Genetic Variation , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Multilocus Sequence Typing , Phenotype , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Staphylococcal Infections/blood , Staphylococcal Infections/epidemiology , Staphylococcus epidermidis/drug effects , Virulence Factors/geneticsABSTRACT
A qualidade microbiológica e físico-química de amostras de água fora dos padrões legais permitidos tem contribuído para o aumento do consumo de água envasada por parte da população. Objetivou-se verificar a qualidade microbiológica e físico-química de quatro marcas de água mineral comercializadas no município de São Mateus, ES. Para a detecção de coliformes totais, Escherichia coli e Salmonella spp. utilizou-se kit microbiológico Tecnobac® e para contagem de bactérias heterotróficas utilizou-se a técnica de semeadura em profundidade. Para as análises físicoquímicas utilizou-se kit analítico Ecokit®. Verificou-se o pH, a condutividade, além da análise de ferro. Os resultados das análises microbiológicas demonstraram que todas as marcas de água mineral investigadas estavam em conformidade com a Portaria 2914/2011 em relação aos coliformes totais e E. coli. Constatou-se a ausência de Salmonella spp. em todas as amostras. Com relação à contagem de bactérias heterotróficas, 5 amostras (13,89%) excederam o limite máximo permitido, estando em desacordo com a legislação vigente. As análises físico-químicas demonstraram que 25 amostras (55,56%) obtiveram valores fora dos padrões preconizados pela portaria. Sugere-se a implementação de Boas Práticas de Fabricação (BPF) e de ações conjuntas com os responsáveis pelas empresas, de forma a garantir a saúde da população.
The microbiological and physicochemical quality of water samples out of permitted legal standards has contributed to the increased consumption of bottled water by the population. It has been our objective to verify the microbiological and physicochemistry quality of four brands of bottled water sold in the town of São Mateus-ES. We have used microbiological sekit Tecnobac® for detection of total coliforms, Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp and; for counting heterotrophic bacteria we have used the pour plate technique. For physical and chemical analyzes we have used Ecokit sekit ®. We have verified the pH and conductivity as well as analysis of iron. The microbiological analysis showed that all brands of mineral water were investigated in accordance with Ordinance 2914/2011 in relation to total coliforms and E.coli. We have noted the absence of Salmonella spp. in all samples. In relation to the count of heterotrophic bacteria, five samples (13.89%) exceeded the maximum allowed, which is in disagreement with the current legislation. The physical-chemical analyzes showed that 25 samples (55.56%) had values outside the standards recommended by the Ordinance. It is suggested the implementation of Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) and joint actions with the companies and their staff to ensure the health of the population.
