ABSTRACT
The use of suitable analytical techniques for the detection of adulteration, falsification, deliberate substitution, and mislabeling of foods has great importance in the industrial, scientific, legislative, and public health contexts. This way, this work reports an integrative review with a current analytical approach for food authentication, indicating the main analytical techniques to identify adulteration and perform the traceability of chemical components in processed and non-processed foods, evaluating the authenticity and geographic origin. This work presents results from a systematic search in Science Direct® and Scopus® databases using the keywords "authentication" AND "food", "authentication," AND "beverage", from published papers from 2013 to, 2024. All research and reviews published were employed in the bibliometric analysis, evaluating the advantages and disadvantages of analytical techniques, indicating the perspectives for direct, quick, and simple analysis, guaranteeing the application of quality standards, and ensuring food safety for consumers. Furthermore, this work reports the analysis of natural foods to evaluate the origin (traceability), and industrialized foods to detect adulterations and fraud. A focus on research to detect adulteration in milk and dairy products is presented due to the importance of these products in the nutrition of the world population. All analytical tools discussed have advantages and drawbacks, including sample preparation steps, the need for reference materials, and mathematical treatments. So, the main advances in modern analytical techniques for the identification and quantification of food adulterations, mainly milk and dairy products, were discussed, indicating trends and perspectives on food authentication.
ABSTRACT
Rabdomiólise é uma condição aguda com lesão muscular esquelética e liberação de toxinas produzidas pelos miócitos. A apresentação clínica é variada (desde elevações assintomáticas de marcadores de injúria muscular, com a creatina fosfoquinase (CPK), até distúrbios hidroeletrolíticos graves com ou sem insuficiência renal aguda. As etiologias envolvem desde medicamentos como atividades físicas extenuantes. O diagnóstico é clínico-laboratorial, chamando a atenção para níveis aumentados de enzimas musculares, especialmente a reatinofosfoquinase. A principal complicação clínica é a insuficiência renal aguda e o diagnóstico precoce é fundamental para a instituição de medidas terapêuticas eficazes. Relatamos o caso de um paciente jovem, com rabdomiólisepós exercício físico (musculação), com altos índices de reatinofosfoquinase (239.000U/L), sem evolução para insuficiência renal aguda (IRA), contrariamente ao esperado pelos valores isolados de reatinofosfoquinase.
Rhabdomyolysis is a acute condition with muscle injury and liberation of toxins produced by myocytes. The clinical presentation is wide (from asymptomatic elevations in laboratorial markers of muscle injury, like creatine kinase (CK), to severe electrolyte disturbances with or without acute renal failure). The etiologies involve from medications to strenuous physical activity. The diagnosis is clinical and laboratorial, which have attention to the increased levels of muscle enzymes, especially the CPK. The main clinical complication is acute renal failure and early diagnosis is critical for the establishment of effective therapeutic measures. We report the case of a young patient with rhabdomyolysis after exercise (weightlifting), with high levels of CPK (239.000U/L) without denvelopment to acute renal failure (ARF), contrary to the expected with isolated values of CPK only.
