Degree of conversion and microhardness of resin cements photoactivated through glass ceramic.

BACKGROUND: To assess whether glass-ceramic shade, thickness and translucency affect degree of conversion (DC) and Knoop microhardness (KHN) of resin cements photoactivated using light-emitting diode (LED) or quartz-tungsten-halogen (QTH) units. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Glass-ceramic blocks were cut (2, 3 and 4mm) and sintered. For DC FT Raman spectroscopy (n=3), film specimens of cements (RelyX ARC, U200, Veneer, C&B) were obtained. For KHN test (n=3), cements were inserted in cylindrical matrix and covered by polyester strip. Specimens were photoactivated (30s) using LED or QTH according to each group: direct photoactivation (DP), interposing ceramic specimens or no photoactivation (NP). Data were analysed by ANOVA and Tukey's test, Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn's tests (p<0.05). RESULTS: Ceramic features had significant effect on DC of RelyX ARC, U200 and Veneer (p<0.0017). Light source had no effect (p=0.9512). C&B and Veneer had higher DC, followed by dual cements. NP dual cements showed the lowest DC. For KHN, ceramic shade (p=0.1717) and light source (p=0.1421) were not significant, but ceramic translucency, thickness and resin cement were significant (p=0.0001). KHN was higher for U200 followed by ARC, and lowest for Veneer. CONCLUSIONS: DC was affected by ceramic shade, translucency and thickness. KHN was dependent on ceramic translucency and thickness. Higher DC and KHN were achieved for dual-cured cements photoactivated through 2mm-thick low translucent or 3mm-thick high translucent glass-ceramic. Key words:Cementation, composite resin cements, dental curing lights, glass ceramics.

LED and Halogen Light Transmission through a CAD/CAM Lithium Disilicate Glass-Ceramic

The effect of thickness, shade and translucency of CAD/CAM lithium disilicate glass-ceramic on light transmission of light-emitting diode (LED) and quartz-tungsten-halogen units (QTH) were evaluated. Ceramic IPS e.max CAD shades A1, A2, A3, A3.5, high (HT) and low (LT) translucency were cut (1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 mm). Light sources emission spectra were determined. Light intensity incident and transmitted through each ceramic sample was measured to determine light transmission percentage (TP). Statistical analysis used a linear regression model. There was significant interaction between light source and ceramic translucency (p=0.008) and strong negative correlation (R=-0.845, p<0.001) between ceramic thickness and TP. Increasing one unit in thickness led to 3.17 reduction in TP. There was no significant difference in TP (p=0.124) between shades A1 (ß1=0) and A2 (ß1=-0.45) but significant reduction occurred for A3 (ß1=-0.83) and A3.5 (ß1=-2.18). The interaction QTH/HT provided higher TP (ß1=0) than LED/HT (ß1=-2.92), QTH/LT (ß1=-3.75) and LED/LT (ß1=-5.58). Light transmission was more effective using halogen source and high-translucency ceramics, decreased as the ceramic thickness increased and was higher for the lighter shades, A1 and A2. From the regression model (R2=0.85), an equation was obtained to estimate TP value using each variable ß1 found. A maximum TP of 25% for QTH and 20% for LED was found, suggesting that ceramic light attenuation could compromise light cured and dual cure resin cements polymerization.

Resumo Avaliou-se o efeito da espessura, cor e translucidez de uma cerâmica vítrea a base de dissilicato de lítio para CAD / CAM sobre a transmissão da luz de unidades de diodos emissores de luz (LED) e de quartzo-tungstênio-halogênio (QTH). Cerâmica IPS e.max CAD nas cores A1, A2, A3, A3.5 de translucidez alta (HT) e baixa (LT) foram cortadas (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 mm). Os espectros de emissão das fontes de luz foram determinados. A intensidade da luz incidente e transmitida através de cada espécime de cerâmica foi medida para determinar a percentagem de transmissão de luz (TP). Um modelo de regressão linear foi utilizado para a análise estatística. Houve interação significativa entre a fonte de luz e translucidez cerâmica (p = 0.008) e forte correlação negativa (r = -0.845, p <0.001) entre a espessura da cerâmica e TP. O aumento da espessura em uma unidade levou a uma redução média de 3.17 em TP. Não houve diferença significativa em TP (p = 0.124) entre as cores A1 (ß1 = 0) e A2 (ß1 = -0.45), mas ocorreu redução significativa para as cores A3 (ß1 = -0.83) e A3.5 (ß1 = -2.18). A interação QTH/HT proporcionou maior TP (ß1 = 0) do que LED/HT (ß1 = -2.92), QTH/LT (ß1 = -3.75) e LED/LT (ß1 = -5.58). A transmissão de luz foi mais eficaz utilizando QTH e cerâmica de alta translucidez, diminuiu à medida que a espessura de cerâmica aumentou, e foi maior para as cores A1 e A2. A partir do modelo de regressão (R2 = 0.85), obteve-se uma equação para estimar o valor de TP utilizando os valores de ß1 encontrado. Foi observada TP máxima de 25% para QTH e 20% para LED, sugerindo que a atenuação promovida pela cerâmica pode comprometer a ativação de um cimento resinoso fotoativado e de ativação dupla.

LED and Halogen Light Transmission through a CAD/CAM Lithium Disilicate Glass-Ceramic.

The effect of thickness, shade and translucency of CAD/CAM lithium disilicate glass-ceramic on light transmission of light-emitting diode (LED) and quartz-tungsten-halogen units (QTH) were evaluated. Ceramic IPS e.max CAD shades A1, A2, A3, A3.5, high (HT) and low (LT) translucency were cut (1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 mm). Light sources emission spectra were determined. Light intensity incident and transmitted through each ceramic sample was measured to determine light transmission percentage (TP). Statistical analysis used a linear regression model. There was significant interaction between light source and ceramic translucency (p=0.008) and strong negative correlation (R=-0.845, p<0.001) between ceramic thickness and TP. Increasing one unit in thickness led to 3.17 reduction in TP. There was no significant difference in TP (p=0.124) between shades A1 (ß1=0) and A2 (ß1=-0.45) but significant reduction occurred for A3 (ß1=-0.83) and A3.5 (ß1=-2.18). The interaction QTH/HT provided higher TP (ß1=0) than LED/HT (ß1=-2.92), QTH/LT (ß1=-3.75) and LED/LT (ß1=-5.58). Light transmission was more effective using halogen source and high-translucency ceramics, decreased as the ceramic thickness increased and was higher for the lighter shades, A1 and A2. From the regression model (R2=0.85), an equation was obtained to estimate TP value using each variable ß1 found. A maximum TP of 25% for QTH and 20% for LED was found, suggesting that ceramic light attenuation could compromise light cured and dual cure resin cements polymerization.