The effects of resistance exercise on cognitive function, amyloidogenesis, and neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease.

With the increasing prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and difficulties in finding effective treatments, it is essential to discover alternative therapies through new approaches. In this regard, non-pharmacological therapies, such as physical exercise, have been proposed and explored for the treatment of AD. Recent studies have suggested that resistance exercise (RE) is an effective strategy for promoting benefits in memory and cognitive function, producing neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects, and reducing amyloid load and plaques, thereby reducing the risk, and alleviating the neurodegeneration process of AD and other types of dementia in the elderly. In addition, RE is the exercise recommended by the World Health Organization for the elderly due to its benefits in improving muscle strength and balance, and increasing autonomy and functional capacity, favoring improvements in the quality of life of the elderly population, who is more likely to develop AD and other types of dementia. In this mini-review, we discuss the impact of RE on humans affected by MCI and AD, and animal models of AD, and summarize the main findings regarding the effects of RE program on memory and cognitive functions, neurotrophic factors, Aß deposition and plaque formation, as well as on neuroinflammation. Overall, the present review provides clinical and preclinical evidence that RE plays a role in alleviating AD symptoms and may help to understand the therapeutic potential of RE, thereby continuing the advances in AD therapies.

Efeito da adubação nitrogenada e da sazonalidade na produtividade de Ocimum basilicum L / Effect of nitrogen fertilization on the production and productivity of Basil, red basil (Ocimum basilicum L. ) in spring and autumn seasons.

RESUMO O manjericão (Ocimum basilicum L.) atualmente encontra-se distribuído por todos os continentes e foi introduzido no Brasil com a chegada da colonização italiana. As principais partes utilizadas para comercialização no Brasil são as folhas frescas ou secas. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito de doses da adubação nitrogenada, durante o cultivo na primavera e outono, nas características produtivas e na produtividade de manjericão, Alfavaca basilicão vermelho, em casa de vegetação. O delineamento utilizado foi em blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 6 x 2, com cinco repetições, onde o primeiro fator foi constituído de cinco doses de nitrogênio e uma testemunha (0,0; 45,0; 90,0; 135,0; 180,0 e 225,0 kg ha-1 de nitrogênio) e o segundo, pelas épocas de cultivo (primavera e outono). Para as características produtivas da cultivar de manjericão Alfavaca Basilicão vermelho, verificou-se que as doses de nitrogênio entre 90,0 a 135,0 kg ha-1 foram mais adequadas, elevando todas as características produtivas avaliadas, do cultivo de primavera. Quando observado o cultivo no outono, teve-se ajuste apenas para a projeção de copa, massa fresca de parte aérea e área foliar. Quando se obteve ajuste significativo, a dose de aproximadamente 110,0 kg ha-1 de nitrogênio foi a que promoveu maior desenvolvimento da cultura. Em relação às épocas de cultivo na primavera recomenda-se o uso de adubação mineral nitrogenada, porém quando esse cultivo é realizado outono, a adubação nitrogenada não é responsiva.

ABSTRACT The basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) currently is distributed to all continents and was introduced in Brazil with the arrival of Italian colonization. The main parts used for commercialization in Brazil are the fresh or dried leaves. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of doses of nitrogen fertilization for cultivation in spring and fall, the yield characteristics and the productivity of basil, Basil red in the greenhouse. The experimental design was a randomized block, in a factorial 2 x 6 with five replications, where the first factor constituent of five nitrogen doses and one control (0.0; 45.0; 90.0; 135.0; 180.0 and 225.0 kg ha-1 of nitrogen) and by the second, the growing seasons (Spring and Autumn). For the productive characteristics of the cultivar red Basil, it was found that the nitrogen rates between 90.0 to 135.0 kg ha-1 were better, bringing all tested productive characteristics, the spring crop. When observed growing in the autumn, was only fit for the crown projection, fresh weight of shoot and leaf area. When there was significant adjustment, the dose of approximately 110.0 kg ha-1 of nitrogen was that promoted further development of culture. Regarding the growing seasons in the spring we recommended the use of mineral nitrogen fertilization, but when this crop is performed autumn, nitrogen fertilization is not responsive.

Prevalence and risk variables for peri-implant disease in Brazilian subjects.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to verify the prevalence of peri-implant disease and analyse possible risk variables associated with peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis. The study group consisted of 212 partially edentulous subjects rehabilitated with osseointegrated implants. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The implants placed were examined clinically and radiographically to assess the peri-implant status. The degree of association between peri-implant disease and various independent variables was investigated using a multinomial regression analysis. RESULTS: The prevalence of peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis were 64.6% and 8.9%, respectively. In univariate modelling, healthy peri-implant subjects presented lower plaque scores, less periodontal bleeding on probing, and less time elapsed since placement of supra-structures. In multivariate analyses, the risk variables associated with increased odds for having peri-implant disease included: gender, plaque scores, and periodontal bleeding on probing. Presence of periodontitis and diabetes were statistically associated with increased risk of peri-implantitis. The only two factors, which did not contribute to the presence of the disease, were the time elapsed since placement of supra-structures and the frequency of visits for maintenance care. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that subjects with periodontitis, diabetes, and poor oral hygiene were more prone to develop peri-implantitis.

Analysis of mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum and actin filaments after PDT with AlPcS(4).

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a therapeutic modality for the treatment of tumors. This technique uses a visible light to activate a photosensitizer compounds, leading to a photo-oxidation process of biological tissue that can induce apoptosis or necrosis both in vivo and in vitro. However many of the cytotoxic effects remain an open question to be investigated. The cytotoxicity to specific cellular targets of classical photosensitizers used in the PDT in vitro has been analyzed in this work. The photosensitizing effects of Chloroaluminum Phthalocyanine Tetrasulfonate (AlPcS(4)) were studied on the mitochondria, cytoskeleton and endoplasmic reticulum of HeLa cells. The cells were irradiated with a diode laser (working at 670 nm; energy density of 4.5 J/cm(2 )and power density of 45 mW/cm(2)). The spectrofluorimetric analysis of the mitochondria showed changes in membrane potential. Cytoskeleton and endoplasmic reticulum showed basic alterations in distribution after PDT treatment, as an indicator of cellular death process.

Effect of gas-plasma sterilization on the osteoinductive capacity of demineralized bone matrix.

The current study evaluated the effect of low-temperature hydrogen peroxide gas plasma sterilization on the osteoinductive capability of human demineralized bone matrix using a rat model. Twelve athymic rats received three separate implants consisting of steam-sterilized demineralized bone matrix (negative control), sterile-harvest demineralized bone matrix (positive control), and gas-plasma-sterilized demineralized bone matrix. A demineralized bone matrix pellet from each sterilization group was placed individually into one of three separate soft tissue pockets created in the epaxial musculature of each rat. All 12 rats were euthanized 9 weeks after implantation. Each implantation site was removed along with 0.5-cm normal tissue around the implant. Histologic examination was done on each implant site to determine the presence or absence of new bone, cartilage, or bone marrow elements. All 12 sterile harvest demineralized bone matrix sites histologically contained new bone elements, whereas none of the negative control or gas plasma sterilized demineralized bone matrix sites contained any of these same elements. The results of this study indicate that demineralized bone matrix sterilized with low-temperature, gas-plasma sterilization loses its osteoinductive capacity in a manner similar to that of steam-sterilized demineralized bone matrix, making low-temperature, gas- plasma sterilization unsuitable as a method of secondary sterilization of demineralized bone matrix.