ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are considered the number one cause of death worldwide, especially in low- and middle-income countries, Bolivia included. Lack of reliable estimates of risk factor distribution can lead to delay in implementation of evidence-based interventions. However, little is known about the prevalence of risk factors in the country. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of preventable risk factors associated with CVDs and to identify the demographic and socioeconomic factors associated with them in Cochabamba, Bolivia. METHODS: A cross-sectional community-based study was conducted among youth and adults (N = 10,704) with permanent residence in Cochabamba, selected through a multistage sampling technique, from July 2015 to November 2016. An adapted version of the WHO STEPS survey was used to collect information. The prevalence of relevant behavioural risk factors and anthropometric measures were obtained. The socio-demographic variables included were age, ethnicity, level of education, occupation, place of residence, and marital status. Proportions with 95% confidence intervals were first calculated, and prevalence ratios were estimated for each CVD risk factor, both with crude and adjusted models. RESULTS: More than half (57.38%) were women, and the mean age was 37.89 ± 18 years. The prevalence of behavioural risk factors were: current smoking, 11.6%; current alcohol consumption, 42.76%; low consumption of fruits and vegetables, 76.73%; and low level of physical activity, 64.77%. The prevalence of overweight was 35.84%; obesity, 20.49%; waist risk or abdominal obesity, 54.13%; and raised blood pressure, 17.5%. Indigenous populations and those living in the Andean region showed in general a lower prevalence of most of the risk factors evaluated. CONCLUSION: We provide the first CVD risk factor profile of people living in Cochabamba, Bolivia, using a standardized methodology. Overall, findings suggest that the prevalence of CVD risk factors in Cochabamba is high. This result highlights the need for interventions to improve early diagnosis, monitoring, management, and especially prevention of these risk factors.
Subject(s)
Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology , Adolescent , Adult , Bolivia/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Prevalence , Risk Factors , Young AdultABSTRACT
En el presente trabajo se muestra los resultados de la encuesta "grado de conocimiento del control de la tuberculosis y de sus actividades", efectuada en 1996 a 212 estudiantes del 5o año y a 156 del 6o año de medicina de la Universidad Mayor de San Andres (UMSA) de La Paz, Bolivia. El proposito, de esta encuesta fue reforzar su motivacion y el conocimiento de este contingente porque en breve, desempeñaran funciones durante un año como medicos provinciales (requisito para optar el titulo en Provision Nacional) y una de las principales actividades que deben desarrollar en el area rural es el control de la tuberculosis
Subject(s)
Tuberculosis/prevention & control , National Health Programs/trends , National Health Programs , Bolivia , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , TeachingABSTRACT
Presentamos resultados de la encuesta "Grado de conocimiento sobre el control de la tuberculosis" efectuada a profesionales medicos, enfermeras, laboratoristas y auxiliares en la red de servicios de salud de las ciudades de La Paz y El Alto - Bolivia donde se cumplen actividades del Programa Nacional de Tuberculosis. El trabajo fue realizado en julio y agosto de 1996 cuyos resultados evidencian un pobre grado de conocimiento sobre tareas y actividades de control de tuberculosis por parte de los encuestados, asi como insuficiente analisis y cuestionamiento de las rutinas de los servicios para controlar esta patologia. Los resultados se ofrecen en el presente articulo e identifican problemas para plantear correcciones en el nivel local durante 1997
Subject(s)
Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , National Health Programs/statistics & numerical data , National Health Programs/trends , Tuberculosis/epidemiology , BoliviaABSTRACT
En Bolivia como en los otros países en vías de desarrollo, la mayoría de los casos nuevos de tuberculosis se producen en el grupo de 20 a 49 años que comtempla hombrs y mujeres en los años mas productivos de la vida, con prodominio en el sexo masculino en todos los grupos etáreos, tasa x 100.000 habitantes (año1994)
Subject(s)
Male , Female , Humans , Program Development , Mortality , Tuberculosis , Epidemiology , Infections , RiskABSTRACT
El propósito de este manual es apoyar a los funcionarios de salud del país, sector público, privado, Iglesia, ONGs, etc. que tienen en cada rincón de nuestra patria desarrollan actividades de vacunación y vigilancia epidemiológica de las enfermedades inmunoprevenibles
