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1.
Med. crít. (Col. Mex. Med. Crít.) ; 36(5): 296-311, Aug. 2022. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1448614

ABSTRACT

Resumen: En los últimos años, el mundo entero se vio enfrentado al manejo de pacientes con una patología totalmente nueva y desafiante en términos de su entendimiento fisiopatológico y estrategias de manejo, mientras que su tasa de contagio se incrementaba de manera importante. Se trata de la enfermedad COVID-19, originada por el virus SARS-CoV-2 y que puso en alerta a toda la humanidad. Por lo tanto, se presentaron grandes problemas de salud pública, incluyendo el desabastecimiento de medicamentos y recursos de primera línea para el control de la enfermedad, y en los pacientes críticos se afectó el manejo de soporte óptimo a medida que se superaba la compleja respuesta inmunológica, que terminaba afectando en sus primeros estadios el parénquima pulmonar, y según el estado fisiológico, mórbido y genético del huésped, generando una disfunción orgánica múltiple. En el presente documento se establecen las mejores alternativas para enfrentar un desabastecimiento de medicamentos asociados al abordaje integral de la analgosedación, prevención y manejo de delirium y abstinencia, así como la necesidad de relajación neuromuscular en cada una de las fases por las que atraviesa el paciente crítico hospitalizado en Unidades de Cuidado Intensivo con soporte respiratorio invasivo o no invasivo.


Abstract: In recent years, the entire world has been faced with the management of patients with a totally new and challenging pathology in terms of its pathophysiological understanding and management strategies, while its rate of infection was increased significantly. It is the COVID-19 disease, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, and that put all of humanity on alert. Therefore, major public health problems arose, including shortages of medicines and first-line resources for disease control, and in critical patients, optimal support management was affected as the complex immune response was overcome, which ended up affecting the lung parenchymal in its early stages, and depending on the physiological, morbid and genetic state of the host, generating multiple organ dysfunction. This document establishes the best alternatives to face a shortage of medications associated with the comprehensive approach to analgesia and sedation, prevention and management of delirium and withdrawal, and the need for neuromuscular relaxation in each of the phases that critically hospitalized patients go through in Intensive Care Units with invasive or non-invasive respiratory support.


Resumo: Nos últimos anos, o mundo inteiro se deparou com o manejo de pacientes com uma patologia totalmente nova e desafiadora em termos de compreensão fisiopatológica e estratégias de manejo, enquanto sua taxa de contágio aumentava significativamente. Trata-se da doença COVID-19, causada pelo vírus SARS-CoV-2 que colocou toda a humanidade em alerta. Surgiram, assim, grandes problemas de saúde pública, incluindo a escassez de medicamentos e recursos de primeira linha para o controle da doença, em pacientes em estado crítico afetou-se o manejo do suporte ideal à medida que superavase a complexa resposta imune, que terminava afetando o parênquima pulmonar em seu estágio inicial, e dependendo do estado fisiológico, mórbido e genético do hospedeiro, gerando múltiplas disfunções orgânicas. Este documento estabelece as melhores alternativas para enfrentar a escassez de medicamentos associada à abordagem integral da analgesedação, prevenção e manejo do delirium e abstinência, e a necessidade de relaxamento muscular em cada uma das fases que atravessa o paciente em estado crítico internado na UTI com suporte respiratório invasivo ou não invasivo.

2.
Rev. colomb. anestesiol ; 49(4): e201, Oct.-Dec. 2021. tab
Article in English | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1341237

ABSTRACT

Abstract Introduction Prostatectomy is the standard treatment for patients with clinically localized prostate cancer. Currently, robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) is widely used for its advantages, as it provides better visualization, precision, and reduced tissue manipulation. However, RARP requires a multidisciplinary approach in which anesthesia and analgesia management are especially important. Objective This study aims to describe our experience delivering anesthesia for the first cases of patients undergoing RARP in a teaching hospital in Bogotá, Colombia. Methodology An observational study was conducted. We included all patients undergoing RARP from September 2015 to December 2019 at Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá. All patients with incomplete data were excluded. Patient demographics were recorded, and significant perioperative events were reviewed. Results A total of 301 patients were included. At our institution, the mean age for patients undergoing RARP was 61.4 ± 6.7 years. The mean operative time was 205 ± 43 min and mean blood loss was 300 [200400] mL. Only 6 (2%) patients required transfusion. Age and BMI were not associated with clinical outcomes. Conclusions An adequate perioperative approach in RARP is important to minimize complications, which in this study and in this institution were infrequent.


Resumen Introducción La prostatectomía es el tratamiento estándar para pacientes con cáncer de próstata localizado. Actualmente, la prostatectomía radical asistida por robot es ampliamente utilizada por sus ventajas en visualización, precisión y manipulación de los tejidos. Sin embargo, este abordaje requiere un manejo multidisciplinario, pues el enfoque analgésico y anestésico es fundamental para optimizar los desenlaces. Objetivo Describir los primeros casos de prostatectomía radical asistida por robot realizadas en un hospital universitario de cuarto nivel en Bogotá, Colombia. Metodología Estudio observacional en el cual se incluyeron todos los pacientes sometidos a prostatectomía radical asistida por robot (PRAR) en el hospital Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá entre septiembre de 2015 y diciembre de 2019. Se excluyeron los pacientes con historia clínica incompleta. Se registraron los datos demográficos y se revisaron los eventos perioperatorios importantes. Resultados Se analizaron 301 pacientes. La edad media de pacientes sometidos a PRAR fue 61,4 ± 6,7 años. El tiempo quirúrgico promedio fue 205 ± 43 minutos y la pérdida sanguínea media fue 300 [200-400] mL. Solo 6 pacientes (2 %) requirieron transfusión. La edad y el IMC no mostraron una asociación relevante con los desenlaces clínicos. Conclusiones El adecuado abordaje perioperatorio en PRAR es importante para minimizar las complicaciones, las cuales en este estudio y en esta institución fueron infrecuentes.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Prostatectomy , Natural Orifice Endoscopic Surgery , Robotic Surgical Procedures , Anesthesia, General , Prostatic Neoplasms , Observational Studies as Topic , Analgesia
3.
J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth ; 33(9): 2492-2502, 2019 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30928294

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this clinical trial is to examine whether it is possible to reduce postoperative complications using an individualized perioperative ventilatory strategy versus using a standard lung-protective ventilation strategy in patients scheduled for thoracic surgery requiring one-lung ventilation. DESIGN: International, multicenter, prospective, randomized controlled clinical trial. SETTING: A network of university hospitals. PARTICIPANTS: The study comprises 1,380 patients scheduled for thoracic surgery. INTERVENTIONS: The individualized group will receive intraoperative recruitment maneuvers followed by individualized positive end-expiratory pressure (open lung approach) during the intraoperative period plus postoperative ventilatory support with high-flow nasal cannula, whereas the control group will be managed with conventional lung-protective ventilation. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Individual and total number of postoperative complications, including atelectasis, pneumothorax, pleural effusion, pneumonia, acute lung injury; unplanned readmission and reintubation; length of stay and death in the critical care unit and in the hospital will be analyzed for both groups. The authors hypothesize that the intraoperative application of an open lung approach followed by an individual indication of high-flow nasal cannula in the postoperative period will reduce pulmonary complications and length of hospital stay in high-risk surgical patients.


Subject(s)
Internationality , One-Lung Ventilation/methods , Perioperative Care/methods , Positive-Pressure Respiration/methods , Precision Medicine/methods , Thoracic Surgery, Video-Assisted/methods , Humans , Postoperative Complications/diagnosis , Postoperative Complications/etiology , Postoperative Complications/prevention & control , Prospective Studies , Single-Blind Method , Thoracic Surgery, Video-Assisted/adverse effects
4.
J Clin Anesth ; 56: 100-105, 2019 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30731390

ABSTRACT

STUDY OBJECTIVE: Perioperative fasting guidelines differ in their approaches to chewing gum in the preoperative period. Current recommendations range from canceling the surgery to proceeding with it. Given this lack of consensus, we performed gastric ultrasound assessments in healthy volunteers before and after a standardized period of chewing gum. The objective of our study was to determine if chewing gum for 1 h change the gastric volume. DESIGN: Observational prospective analytical study. SETTING: Bedside gastric ultrasound. PATIENTS: Following institutional Review Board approval, 55 healthy (American Society of Anesthesiologists class I to II) fasted (non-surgical research) volunteers provided written informed consent to participate in the study. Morbid obesity, renal failure, diabetes mellitus, pregnancy and previous upper abdominal surgery were exclusion criteria. INTERVENTIONS: Volunteers chewed gum for 1 h between the first and second assessment. MEASUREMENTS: Four gastric ultrasound assessments were performed, the first one at baseline and then hourly thereafter. MAIN RESULTS: Fifty-five healthy volunteers were studied. The proportion of subjects who presented a completely empty stomach (Grade 0 antrum) was similar at baseline and after 1 h of gum-chewing [81% vs. 84%, p = 0.19, CI 95% (-12%, 16%)]. Among those subjects who had visible fluid at baseline, the volume remained unchanged throughout the study period. CONCLUSIONS: One hour of gum-chewing had no significant effect on the gastric fluid volume of healthy volunteers, suggesting that it may be safe for healthy subjects to chew gum prior to elective surgery.


Subject(s)
Chewing Gum , Fasting/physiology , Gastric Juice/diagnostic imaging , Mastication/physiology , Preoperative Care/standards , Consensus , Female , Gastric Juice/physiology , Healthy Volunteers , Humans , Male , Practice Guidelines as Topic , Prospective Studies , Time Factors , Ultrasonography , Young Adult
5.
Arch Gynecol Obstet ; 296(5): 915-922, 2017 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28884414

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Continuous epidural infusion and programmed intermittent epidural boluses are analgesic techniques routinely used for pain relief in laboring women. We aimed to assess both techniques and compare them with respect to labor analgesia and obstetric outcomes. METHODS: After Institutional Review Board approval, 132 laboring women aged between 18 and 45 years were randomized to epidural analgesia of 10 mL of a mixture of 0.1% bupivacaine plus 2 µg/mL of fentanyl either by programmed intermittent boluses or continuous infusion (66 per group). Primary outcome was quality of analgesia. Secondary outcomes were duration of labor, total drug dose used, maternal satisfaction, sensory level, motor block level, presence of unilateral motor block, hemodynamics, side effects, mode of delivery, and newborn outcome. RESULTS: Patients in the programmed intermittent epidural boluses group received statistically less drug dose than those with continuous epidural infusion (24.9 vs 34.4 mL bupivacaine; P = 0.01). There was no difference between groups regarding pain control, characteristics of block, hemodynamics, side effects, and Apgar scores. CONCLUSIONS: Our study evidenced a lower anesthetic consumption in the programmed intermittent boluses group with similar labor analgesic control, and obstetric and newborn outcomes in both groups.


Subject(s)
Analgesia, Epidural/methods , Analgesia, Obstetrical/methods , Analgesia, Patient-Controlled/methods , Anesthesia, Epidural/methods , Bupivacaine/administration & dosage , Fentanyl/administration & dosage , Labor Pain/drug therapy , Labor, Obstetric/physiology , Adolescent , Adult , Analgesia, Epidural/adverse effects , Analgesia, Obstetrical/adverse effects , Analgesia, Patient-Controlled/adverse effects , Bupivacaine/adverse effects , Drug Administration Schedule , Female , Fentanyl/adverse effects , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infusion Pumps , Infusions, Parenteral , Labor, Obstetric/drug effects , Middle Aged , Pain Management , Pregnancy , Treatment Outcome
6.
Rev. colomb. anestesiol ; 37(1): 81-83, feb.-abr. 2009.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-594578

ABSTRACT

Paciente primigestante de 32 años con embarazo de 38 semanas remitida de otra institución, con antecedente de valvuloplastia mitral por valvulopatia reumática. Presenta cuadro clínico de 36 horas de evolución de sensación de palpitaciones no asociadas a dolor torácico. El EKG reporta fibrilación auricular con respuesta ventricular rápida, radiografía de tórax normal para una embarazada y un ecocardiograma transesofágico que no muestra trombos intracavitarios. El perfil biofísico confirma bienestar fetal.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Anesthesia, Obstetrical , Atrial Fibrillation , Hemodynamics , Obstetrics , Anesthesia , Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Hospital
7.
Rev. colomb. anestesiol ; 36(4): 297-299, dic. 2008.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: lil-636006

ABSTRACT

Paciente femenino de 32 años de edad, primigestante con embarazo de 32 semanas y hernia diafragmática fetal de mal pronóstico con antecedente de colocación de plug intratraqueal 20 días antes.


Subject(s)
Humans
8.
Rev. colomb. anestesiol ; 34(2): 124-28, abr.-jun. 2006. ilus, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-455577

ABSTRACT

Una de las principales causas de complicaciones mayores y mortalidad durante el perioperatorio es la imposibilidad de asegurar una adecuada vía aérea, afortunadamente cada vez menor1. Esto ha llevado al desarrollo de múltiples dispositivos y técnicas con diferentes principios físicos para lograr un abordaje exitoso y tener siempre una herramienta más para garantizar un manejo óptimo de la vía aérea2. En los últimos años, la Asociación Americana de Anestesia (ASA) ha desarrollado y promovido un diagrama de flujo para el abordaje de la misma, el cual se ha actualizado en varias ocasiones, a medida que se conocen mejor las diferentes herramientas de las que disponemos para su manejo3. Este enfoque del manejo de la vía aérea se aplica en situaciones de rutina, así como en situaciones especiales de vía aérea difícil3. Algunas técnicas cuentan con una mejor aceptación y divulgación que otras, basadas en el conocimiento de las mismas. Adicionalmente, para la utilización de nuevas herramientas tecnológicas desarrolladas día a día, debemos tener en cuenta la relación costo-efectividad.


Subject(s)
Intubation , Intubation, Gastrointestinal
10.
Rev. colomb. anestesiol ; 30(3): 195-211, jul. 2002.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-323984

ABSTRACT

El trasplante de organos se ha convertido en un procedimiento rutinario en la práctica clínica con un crecimiento a nivel mundial en el número de centros de trasplantes, lo cual ha conllevado a un mayor número de pacientes trasplantados que sobreviven y quienes se someterán en cualquier momento a procedimientos quirúrgicos postrasplante. Muchos factores han contribuido al exito del trasplante de organos, principalmente en la última década; entre los cuales están los avances en la terapia inmunosupresora, las técnicas quirúrgicas y el soporte en cuidados intensivos. de esta manera, la tasa de sobre vida y la longevidad de éstos pacientes ha aumentado en forma significativa. En este artículo se revisan las alteraciones fisiológicas de los órganos trasplantados, signos y sintomas de rechazo, se describen los principales agentes inmunosupresores y sus efectos adversos, y se proponen esquemas de manejo perioperatorio de el paciente trasplantado previamente.


Subject(s)
Anesthesia , Intraoperative Period , Transplants
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