Atypical cytotoxic lesion and hemorrhagic involvement of the corpus callosum in severe COVID-19 infection.

Introduction/Background The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a large number of deaths and has caused a significant increase in population morbidity. This viral infection has been associated with different neurological symptoms and complications that do not have a clear pathophysiological mechanism and exact implications for these patients. Case Presentation A 40-year-old man with COVID-19 and co-infection with Klebsiella pneumoniae KPC presented extensive pulmonary involvement and required comprehensive management in the intensive care unit (ICU). During his hospitalization, he developed neurological symptoms with evidence of involvement of the corpus callosum, which was attributed to the cytotoxic lesion of the corpus callosum (CLOCC). After several months of interdisciplinary management in the ICU, there was a progressive improvement in his general condition, with discharge from the hospital without significant sequelae, with follow-up images showing complete involvement of the corpus callosum due to what was considered an atypical cytotoxic lesion of the corpus callosum. Conclusion Imaging features of CLOCCs are known to be temporary, but in the setting of COVID-19, it has not yet been determined if this is true and further studies are needed. Nonetheless, the one-year follow-up of our patient makes us believe that this atypical involvement of the corpus callosum described in severe SARS-CoV-2 infections is not transitory, even if there are no neurologic sequelae.

Osteogenesis Imperfecta: A Case Series and Literature Review.

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a hereditary disease of connective tissue characterized by the loss of bone density and mass, which increases the fragility of the bones, thus presenting multiple fractures throughout the years followed by bone deformity and articular instability. This condition has various clinical presentations. We present four cases of OI, one case with type I, two cases with type II, and one case with type III. The clinical diagnosis in most of the cases was clinical; only one of them was confirmed with genomic sequence. The treatment of these cases was based on medication, orthopedic surgery, and recovery and physical therapy. The evolution was torpid in these cases but with prolonged life expectancy despite the severity and type of OI. It is important to highlight that the patients did not have a neurocognitive compromise. Early diagnosis and multidisciplinary medical management are crucial in obtaining better outcomes for this disease, improving the quality of life, and avoiding complications.

Reporte de caso: trombosis venosa cerebral en un paciente con virus de inmunodeficiencia humana / Case report: cerebral venous thrombosis in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus infection

Resumen La trombosis venosa cerebral (TVC) es una presentación clínica poco común del tromboembolismo venoso caracterizada por cefalea, crisis convulsivas, déficits neurológicos focales y papiledema. El diagnóstico es confirmado con Tomografía axial computarizada (TAC) de cráneo y Resonancia magnética nuclear (RMN) cerebral. La TVC tiene una relación importante con el virus de inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH), ya que los pacientes VIH positivos cursan con hiperviscosidad san guínea, alteraciones de factores anticoagulantes endógenos y riesgo de sobreinfección, entre otros; que predisponen a estados protrombóticos y lesión vascular como lo es la TVC. El tratamiento de la TVC es terapia anticoagulante, por lo general se utiliza heparina no fraccionada o heparina de bajo peso molecular para la fase aguda y anticoagulantes orales como la warfarina para el mantenimiento posterior. Reportamos el primer caso documentado de TVC en un paciente VIH positivo en Colombia.

Abstract Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is a rare clinical presentation of venous thromboembolism characterized by headache, seizures, neurological deficits and papi lledema. The diagnosis is confirmed using computed tomography scan (CT scan) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain. CVT has an important relationship with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) given that HIV-positive patients may present with blood hyperviscosity, irregular levels of endogenous anticoagulation factors and risk of sepsis among others, that predispose to prothrombotic states and vascular injury such as CVT. The treatment of CVT is anticoagulant therapy, generally unfractionated heparin or low molecular weight heparin for the early phase and oral anticoagulants such as warfarin for the late phase. This case reports the first documented case of CVT in an HIV positive patient in Colombia.