Outcome of horses undergoing navicular bursotomy for the treatment of contaminated or septic navicular bursitis: 19 cases (2002-2016).

BACKGROUND: Contaminated or septic navicular bursitis has been reported to have a guarded prognosis after surgical treatment with navicular bursotomy only. In our experience, the use of navicular bursotomy for the treatment of this disease in combination with systemic and local delivery of antimicrobials can provide a good prognosis, even in horses with chronic disease. OBJECTIVE: To report the outcome of horses undergoing navicular bursotomy for the treatment of contaminated or septic navicular bursitis. STUDY DESIGN: Descriptive case series. METHODS: Navicular bursotomy was performed in combination with systemic and local antimicrobial therapies. Medical records (2002-2016) were reviewed. Follow-up information was obtained from owners or referring veterinarians. Horse outcome was divided into two groups. A successful outcome (Group 1) was assigned to horses that were able to return to the same level of use or performance as before contamination/infection. A satisfactory outcome (Group 2) was assigned to horses that survived but did not return to their previous function or level of performance. RESULTS: All horses survived to hospital discharge. Follow-up was obtained from 4 months to 12.75 years after surgery. Sixteen horses were able to return to their previous level of use (84.2%) and three horses were able to return to a lower level of performance or were pasture sound (15.8%). All 19 owners were satisfied with the outcome. MAIN LIMITATIONS: Small sample size and retrospective nature of the study. Follow-up was limited to telephone contact with owners and referring veterinarians, and there is potential for recall bias. CONCLUSIONS: Navicular bursotomy in combination with systemic and local antimicrobial therapies is an effective treatment for contaminated or septic navicular bursitis. The success rate in this population makes navicular bursotomy worthy of consideration in cases of contaminated or septic navicular bursitis, especially with chronicity and/or where equipment or expertise for bursoscopy is unavailable.

Breath analysis in patients with end-stage renal disease: effect of haemodialysis.

BACKGROUND: There is no agreement about exhaled nitric oxide (FE(NO)) and its change after haemodialysis (HD) in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. To comprehensively assess NO production in the respiratory system, NO metabolites in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) needs to be measured in addition to FE(NO), taking into account the influence on these markers of airway pH, which may be regulated by ammonia (NH3+), present in large amounts in the breath of ESRD patients and removed by HD. STUDY DESIGN: FE(NO) and NO metabolites (NOx, NO2-,NO3- ), pH and NH3+ in EBC were measured in 12 ESRD patients, before and after HD. Twelve healthy subjects acted as controls. RESULTS: FE(NO )values of ESRD patients were similar to normals, while EBC-NOx, NO2-, NH3+ and pH were significantly higher in ESRD patients compared to normals (EBC-NOx 12.3, range 11.1-41.9 microm vs. 9.4, range 4.6-10.9 microm, P = 0.007; NO2- 4.70, range 1.17-8.22 microm vs. 0.90, range 0.72-1.17 microm, P = 0.023; NH3+ 2340, range 1325-3922 microm vs. 660, range 406-872 microm, P < 0.001; pH 7.16, range 6.82-7.44 vs. 6.60, range 6.42-6.76, P = 0.004, respectively). HD caused a mild significant decrease of FE(NO), and normalization of NH3+, NOx, NO2- and pH. A significant positive relationship between EBC-pH and EBC-NH3+ before and after HD (r(2) = 0.65, P = 0.000) was observed, explaining higher than normal EBC-pH before HD, while no relationship was found between EBC-pH and FE(NO) or NO metabolites. CONCLUSION: Oxidative stress, and not EBC-pH, is the most probable cause of increased NO metabolites in ESRD patients before HD.

Novel mutation in the ATP-binding site of the MET oncogene tyrosine kinase in a HPRCC family.

Germline mutations in the tyrosine-kinase domain of the MET proto-oncogene were found in patients suffering from the hereditary predisposition to develop multiple papillary renal-cell carcinomas (hereditary PRCC, HPRCC). PRCCs are often multiple and bilateral even in patients without a family history. We analyzed the germline of patients carrying multiple or single papillary tumors with and without family history. One patient had a familial cancer and carried a novel (V1110I) germline MET mutation, located in MET gene exon 16. This mis-sense mutation was found in affected members of this patient's family. Interestingly, the V1110I mutation is located in the ATP-binding site of the MET kinase and is homologous to the V157I mutation that triggers the sarcomagenic potential of the v-erbB oncogene. The V1110I mutated MET receptor is an active kinase and transforms NIH-3T3 fibroblasts in the in vitro assays. Patients without familiality did not show germline mutations in the MET kinase domain, showing that multiple and bilateral papillary kidney tumors develop in the absence of these mutations. In conclusion, we describe a new mutation in the MET oncogene kinase domain, associated to HPRCC, affecting an amino-acid residue critical for kinase activation in different oncogenes.

The coronary vasculature and the myocardium.

The effect of bradykinin (BK) on myocardial inotropic state was tested on 5 isolated rat heart preparations, in which a proper ballon was placed to record left ventricular pressure, whose developed systolic value was taken as an index of contractility. A reduction of developed left ventricular pressure was observed when BK was added to the perfusion oxygenated Tyrode solution. However, when BK was given after 1-amino-benzotriazole, an inhibitor of Cytochrome P-450 (Cyt P-450), developed pressure did not change. Since Cyt P-450 is known to act on arachidonic acid inducing the production of epoxiecocistrienoic acids (EETs) which hyperpolarizes myocardial fibres, it was argued that the reduction in contractility by bradykinin was the result of the hyperpolarizing effect of EETs. The fact that the concentration of Cyt P-450 is higher in the vascular endothelial cells than in the sarcolemma of the myocytes and the observation that the coronary resistance decreases together with the contractility suggest that the endothelium plays a pivotal role in mediating the negative inotropic effect of BK.

Etiología de las infecciones agudas del tracto respiratorio inferior en niños menores de 5 años en la ciudad de Buenos Aires / Lower respiratory tract infections in children under five years in Buenos Aires

El presente estudio fue planteado ante la necesidad de identificar los patógenos implicados en las infecciones agudas del tracto respiratorio inferior (IRA) adquiridas en la comunidad y para una población infantil urbana. La muestra estudiada comprendió 1230 pacientes menores de 5 años de edad con IRA, asistidos en tres hospitales públicos de la ciudad de Buenos Aires y alrededores entre 1984 y 1988, a los cuales se les efectuó pruebas diagnósticas convencionales y rápidas en sangre, secreción nasofaríngea, orina y líquido pleural. El estudio realizado permitió obtener diagnóstico etiológico en el 44,4 por ciento de los casos estudiados. La mayor frecuencia correspondió a agentes patógenos virales (30,2 por ciento), seguidos de bacterianos (10,9 por ciento) y de infecciones mixtas virus-bacteria (3,3 por ciento). El virus más frecuentemente detectado fue el virus sincicial respiratorio (VSR) asociado fundamentalmente a bronquiolitis, seguido por adenovirus, parainfluenza 1 y 3 e influenza A y B. La bacteria más frecuentemente detectada fue Streptococcus pneumoniae especialmente asociada a neumonías, seguida por Haemophilus influenzae b, Mycoplasma pneumoniae y Bordetella pertussis. Se pudo observar que a menor edad del niño fue mayor la frecuencia de detección viral. Los agentes bacterianos fueron más frecuentes en niños mayores de 12 meses. Estos resultados, limitados por la metodología empleada, pueden ser explicados por una distribución significativamente diferente de los casos de neumonía bacteriana, más frecuente en niños mayores de 24 meses

Etiología de las infecciones agudas del tracto respiratorio inferior en niños menores de 5 años en la ciudad de Buenos Aires / Lower respiratory tract infections in children under five years in Buenos Aires

El presente estudio fue planteado ante la necesidad de identificar los patógenos implicados en las infecciones agudas del tracto respiratorio inferior (IRA) adquiridas en la comunidad y para una población infantil urbana. La muestra estudiada comprendió 1230 pacientes menores de 5 años de edad con IRA, asistidos en tres hospitales públicos de la ciudad de Buenos Aires y alrededores entre 1984 y 1988, a los cuales se les efectuó pruebas diagnósticas convencionales y rápidas en sangre, secreción nasofaríngea, orina y líquido pleural. El estudio realizado permitió obtener diagnóstico etiológico en el 44,4 por ciento de los casos estudiados. La mayor frecuencia correspondió a agentes patógenos virales (30,2 por ciento), seguidos de bacterianos (10,9 por ciento) y de infecciones mixtas virus-bacteria (3,3 por ciento). El virus más frecuentemente detectado fue el virus sincicial respiratorio (VSR) asociado fundamentalmente a bronquiolitis, seguido por adenovirus, parainfluenza 1 y 3 e influenza A y B. La bacteria más frecuentemente detectada fue Streptococcus pneumoniae especialmente asociada a neumonías, seguida por Haemophilus influenzae b, Mycoplasma pneumoniae y Bordetella pertussis. Se pudo observar que a menor edad del niño fue mayor la frecuencia de detección viral. Los agentes bacterianos fueron más frecuentes en niños mayores de 12 meses. Estos resultados, limitados por la metodología empleada, pueden ser explicados por una distribución significativamente diferente de los casos de neumonía bacteriana, más frecuente en niños mayores de 24 meses (AU)

Detection of circulating antibodies to purified protein derivative by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay: its potential for the rapid diagnosis of tuberculosis.

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detecting antibodies to purified protein derivative was evaluated as a rapid method for serodiagnosis of childhood tuberculosis. Its specificity for IgG antibodies was 0.98 as determined in 55 sera from nontuberculous children who showed no significant effect of previous Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccination on the production of specific antibodies. Results were negative in 29 of 33 (87.9%) tuberculin-positive children and in 18 of 20 (90.0%) contacts, none of whom had evidence of tuberculosis. The sensitivity of this test was 0.51 as determined in 49 sera from bacteriologically confirmed cases; 17 of 27 smear positive cases and 8 of 22 children with positive cultures were detected. Results were positive in 32 of 114 (28.1%) patients with a diagnosis of tuberculosis not confirmed by microbiology. Consequently whereas a negative result does not rule out tuberculosis, a positive result is a strong indication of the disease. The IgM antibody determination yielded much less discriminative results.

Tuberculosis primaria. / Primary tuberculosis

Se presenta el caso de un lactante de 9 meses de edad que presento tuberculosis primaria. Se discuten las caracteristicas clinicas de la enfermedad y se analizan los elementos complementarios del diagnostico y hallazgos necropsicos.Finalmente se presentan aspectos del diagnostico diferencial y tratamiento

[Bronchiolitis]. / Bronquiolitis.

Is an acute bronchial, obstructive disease of the infant caused mainly by the respiratory syncytial virus. It appears epidemically preceded by infections of the upper respiratory ducts, followed by coughing, dysnea, expiratory sibilants, suprasternal and subcostal during inspiration and radiologic evidences of choneking. In the differential diagnosis the physician must consider pulmonary dysgenesis, diaphragmatic hernia, congenital lobar emphysema, congenital cardiopathy, pneumothorax, obstruction due to foreign body, asthmatic crisis and fibrocystic disease. Fundamentally, two diagnoses should be discarded: 1) dyspenic bacterial bronchopneumonic syndrome; 2) prime infection T. B. bronchopneumonia with bronchiolitic syndrome.

[Mediastinal emphysema in children]. / Enfisema mediastínico en el niño.

A review of 25 infants developing pneumediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema was done. These observations suggested that increasing airways presure creates excessive alveolar distention. Pulmonary interstitial emphysema results from movement of air out of alveoli into interstitial areas. From this point air could dissect along the perivascular or interstitial spaces to the mediastinum.