Consulta de enfermagem pré-operatória: Implementação e avaliação / Preoperative nursing consultations: Implementation and evaluation / Consulta preoperatoria de enfermería: Implementación y evaluación

Resumo Enquadramento: O programa Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS() é um programa de cuidados perioperatórios, que objetiva melhorar resultados cirúrgicos e a recuperação do cliente. O enfermeiro tem uma intervenção importante nomeadamente na consulta pré-operatória. Objetivos: Planear, implementar e avaliar a consulta de enfermagem pré-operatória inserida no ERAS®. Metodologia: Estudo descritivo, quantitativo com três fases: planeamento (elaborados documentos orientadores); implementação (realizadas as consultas); avaliação, (através questionário e plataforma de auditoria). Duas amostras não probabilísticas, uma sem consulta e temporalmente anterior ao programa ERAS( (n = 65) e outra com consulta (n = 93). Resultados: Realizadas 96 consultas, em que 74,2% dos clientes ficaram muito satisfeitos e 59,1% consideraram as informações transmitidas muito importantes. Se necessidade de nova cirurgia todos os clientes (100,0%) gostariam de voltar a ter consulta. Tempo médio de internamento reduziu de 7,09 para 6,73 dias (p = 0,044). Tempo de retorno à autonomia na mobilização diminuiu de 3,48 para 2,00 dias (p < 0,001). Conclusão: A consulta foi importante para os clientes, com elevados níveis de satisfação e com efeitos positivos no retorno à autonomia.

Abstract Background: The Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS() program is a perioperative care pathway that aims to improve surgical outcomes and patient recovery. Nurses have a key role, particularly in preoperative consultations. Objectives: To plan, implement and evaluate the preoperative nursing consultation included in the ERAS( program. Methodology: This is a descriptive, quantitative study with three phases: planning (development of guidance documents), implementation (consultations), and evaluation (through a questionnaire and audit platform). The study was conducted with two non-probability samples, one without consultations before the ERAS® program implementation (n = 65) and the other with consultations (n = 93). Results: Ninety-six consultations were held, with 74.2% of the patients reporting they were very satisfied and 59.1% considering the information transmitted very important. If new surgery was needed, all patients (100.0%) stated they would want a consultation. The mean length of hospital stay reduced from 7.09 to 6.73 days (p = 0.044), and the time to recover autonomy in mobilization decreased from 3.48 to 2.00 days (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The consultations were important for patients, had high levels of satisfaction, and positively impacted the recovery of autonomy.

Resumen Marco contextual: El Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS() es un programa de cuidados perioperatorios destinado a mejorar los resultados quirúrgicos y la recuperación del cliente. El enfermero tiene una importante intervención en la consulta preoperatoria. Objetivos: Planear, implementar y evaluar la consulta de enfermería preoperatoria incluida en el ERAS®. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo, cuantitativo con tres fases: planeamiento (elaborados documentos orientadores); implementación (realizadas las consultas); evaluación (a través de cuestionario y plataforma de auditoría). Dos muestras no probabilísticas, una sin consulta y temporalmente anterior al programa ERAS( (n = 65) y otra con consulta (n = 93). Resultados: Realizadas 96 consultas, en las que el 74,2% de los clientes quedaron muy satisfechos y el 59,1% consideraron las informaciones transmitidas muy importantes. En caso de necesitar una nueva intervención quirúrgica, todos los clientes (100,0%) desearían volver a tener consulta. El tiempo medio de internamiento se redujo de 7,09 a 6,73 días (p = 0,044). El tiempo de retorno a la autonomía en la movilización disminuyó de 3,48 a 2,00 días (p < 0,001). Conclusión: La consulta fue importante para los clientes, presentó altos niveles de satisfacción y tuvo efectos positivos en el retorno a la autonomía.

Augmentative and Alternative Communication in Ventilated Patients: A Scoping Review.

OBJECTIVES: to map the benefits of Augmentative and Alternative Communication in ventilated adults in Intensive Care Unit and identify strategies used. METHODS: a Scoping Review was carried out according to the Joanna Brigs Institute Protocol. The research question was: "In adult patients ventilated in Intensive Care Units, what are the benefits of Augmentative and Alternative Communication?". An article research was carried out at PubMed, EBSCOhost and B-On databases. It was held between October and November 2018, from 2013 to 2018, in Portuguese and in English. RESULTS: 61 references were obtained. After selection according to the inclusion criteria, 7 articles were analyzed. CONCLUSIONS: studies enunciate Augmentative and Alternative Communication as a strategy to enhance communication, describing methods and tools. There is no agreement on the most effective tool.

Family transitions to homelessness: a qualitative approach.

OBJECTIVES: to characterize the homeless families who use a Public Shower Room; identify significant life events/phenomena for the family's transition to homelessness; understand the relationship between significant life events; identify future expectations of respondents. METHODS: an exploratory, descriptive study using the interview and thematic content analysis. Sample consisted of public shower room users. RESULTS: mental illness, social, personal and family factors justify the transition of subjects to homelessness. The total absence of hopelessness alternates with expectations for the future based on resilience and hope. Final Considerations: we highlight in the study the self-determination expressed in small expressions of the narrative, on the one hand, as well as aspects related to the evolution of family relationships, on the other.

Augmentative and Alternative Communication in Ventilated Patients: A Scoping Review / Comunicación Aumentativa y Alternativa en Pacientes Ventilados: Scoping Review / Comunicação Alternativa e Aumentativa em Doentes Ventilados: Scoping Review

ABSTRACT Objectives: to map the benefits of Augmentative and Alternative Communication in ventilated adults in Intensive Care Unit and identify strategies used. Methods: a Scoping Review was carried out according to the Joanna Brigs Institute Protocol. The research question was: "In adult patients ventilated in Intensive Care Units, what are the benefits of Augmentative and Alternative Communication?". An article research was carried out at PubMed, EBSCOhost and B-On databases. It was held between October and November 2018, from 2013 to 2018, in Portuguese and in English. Results: 61 references were obtained. After selection according to the inclusion criteria, 7 articles were analyzed. Conclusions: studies enunciate Augmentative and Alternative Communication as a strategy to enhance communication, describing methods and tools. There is no agreement on the most effective tool.

RESUMEN Objetivos: mapear los beneficios de la Comunicación Aumentativa y Alternativa en adultos ventilados en Unidades de Terapia Intensiva e identificar las estrategias utilizadas. Métodos: fue realizada una Scoping Review según el Protocolo Joanna Brigs Institute. La cuestión de investigación fue: "En enfermos adultos ventilados en Unidades de Terapia Intensiva: ¿cuáles los beneficios de la Comunicación Aumentativa y Alternativa?". Una investigación de artículos fue realizada en las bases de datos PubMed, EBSCOhost y B-On, entre octubre y noviembre de 2018, referente al periodo de 2013-2018, en los idiomas portugués e inglés. Resultados: tras la selección según los criterios de inclusión, se obtuvieron 7 referencias. Conclusiones: los diferentes estudios enuncian a Comunicación Aumentativa y Alternativa como estrategia que potencia la comunicación, describiendo los métodos e instrumentos. No existe consenso relativamente al instrumento más eficaz.

RESUMO Objetivos: mapear os benefícios da Comunicação Alternativa e Aumentativa em adultos ventilados em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva e identificar estratégias utilizadas. Métodos: realizada uma Scoping Review segundo o Protocolo Joanna Brigs Institute. A questão de pesquisa foi: "Em doentes adultos ventilados em Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos, quais os benefícios da Comunicação Alternativa e Aumentativa?". Realizada pesquisa de artigos nas bases de dados PubMed, EBSCOhost e B-On, entre outubro e novembro de 2018, referente ao período de 2013 e 2018, nos idiomas português e inglês. Resultados: foram obtidas 61 referências. Após seleção de acordo com os critérios de inclusão, foram analisados 7 artigos. Conclusões: os diversos estudos enunciam a Comunicação Alternativa e Aumentativa enquanto estratégia potenciadora da comunicação, descrevendo métodos e instrumentos. Não existe consenso relativamente ao instrumento mais eficaz.

Family transitions to homelessness: a qualitative approach / Transiciones familiares a la falta de vivienda: un enfoque cualitativo / Transições familiares para a situação de sem-teto: uma abordagem qualitativa

ABSTRACT Objectives: to characterize the homeless families who use a Public Shower Room; identify significant life events/phenomena for the family's transition to homelessness; understand the relationship between significant life events; identify future expectations of respondents. Methods: an exploratory, descriptive study using the interview and thematic content analysis. Sample consisted of public shower room users. Results: mental illness, social, personal and family factors justify the transition of subjects to homelessness. The total absence of hopelessness alternates with expectations for the future based on resilience and hope. Final Considerations: we highlight in the study the self-determination expressed in small expressions of the narrative, on the one hand, as well as aspects related to the evolution of family relationships, on the other.

RESUMEN Objetivos: caracterizar las familias sin-hogar, usuarias de un Balneario Publico; identificar los fenómenos/acontecimientos de vida significativos por la transición de la familia para sin-hogar; comprehender la relación entre los acontecimientos de vida significativos; identificar las expectativas por el futuro de los inquiridos. Métodos: estudio exploratorio, descriptivo, con recurso a la entrevista y la análisis temática de contenido. La muestra fue constituida por usuarios de un Balneario Publico. Resultados: la enfermedad y los factores de orden social, personal y familiar justifican la transición de los sujetos para sin-hogar. La ausencia total de expectativas, marcadas por la desesperanza, alterna con las expectativas futuras asientes en la resiliencia y en la esperanza. Consideraciones Finales: relevamos en el estudio la autodeterminación asiente en pequeñas expresiones de la narrativa, así como los aspectos ligados a la evolución de la unidad familiar.

RESUMO Objetivos: caracterizar as famílias sem-teto utilizadoras de um Balneário Público; identificar os fenômenos/acontecimentos de vida significativos para a transição da família para a condição de sem-teto; compreender a relação entre os acontecimentos de vida significativos; identificar as expectativas para o futuro dos inquiridos. Métodos: estudo exploratório, descritivo utilizando a entrevista e a análise temática de conteúdo. A amostra foi constituída pelos usuários de um Balneário Públic. Resultados: a doença mental, os fatores de ordem social, pessoal e familiar justificam a transição dos sujeitos para a condição de sem-teto. A ausência total de expectativas, marcadas pela desesperança, alterna com as expectativas futuras assentes na resiliência e na esperança. Considerações Finais: relevamos no estudo a autodeterminação expressa em pequenas expressões da narrativa, por um lado, bem como os aspetos ligados à evolução das relações familiares, por outro.

Application of a ventilator associated pneumonia prevention guideline and outcomes: A quasi-experimental study.

OBJECTIVE: Ventilator associated pneumonia is the most frequent health-care-associated infection in Intensive Care Units, causing increased antibiotic consumption and resistance, length of stay, plus multiple health and economic costs. The aim of the study was to assess whether a customised guideline implementation would improve ventilator-associated pneumonia incidence and associated intensive care outcomes. DESIGN: This was a quasi-experimental, before-after study consisting of pre-intervention, intervention and post-intervention periods. SETTING: Three intensive care units at a well-known Portuguese hospital centre. INTERVENTION: A set of eight recommendations was implemented after a guideline adaptation process. PATIENTS: Adult patients admitted to the intensive care units over the study periods, aged 18 years or older and under invasive ventilation through an endotracheal tube or tracheostomy cannula. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Data related to patient characterisation, guideline compliance and health outcomes were analysed. From a population of 1970 patients, a study sample of 828 was studied. Compliance with the recommendations was high. We identified a significant reduction in the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia in two of the units (p = 0.020 and p = 0.001) and a reduction in duration of invasive ventilation, intensive care unit length of stay and mortality in all the three units. We found associations between some recommendations and the implementation of the set of recommendations and intensive care unit length of stay, duration of invasive ventilation and mortality. CONCLUSION: The implementation of an evidence-based, locally customised guideline may improve ventilator associated pneumonia incidence and several outcomes.

Nursing Interventions in the Enhanced Recovery After Surgery®: Scoping Review.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the Nursing interventions, described in literature, in the ERAS® program. METHOD: We defined a scoping review based on the recommendations of The Institute Joanna Brigs (JBI) and on research in electronic databases. We chose the studies through flow diagrams "Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA)" and presented them in a chart. RESULTS: We found 306 articles published between 2010 and 2018 and included 14 of them. The main results were: the crucial role nurses play throughout the surgical process, which begins at the preoperative nursing consultation; goes to post-operative care, such as early giving food to patients, effective management of pain or early mobilization; and ends in telephone follow-up. CONCLUSION: The introduction of the surgical program ERAS® may be an opportunity for nurses to play a more influential role in the surgical path, directly involving with their clients' results.

Intubation-associated pneumonia: An integrative review.

OBJECTIVE: This article aims to characterise intubation-associated pneumonia regarding its diagnosis, causes, risk factors, consequences and incidence. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY: Integrative literature review using database Pubmed and B-on and webpages of organisations dedicated to this area of study. SETTING: The research took place between May and July 2015. After selection of the articles, according to established criteria, their quality was assessed and 17 documents were included. RESULTS: Evidence has demonstrated that intubation associated pneumonia has a multifactorial aetiology and one of its main causes is micro-aspiration of gastric and oropharynx contents. Risk factors can be internal or external. The diagnostic criteria are based on clinical, radiological and microbiological data, established by several organisations, including the European Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, which are, however, still not accurate. In recent years, there has been a downward trend in the incidence in Europe. Nevertheless, it continues to have significant economic impact, as well as affecting health and human lives. CONCLUSIONS: Several European countries are committed to addressing this phenomenon through infection control and microbial resistance programmes; however there is a much to be done in order to minimise its effects. The lack of consensus in the literature regarding diagnosis criteria, risk factors and incidence rates is a limitation of this study.

Nursing Interventions in the Enhanced Recovery After Surgery®: Scoping Review / Intervenciones de Enfermería en el Programa Enhanced Recovery After Surgery®: Scoping Review / Intervenções de Enfermagem no programa Enhanced Recovery After Surgery®: scoping review

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify the Nursing interventions, described in literature, in the ERAS® program. Method: We defined a scoping review based on the recommendations of The Institute Joanna Brigs (JBI) and on research in electronic databases. We chose the studies through flow diagrams "Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA)" and presented them in a chart. Results: We found 306 articles published between 2010 and 2018 and included 14 of them. The main results were: the crucial role nurses play throughout the surgical process, which begins at the preoperative nursing consultation; goes to post-operative care, such as early giving food to patients, effective management of pain or early mobilization; and ends in telephone follow-up. Conclusion: The introduction of the surgical program ERAS® may be an opportunity for nurses to play a more influential role in the surgical path, directly involving with their clients' results.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Identificar las intervenciones de Enfermería en el programa ERAS® descriptas en la literatura. Método: Se elaboró una Scoping Review basada en las recomendaciones del Institute Joanna Brigs (JBI) y con investigación en bases de datos electrónicas. Los estudios fueron seleccionados a través de los diagramas de flujo de los Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) y presentados en un marco. Resultados: Se han encontrado 306 artículos publicados entre 2010 y 2018, habiéndose incluido 14 de ellos. Los principales resultados son: el papel crucial que el enfermero desempeña a lo largo de todo el proceso quirúrgico, empezando en la consulta de enfermería preoperatoria, pasando por los cuidados post-operativos como la introducción temprana de la alimentación, la gestión eficaz del dolor o la movilización precoz y, terminando con el seguimiento telefónico. Conclusión: La implementación del programa quirúrgico ERAS® puede ser una oportunidad para que los enfermeros desempeñen un papel más influyente en el recorrido quirúrgico, involucrándose directamente en los resultados del cliente.

RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar as intervenções de Enfermagem no programa ERAS® descritas na literatura. Método: Foi elaborada uma scoping review com base nas recomendações do The Institute Joanna Brigs (JBI) e na pesquisa em bases de dados eletrônicas. Os estudos foram selecionados através de diagramas de fluxo Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) e apresentados em um quadro. Resultados: Foram encontrados 306 artigos publicados entre 2010 e 2018, tendo-se incluído 14 deles. Os principais resultados são: o papel crucial que o enfermeiro desempenha ao longo de todo o processo cirúrgico, começando na consulta de Enfermagem pré-operatória, passando pelos cuidados pós-operatórios como a introdução precoce da alimentação, gestão eficaz da dor ou mobilização precoce e terminando com o follow-up telefônico. Conclusão: A implementação do programa cirúrgico ERAS® pode ser uma oportunidade para o enfermeiro desempenhar um papel mais influente no percurso cirúrgico, envolvendo-se diretamente nos resultados do cliente.