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1.
Neurol Sci ; 37(3): 437-42, 2016 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26613723

ABSTRACT

Many guidelines are available for the management of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTSs) in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, but no agreement exists on the best approach for subjects without LUTSs. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether LUTSs can be detected in MS patients asymptomatic for urinary dysfunction, comparing three different tools [measure of post-void residual volume (PRV), bladder diary (BD), a focused questionnaire (IPSS)], and whether disability, disease duration and signs of pyramidal involvement are linked to their subclinical presence. 178 MS patients (118 women) have been included (mean age 41.2 years, mean disease duration 11.3 years, mean EDSS 2.2), and tested with the above-mentioned tools. PRV was abnormal in 14 subjects (7.8%), associated to abnormal findings at IPSS in 3 cases, at BD in 2 cases, at both in 1. BD was abnormal in 37 subjects (20.8%), with concomitant abnormal PRV in 2, abnormal IPSS in 10 cases, abnormal IPSS and BD in 1. IPSS was ≥ 9 in 43 subjects (24.1%). At least one test was abnormal in 76 patients (42.7%): 1 in 57 patients (32.0%), 2 in 17 (9.5%), and 3 tests in 2 (1.1%). Patients with at least one abnormal urinary variable, compared to patients without urinary abnormalities, had a more frequent pyramidal involvement (69.5 vs. 16.8%, χ(2) = 48.6, p < 0.00001), a more frequent occurrence of EDSS ≥2 (83.1 vs. 23.5%, χ(2) = 56.9, p < 0.00001), and a longer disease duration (15.7 ± 7.3 vs. 9.1 ± 7.1, t = 5.7, p < 0.00001). Asymptomatic LUTS were frequent but none of the tests used permitted to better identify asymptomatic patients.


Subject(s)
Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms/diagnosis , Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms/physiopathology , Multiple Sclerosis/diagnosis , Multiple Sclerosis/physiopathology , Adolescent , Adult , Age Factors , Aged , Algorithms , Female , Humans , Logistic Models , Male , Middle Aged , Multivariate Analysis , Severity of Illness Index , Time Factors , Young Adult
2.
Case Rep Hematol ; 2012: 428279, 2012.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22937328

ABSTRACT

Histiocytic sarcoma (HS) is a neoplasm derived from histiocytes. Its diagnosis was not clear until its immunohistochemistry profile was correctly established. Not much is known about its genetic properties. We report a case of a 48-year-old male patient whose bone marrow was almost completely occupied by monomorphic medium size neoplastic cellularity. Its immunohistochemical profile was CD68(+), CD4(+), CD45(+) with negativity of other dendritic cells, and other lineage markers. Cytogenetic study showed 4 related clones: one with trisomy 8 and extra material on the short arms of chromosome 4; a second line with tetrasomy of chromosome 8, add(4)(p16); the third clone had the same alterations as the previous and deletion of chromosome 3 at q11; the fourth line had tetrasomy 8 and translocation t(3;5)(q25;q35). To our knowledge this is the first HS case showing chromosome 8 trisomy and tetrasomy and the other described alterations.

4.
Haematologica ; 86(8): 807-13, 2001 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11522536

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: To analyze in patients with de novo acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) treated with an ATRA plus anthracyclin-based protocol if the presence of additional cytogenetic aberrations to the t(15;17) influences: 1. clinical and biological presenting features; 2. disease outcome. DESIGN AND METHODS: One hundred and thirteen patients with newly diagnosed APL enrolled in the APL-96 protocol of the Spanish PETHEMA group were studied by conventional karyotyping, FISH and RT-PCR for the PML-RARa fusion. Treatment was homogeneous in all cases and consisted of anthracyclines and ATRA. RESULTS: Additional chromosome aberrations were observed in 30% of cases. The most frequent secondary changes were +8 (14 cases), and abnormalities of chromosomes 9 or 3 (4 patients each), and of chromosomes 1 and 8 (3 cases each). No clinical, biological, morphological, immunophenotypic or molecular differences were observed between the group of APLs with t(15;17) alone and the group of patients with additional changes. Patients with additional changes had a higher rates of complete remission (CR) and 4-year disease-free survival (DFS) (97%, and 97%, respectively) than patients with t(15;17) alone (CR, 70% and DFS, 84%) but these differences were not statistically significant. INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS: Patients with APL and additional cytogenetic abnormalities do not show different clinical, biological, morphological or molecular features as compared to patients with t(15;17) alone. The prognosis of patients with APL and t(15;17) alone and those with additional changes is similar in both groups. This study indicates that there is no rationale for administering more intensive treatment in APL patients with additional cytogenetic abnormalities receiving ATRA plus anthracycline-based chemotherapy.


Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/administration & dosage , Cytogenetic Analysis , Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/genetics , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/administration & dosage , Child , Chromosome Aberrations , Disease-Free Survival , Female , Humans , Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/diagnosis , Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/drug therapy , Male , Middle Aged , Remission Induction , Treatment Outcome , Tretinoin/administration & dosage
5.
Cancer Genet Cytogenet ; 127(1): 38-41, 2001 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11408063

ABSTRACT

We report herein a 38-year-old male patient with Fanconi anemia but with few phenotypic manifestations--short stature, sterility, and hypoplasic anemia with several years of evolution-who developed a myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Bone marrow karyotype showed long arm triplication of chromosome 1 (q12-21q31-q32), and two markers add(11)(p15) and add(21)(q22) which had extra material of chromosome 3 besides the normal chromosome 3 pair. Peripheral blood showed chromosome instability; SCE was normal. Both the patient and his family showed a high prevalence of malignant diseases. 1q duplication and, in a few cases, triplication of 1q has been related to Fanconi anemia, being of unknown significance.


Subject(s)
Chromosome Aberrations , Chromosome Disorders , Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1/genetics , Fanconi Anemia/genetics , Adult , Bone Marrow/pathology , Cytogenetic Analysis , Humans , Male , Sister Chromatid Exchange
6.
Cancer Genet Cytogenet ; 120(2): 144-7, 2000 Jul 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10942806

ABSTRACT

The implication of MLL gene rearrangements in the prognosis of acute myeloblastic leukemia is an issue of considerable current interest. We report a case of a young man who initially presented with a pancytopenia and went on to develop a highly-aggressive acute myeloblastic leukemia. At this time, the karyotypic study revealed trisomy 8, a t(9;11) was demonstrated by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and the MLL/AF4 rearrangement by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).


Subject(s)
Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11/genetics , Chromosomes, Human, Pair 8/genetics , Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9/genetics , Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute/genetics , Pancytopenia/pathology , Proto-Oncogenes , Transcription Factors , Trisomy , Adult , Blotting, Southern , Cytogenetic Analysis , DNA, Neoplasm/genetics , DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics , Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase , Humans , In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence , Karyotyping , Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute/pathology , Male , Myeloid-Lymphoid Leukemia Protein , Nuclear Proteins/genetics , Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics , Pancytopenia/genetics , Translocation, Genetic
7.
Cancer Genet Cytogenet ; 120(2): 163-5, 2000 Jul 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10942810

ABSTRACT

We report three cases of tetrasomy 8 associated with myeloid disease. Two patients had chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMMoL) and the other had acute monocytic leukemia (AML M5 FAB). Two patients had trisomy/tetrasomy chromosome 8 as the sole abnormality. The other patient with CMMoL had two normal 8 chromosomes plus one isochromosome 8q; this is the first case of long arm chromosome 8 tetrasomy without short arm 8 monosomy. This cytogenetic finding suggests the importance of the genes located in the long arms of chromosome 8.


Subject(s)
Aneuploidy , Chromosome Aberrations , Chromosome Disorders , Chromosomes, Human, Pair 8/genetics , Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute/genetics , Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Chronic/genetics , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Chromosome Banding , Fatal Outcome , Female , Humans , Karyotyping , Leukemia, Monocytic, Acute/pathology , Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Chronic/pathology , Male , Trisomy
9.
Haematologica ; 85(1): 31-4, 2000 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10629588

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Rearrangements of the short arm of chromosome 12 have been described in different hematologic malignancies. Some of these abnormalities showed a rearrangement of the ETV6 gene. We studied the 12p region in one case with a t(8;12)(q12;p13) by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). DESIGN AND METHODS: We have identified a chromosome translocation, t(8;12)(q12;p13) in two patients with myeloid disorders; one with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) and one with refractory anemia (RA). FISH studies with specific probes (cosmids and YACs) for the 12p region were used to investigate one case. RESULTS: FISH studies demonstrated hemizygous loss of the ETV6 and CDKN1B regions and two copies of the CCDN2 locus, as a result of the balanced translocation and an additional copy of the der(8). INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS: Myeloid diseases with t(8;12)(q12;p13) have an interstitial deletion of 12p, including the ETV6 and CDKN1B regions. A duplication of CCDN2 locus can also be found.


Subject(s)
Anemia, Refractory/genetics , Chromosomes, Human, Pair 12 , Chromosomes, Human, Pair 8 , Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics , Translocation, Genetic/genetics , Aged , Chromosomes, Human, Pair 12/genetics , Chromosomes, Human, Pair 8/genetics , Fatal Outcome , Gene Deletion , Gene Duplication , Humans , In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence , Karyotyping , Male
10.
Haematologica ; 84(11): 978-87, 1999 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10553157

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Interferon-a (IFN) is increasingly being used as the drug of choice in chronic myeloid leukemia patients. The main objectives of the study were to study the influence of the classic prognostic variables and response to IFN, and to assess the influence of this response on the course of the disease and survival. DESIGN AND METHODS: Single arm, prospective, multicenter study, without a control group. Only Ph1-positive CML patients were included. The treatment scheme was biphasic: the patients first received standard chemotherapy and thereafter IFN-a2a was used as monotherapy, with a target dose of 9 MU/d/s.c. RESULTS: Twenty-one centers in Spain enrolled 132 patients (72 men, 60 women). The median dose of IFN given was 5.8 MU/d, and the median treatment duration was 431 days (range: 18-2,597). Seventy-two percent of patients obtained a hematologic response in the first six months of IFN treatment. Genetic response was obtained in 47% of the patients, and the response was major or complete in 27% and 19%, respectively. The median time to obtain this response was 7, 9, and 18 months for minimal, partial and complete genetic response, respectively. Multivariant analysis showed that only a higher percentage of basophils at diagnosis was associated with a worse hematologic response at six months (p=0.001) (OR: 1.23) and with a worse cytogenetic response in the first year of IFN therapy (p=0.018) (OR: 1.4). Over an observation period of 8 years, 35.6% of the patients died, and 85 (64.4%) remained alive. With a median follow-up of 42 months (3.7-98), the 6-year projected probabilities of survival and transformation-free survival were 0.61+/-0.07 vs. 0.54+/-0.07, respectively. Patients with Kantarjian's stage 3 disease or in a high-risk Sokal group had lower probabilities of survival, but these systems did not adequately discriminate in our series. Obtaining a complete hematologic response in the first six months of IFN therapy was favorable in terms of overall survival (p=0.05; HR=0.33). Cox's analysis demonstrated that obtaining a cytogenetic response in the first year was independently associated with better overall survival (p=0.04; HR=0.19) and better transformation-free survival (p=0.0035; HR=0.11). INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS: Nearly half of the patients obtained some degree of Philadelphia suppression, which was major in 27%, and complete in 19%. A higher percentage of basophils at diagnosis was the only variable associated with a lower probability of cytogenetic response. Obtaining a cytogenetic response during the first year of IFN treatment was a favorable and independent variable in terms of survival and transformation-free survival. Obtaining a major cytogenetic response during this period decreased the risk of transformation twenty times. Our results suggest that the effect of IFN on survival is independent of the classic prognostic variables.


Subject(s)
Basophils/pathology , Interferon-alpha/administration & dosage , Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy , Leukemia, Myeloid, Chronic-Phase/drug therapy , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Child , Cytogenetic Analysis , Female , Hematologic Tests , Humans , Interferon alpha-2 , Interferon-alpha/toxicity , Leukocyte Count , Male , Middle Aged , Philadelphia Chromosome , Prognosis , Recombinant Proteins , Spain/epidemiology , Survival Rate , Thrombocytopenia/chemically induced , Time Factors , Treatment Outcome
11.
Med Clin (Barc) ; 112(13): 481-4, 1999 Apr 17.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10353112

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The Philadelphia chromosome (Ph') is originated by the t(9;22) which determines the rearrangement BCR/ABL. This rearrangement has been associated with an unfavourable prognosis in patients diagnosed with adult acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). PATIENTS AND METHODS: The BCR/ABL gene (p210 and p190) was prospectively studied by nested RT-PCR in 17 adult patients diagnosed with ALL BCR/ABL-positive cases were monitored by RT-PCR and cytogenetic techniques over the treatment period (LAL-93 AR protocol). RESULTS: BCR/ABL mRNA was detected in 8 out the 17 patients studied (47%). The Ph' chromosome was detected in 4 cases. Follow-up was completed in 6 out of the 8 BCR/ABL positive cases. PCR only became negative in one patient. The 5 patients with persistently positive BCR/ABL relapsed, whereas the case which became negative was still in complete remission after 24 months follow-up. In 3 out of the 4 Ph' positive patients, the karyotype was normal after induction therapy. CONCLUSIONS: This study clearly demonstrates the usefulness of molecular analysis in the diagnosis and follow-up of ALL compared with conventional cytogenetic techniques. The importance of molecular analysis to assess the efficacy of the treatment used has been emphasized and the poor evolution of BCR/ABL-positive patients has been confirmed.


Subject(s)
Genes, abl/genetics , Oncogene Proteins/genetics , Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/genetics , Protein-Tyrosine Kinases , Proto-Oncogene Proteins , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Blotting, Southern , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Philadelphia Chromosome , Prospective Studies , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcr , Recurrence , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods
12.
Bone Marrow Transplant ; 23(5): 483-8, 1999 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10100563

ABSTRACT

Interferon alpha (IFN alpha) induces cytogenetic responses in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) who relapse after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). The purpose of this study was to analyze the therapeutic role of IFN alpha in this setting. The experience of a single institution and the published results on this topic were evaluated. We have included patients who received IFN alpha as a single agent, excluding those patients who received previous or simultaneous donor leukocyte infusions. The outcomes of 11 patients treated in our center and those of 108 previously reported patients have been analyzed. Five out of 11 patients treated in our institution obtained a complete cytogenetic response (CGR). Two patients continue in complete cytogenetic response 3.5 and 8.2 years later, and the qualitative RT-PCR is negative for bcr-abl RNA. The CGR has been transient in one patient, and follow-up is short in the other two. Secondary effects have been acceptable, with myelosuppression as the main toxic effect. Graft-versus-host disease did not occur. The literature review identified 108 patients treated with IFN alpha as sole therapy for relapsed CML. Cytogenetic response and CGR seem to be better in patients with cytogenetic relapse, as compared to patients with hematologic relapse (61% vs. 45% and 45% vs. 28%, respectively). Several patients remained in CGR for more than 5 years. This overview also suggests that CGR is more frequent when IFN alpha is used in patients relapsing after non T-depleted BMT. IFN alpha induces complete cytogenetic response in nearly half of the patients with CML who relapse after allogeneic BMT, with acceptable toxicity. We believe that these results using IFN alpha as a front-line therapy for CML relapsing after BMT warrant a randomized comparison with donor lymphocyte infusions.


Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents/administration & dosage , Bone Marrow Transplantation , Interferon-alpha/administration & dosage , Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive , Humans , Injections, Subcutaneous , Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy , Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology , Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/therapy , Recurrence , Transplantation, Homologous , Treatment Outcome
16.
Cancer Genet Cytogenet ; 100(1): 1-4, 1998 Jan 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9406572

ABSTRACT

We report the case of a patient with a myeloproliferative syndrome and traits of myelodysplasia and myelofibrosis whose karyotype showed 5q and 13q deletions, as well as Philadelphia chromosome negativity. A molecular biology study performed by Southern blot, with a probe covering the M-bcr region, led to detection of three bands other than the germinal ones, which hints at the possible existence of two cut points in the M-bcr region of an allele, or participation of both alleles. The patient presented a complex hematological picture, which might be explained on the basis of the cytogenetic and molecular findings.


Subject(s)
Chromosome Deletion , Chromosomes, Human, Pair 13 , Chromosomes, Human, Pair 5 , Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics , Gene Rearrangement , Myeloproliferative Disorders/genetics , Philadelphia Chromosome , Blotting, Southern , Female , Humans , Middle Aged
17.
Med Clin (Barc) ; 109(7): 251-5, 1997 Sep 06.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9333689

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Alpha interferon can induce complete cytogenetic responses (CGR) in nearly 25% of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients, but few of them obtain molecular responses (i.e. disappearance of the chimeric RNA bcr-abl). The incidence and evolution of this response are not well known. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The molecular response has been explored in six CML patients, four in first chronic phase and two in relapse after bone marrow transplantation, who have obtained durable and sustained CGR. Bone marrow samples have been analyzed by double step RT-PCR. Results have been correlated with clinical and karyotype findings. RESULTS: Twenty nine samples have been studied. Every patient in first chronic phase CML have obtained molecular response, but this response has not been persistent. One of the patients with relapsing CML after showed transient PCR negativity, whereas persistent PCR positivity was detected in the other one. CONCLUSIONS: Interferon alpha can induce complete molecular responses in CML patients, but in this study this responses have been fluctuant in all the patients.


Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use , Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics , Interferon-alpha/therapeutic use , Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy , Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Polymerase Chain Reaction , RNA/analysis , Remission Induction
18.
Am J Med Genet ; 68(4): 428-32, 1997 Feb 11.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9021016

ABSTRACT

We report on the clinical, cytogenetic, and molecular characterization of a propositus and his mother with a duplication of 3q25-q26, minor anomalies, and mental retardation. The duplication, detected by cytogenetic analysis, was confirmed and delineated by comparative genomic hybridization and fluorescence in situ hybridization using probes previously mapped to the region. Comparison of the mapping data obtained in these patients and those obtained in patients that present with a typical dup(3q) syndrome phenotype shows that the segment duplicated in these patients lies proximally to the reported dup(3q) syndrome critical region, thus explaining the absence in our patients of the characteristic phenotype of dup(3q) syndrome patients. Accumulation of mapping data in patients with segmental duplications of 3q will eventually allow us to build a duplication map of the region and a genotype-phenotype correlation.


Subject(s)
Chromosome Aberrations/genetics , Chromosome Disorders , Chromosomes, Human, Pair 3 , Intellectual Disability/genetics , Adolescent , Child , Chromosome Mapping , Ear/abnormalities , Female , Fingers/abnormalities , Hand Deformities, Congenital/genetics , Humans , In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence , Infant, Newborn , Male , Microcephaly/genetics , Multigene Family , Pregnancy
19.
Cancer Genet Cytogenet ; 92(1): 79-81, 1996 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8956877

ABSTRACT

We describe the cytogenetic study of a neuroendocrine tumor of Merkel cells which appeared in a patient following a heart transplant. An abnormal karyotype was observed in a metastatic lymph node. The abnormality includes two markers derived from the long arm of chromosome 1, while maintaining two normal chromosomes 1.


Subject(s)
Aneuploidy , Carcinoma, Merkel Cell/genetics , Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1/genetics , Skin Neoplasms/genetics , Arm , Genetic Markers , Heart Transplantation , Humans , In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence , Karyotyping , Male , Middle Aged
20.
Am J Hematol ; 53(3): 169-74, 1996 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8895687

ABSTRACT

Cytogenetic analysis is the gold standard for the follow-up of CML patients. The sensitivity of cytogenetics is fairly similar to that of Southern detection of M-BCR rearrangement (5%); this last technique has the potential advantage of being independent of cell division and yield of metaphases. IFN alpha treatment can induce lack of growth of hemopoietic precursors and poor yield of metaphases has been observed. For this reason we decided to study the grade of concordance and complementarity between analysis of karyotype and detection of M-BCR rearrangement of Southern blot. We studied 43 Ph1 positive, M-BCR positive pre-BMT CML patients (48 samples) treated with IFN alpha 2a. Karyotype was done on bone marrow cells by direct method, culture, and banding. Southern technique was performed onto DNA from peripheral blood leukocytes treated with BgIII (and Xbal if necessary) and hybridized with the universal probe (Ph1/bcr-3, Transprobe 1) labelled with dCTP32. A highly significant association between both tests was obtained. Of 48 samples analyzed, 34 were evaluable by both methods and 28 gave the same result for both tests. The concordance between the tests was good (kappa index: 0.63). Of total samples 27.1% was not evaluable by cytogenetics; this figure was 31.2% in samples from patients who were previously in complete cytogenetic response. All of the specimens not evaluable by karyotyping were evaluable by Southern. One sample was not analyzable by Southern but it was evaluable by cytogenetic analysis. The information obtained by Southern technique was clinically relevant, and decisions were made according to its results. We conclude that both tests show a significant association and a good concordance, although they are not interchangeable. Cytogenetic and molecular studies are complementary and must be employed together in CML patients treated with alpha-interferon.


Subject(s)
Blotting, Southern , DNA, Neoplasm/analysis , Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics , Immunologic Factors/therapeutic use , Interferon-alpha/therapeutic use , Karyotyping , Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics , Philadelphia Chromosome , Bone Marrow Examination , Cell Division , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Interferon alpha-2 , Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology , Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/therapy , Neoplasm, Residual , RNA, Messenger/genetics , Recombinant Proteins , Remission Induction , Sensitivity and Specificity
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