ABSTRACT
We reviewed data collected between January 1987 and December 1989 on the etiology of acute respiratory infections (ARI) among 827 children in two low-income communities and a hospital in Rio de Janeiro. Respiratory syncytial virus was identified in 38% of cases of ARI, influenza A virus in 1%, parainfluenza 3 virus in 1%, and multiple viruses in 1%. Respiratory syncytial virus was most prevalent among hospitalized children, with seasonal increases in the late fall and winter. The principal bacterial pathogens were Staphylococcus aureus, gram-negative bacteria, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and alpha-hemolytic streptococci. Specimens that were most often positive were pleural fluid (46%) and specimens from other normally sterile sites (24%); normally sterile sites included the CSF, trachea, and lungs. Urine counterimmunoelectrophoresis for S. pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae polysaccharide antigens was positive in 3% and 2% of cases, respectively. Pharyngeal cultures yielded low numbers of S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae organisms and higher numbers of gram-negative bacteria. This study demonstrates the high incidence of ARI (4.5 cases per 100 child-weeks) among children in Rio de Janeiro and the high morbidity associated with the illness (ARI is responsible for 25%-50% of all pediatric hospitalizations) and the fact that continued attention must be paid to both viral and bacterial agents of ARI.
Subject(s)
Respiratory Tract Infections/microbiology , Acute Disease , Brazil , Child, Preschool , Female , Hospitals , Humans , Incidence , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Prospective Studies , Respiratory Tract Infections/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Pulmonary lesions compatible with adenovirus infection were detected by gross and microscopic examination of autopsy tissues children aged from 5 to 34 months. Hepatic lesions indicative of systemic infection were also found in four of the chisldren. The viral etiology was confirmed in three cases by in-situ hibridization, electro-microscopy and immunofluorescence performed in parafin-embedded tissues, and in one case by cell culture isolation of adenovirus type 2 from nasopharyngeal exudate. Routine testing by methods additional to conventional light microscopy would probably have revealed a larger number of adenovirus infections among the 1.103 autopsy records analyzed in this study
Subject(s)
Child , Humans , Adenoviridae Infections , Adenovirus Infections, Human , Pneumonia, Viral/etiologyABSTRACT
Pulmonary lesions compatible with adenovirus infection were detected by gross and microscopic examination of autopsy tissues from children aged from 5 to 34 months. Hepatic lesions indicative of systemic infection were also found in four of the children. The viral etiology was confirmed in three cases by in-situ hybridization, electron-microscopy and immunofluorescence performed in paraffin-embedded tissues, and in one case by cell culture isolation of adenovirus type 2 from nasopharyngeal exudate. Routine testing by methods additional to conventional light microscopy would probably have revealed a larger number of adenovirus infections among the 1,103 autopsy records analyzed in this study.
Subject(s)
Adenovirus Infections, Human/pathology , Pneumonia, Viral/pathology , Adenoviruses, Human/ultrastructure , Child, Preschool , Humans , Infant , Liver/microbiology , Liver/ultrastructure , Pneumonia, Viral/microbiologyABSTRACT
Duzentos e trinta e uma amostras fecais,coletadas durante o periodo de julho de 1984 a julho de 1988, originarias de crianças de um mes a cinco anos de idade, acometidas de diarreia aguda, foram analisadas atraves de microscopia eletronica (ME), ensaio imunoenzimatico (IE), eletroforese em gel de poliacrilamida (EGPA) do RNA viral e aglutinaçao do latex (AL), a fim de se comparar a sensibilidade e a importancia das tecnicas usadas. Constatou-se que do total, 47 amostras (47/231, 20,3%)foram consideradas positivas para rotavirus por pelo menos uma tecnica, 32 amostras detectadas por ME (32/47,68,0%); 31 amostras por EGPA (31/47, 65,9%), 31 por IE (31/47,65,9%) e 30 amostras por AL (30/47,63,8%). Dezoito amostras (18/47,38,2%) foram positivas pelas quatro tecnicas, nove amostras (9/47,19,1%) positivas por tres tecnicas, sete amostras (7/47, 14,8%) positivas por duas tecnicas e 184 amostras (l84/231,79,6%) negativas pelas quatro tecnicas. A concordancia entre as quatro tecnicas foi de 87,4% (202/231). A analise estatistica (Teste de McNemar) entre os resultados dos testes em que se detectou maior diferença de positividade,i.e., ME x AL, mostrou nao haver diferença significativa na sensibilidade dos metodos utilizados (P>0,5).
