[Study of lutein and zeaxanthin content in the diet with the assessment of the relationship between the level of alimentary intake of non-vitamin carotenoids and the density of the macular region of the retina at a young age].

Lutein and zeaxanthin are carotenoid pigments that affect the function of the visual analyzer. They selectively accumulate in the yellow spot of the retina, form macular pigment and determine the density of the retina macula. Lutein and zeaxanthin slow down the progression of age-related macular degeneration, a leading cause of senior-age blindness. The main food sources of non-vitamin carotenoids are green leafy vegetables, zucchini, pumpkin, green peas, broccoli. The aim of the study is a retrospective assessment of the levels and sources of alimentary intake of lutein and zeaxanthin in young people and research of the effect of lutein and zeaxanthin in the diet on macula density. A specially designed questionnaire was used to quantify the content of lutein and zeaxanthin in the diet, reflecting the amount of consumption of the main sources of these carotenoids on the day preceding the survey. A non-invasive non-contact method of optical coherence tomography of the retina was used to determine the density of the macula. The study involved 96 students of Sechenov University at the age of 21-27 years. The study found that only 6.25% of the respondents had daily intake of lutein and zeaxanthin of 6 mg or more, 8.33% had 4.6-5.9 mg, 8.33% had 3.0-4.5 mg, in 18.75% - 1.5-2.9 mg, in 45.83% <1.4 mg. 12.5% of respondents didn't include sources of lutein and zeaxanthin in the diet. The more common sources of lutein and zeaxanthin in the diet were eggs and fresh tomatoes. Retinal density indices corresponded to the age standards in the majority of the examined. In 8.3% surveyed the thickness of the retina was decreased, and 4.2% had higher thickness of the retina in comparison with the standards. Significant differences in the Central subfield thickness in men and women were revealed. There was no dependence of the levels of lutein and zeaxanthin coming from food sources on the retina thickness indicators.

[Hygienic assessment of indoles in the diet of medical students].

A number of studies have shown the relationship between the regular consumption of cruciferous vegetables and the risk of malignant tumors in certain localizations, the activation of mechanisms of alimentary adaptation of the organism under conditions of alien loads, by inducing enzymes of the biotransformation system of xenobiotics. The cruciferous vegetables are distinguished by the presence of minor components, such as indole-3-carbinol, formed during the hydrolysis of glucosinolates. The aim of the investigation was a retrospective study of the content of indoles in students' diet with subsequent quantitative analysis in different comparison groups. The study involved 250 students from a medical university aged 21 to 27 years. To assess the actual nutrition, the developed questionnaires were used, which included the most common products in the Moscow region, sources of indole glucosinolates. It was found that 44% of the respondents didn't include cruciferous vegetables in the diet, and of those who consumed sources of indoles (56% of respondents), only about half received them in the recommended amount. It should also be noted that as in men, in women the most commonly used in the diet product as a source of indoles was cabbage, it was included in the diet of 68% of the respondents who used cruciferous vegetables, rarely pekin cabbage was used (16.3%) and broccoli (16.3%). Cauliflower, radishes, Kale and horseradish was included in the diet of 7.8-14.9% of the students. Less often turnip was consumed - only by 2.1% of the students. No significant differences in the consumption of indoles in the student with deficient, normal or overweight was revealed. Also, there was no correlation between excess weight and the consumption of various indoles sources. The obtained results testify to the extremely low level of alimentary intake of indole-3-carbinol.

[Influence of various levels of vitamin D and calcium in the diet on variability of microbes association of rats].

It is established, that the microecological system of intestines microbes association structurally reacts to the maintenance of vitamin D and calcium in food. Thus change of frequency of occurrence, the specific maintenance and a dispersion of separate components of system is observed. Besides character and force of correlation communications between concentration of microbes varies. The revealed principles of formation and change of microbic community of intestines enable to define mechanisms of selective management of microbic components microbes association.

[The role of food factor in the forming of the variety of the characteristics of fecal microbiocenosis in rats].

The researchers studied mechanisms of the forming of fecal microbiocenosis in rats on different diets. The composition of nutritional elements had a significant effect on the qualitative and quantitative composition of both indigenous and transitory fecal microflora. Under scant diet, the leading role in the forming of intestinal microbiocenosis belonged to macroorganism characteristics, while under excessive nutrition intestinal microbiocenosis depended mostly on the composition of the dietary intake. The study found that excessive nutrition lowered competition for the nutrition substrate, and indigenous microflora no more prevented the growth of transitory one.

[Influence of different diets on special formation of fecal microbes association].

Aim of the present study was research special formation fecal microbes association depending on different diets. The three groups rats were fed diets to be different on quality and quantity composition. Was established, that diet composition exert influence to frequency situated and contents of all types of fecal microbes. In situation of nutrients deficiency there were not microbes synergism. In situation of increase diet components had been formatting synergetic microbes association, include all of bacteria's types. As result of the present study is the demonstrated possibility nonprobiotic correction dysbiotic condition with different diet's components.