Avulsion of permanent teeth with open apex: a systematic review of the literature

Introduction: Considered the most serious of dental injuries, avulsion is known as the total displacement of tooth out of its socket. Treatment includes immediate replantation and its success is directly related to several factors. Objective: This paper aimed to review the literature in a systematic way on dental avulsion of permanent teeth with open apex, covering various topics such as: reason for avulsion; storage media; time out of the socket; use of antibiotics; splinting time; tooth vitality; presence of resorption and/or obliteration of pulp canal; and following-up time. Material and methods: PubMed/MedLine database and Dental Traumatology journal were searched, from May to June of 2011, and several studies comprising the current and classic literature were listed using the following terms: tooth avulsion, open apex, permanent and case report. Results and conclusion: Twelve cases reports were selected. Cases of dental trauma in open apex teeth may have a good prognosis if the following steps are taken: the hydration of the tooth and immediately replantation. It is important to search dental care, even if everything seems solved, and the tooth following-up should be performed periodically as informed by the dentist.

A microbiological profile of unexposed and exposed pulp space of primary endodontic infections by checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to evaluate, by checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization, the composition of the microbiota of primary endodontic infections in cases associated with exposed (n = 30) and unexposed (n = 30) pulp space. METHODS: Samples were collected by means of a #15 H-type file and 2 sterile paper points from 60 single-rooted teeth with necrotic pulp and periapical lesions. The presence, levels, and proportions of 40 bacterial species were determined by checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization. RESULTS: The species found in higher counts (×10(5)) in exposed pulp space cases were Eubacterium saburreum, Fusobacterium nucleatum ssp. vincentii, Tannerella forsythia, Enterococcus faecalis, Neisseria mucosa, Campylobacter gracilis, and Prevotella nigrescens, and in unexposed pulp space cases they were F. nucleatum ssp. vincentii, N. mucosa, E. faecalis, E. saburreum, C. gracilis, and Porphyromonas gingivalis. Counts of F. nucleatum ssp. vincentii, Campylobacter sputigena, Capnocytophaga showae, Treponema socrenskii, Porphyromonas endodontalis, Eikenella corrodens, and Capnocytophaga ochracea were significantly higher in unexposed pulp space cases (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: The data of the present investigation suggested specific differences between the composition of the microbiota in cases with exposed and unexposed pulp space and an association between higher levels of some specific species and unexposed pulp space cases.

Avaliação da citotoxicidade dos três cimentos endodônticos empregados na obturação do sistema de canais radiculares / Evaluation of the cytotoxicity of three root canal sealers

Introdução e Objetivo: avaliar in vitro a citotoxicidade de um cimento à base de óxido de zinco e eugenol - o Endofill e outros dois cimentos à base de resina epóxica, Sealer 26 e AH Plus sob a linhagem de células VERO C1008. Material e Métodos: A citotoxicidade foi avaliada através de um novo reagente que vem sendo usado em imunologia para extinguir a fluorescência denominado FluoroQuenchTM AO/EB e o uso do corante para avaliar as alterações morfológicas nas células em 24, 48 e 72 horas após o contato com os cimentos. Resultados: houveram diferenças nas médias dos valores da viabilidade celular pelos testes ANOVA e t de student. Em todos os períodos, os cimentos Endofill e Sealer 26, quando frescos e após o endurecimento, causaram uma diminuição significativa na densidade e na morfologia celular. Conclusão: O AH Plus provou ser o menos tóxico logo após a manipulação, enquanto que, uma leve reação tóxica pôde ser observada quando esse foi testado após o endurecimento.

Introduction and Objective: to determine the cytotoxicity of Endofill a zinc oxide-eugenol based sealer and two an epoxy resin based sealers, Sealers 26 and AH Plus. Material and Methods: This experiment included cell line VERO C1008 and the cytotoxicity was assessed with a new reagent to extinguish fluorescence, FluoroQuenchTM AO/EB, is added of dying target cells. Morphological cell changes were evaluate at three observation periods, 24, 48 and 72 hours. Results: It was showed differences in mean cell viability values were assessed by ANOVA and t-student. In all periods Endofill and Sealer 26 both fresh and set states, causing a significant decrease in cell density and morphological changes. Conclusion: AH Plus proved to be least toxic in freshly mixed, whereas less toxic reaction could be seen in relation to set state.Keywords: cytotoxicity, endodontic sealers, root canal.

A microbiological profile of symptomatic teeth with primary endodontic infections.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the composition of the microbiota of primary endodontic infections associated with symptomatic teeth. Samples were collected by means of a #15 H-type file and 2 sterile paper points from 60 symptomatic (n = 30) or asymptomatic (n = 30) single-rooted teeth with necrotic pulp. The presence of 40 bacterial species was determined by the checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization method. The species found in higher counts (x10(5)) in symptomatic cases were Fusobacterium nucleatum ssp. vincentii, Veillonella parvula, Treponema socranskii, Enterococcus faecalis, and Campylobacter gracilis and in asymptomatic cases were F. nucleatum ssp. vincentii, Fusobacterium nucleatum ssp. nucleatum, E. faecalis, Eubacterium saburreum, and Neisseria mucosa. Total bacterial counts and counts of Tannerella forsythia were significant higher in symptomatic cases (p < 0.05), whereas levels of Propionibacterium acnes were reduced in this group of teeth. The data of the present investigation suggested an association between higher total bacterial counts and levels of T. forsythia and the presence of pain.