ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Migration of medical practitioners is rarely studied despite its importance in medical demography: the objective of this study was to analyze the characteristics and motivations of the French doctors settled in the United Kingdom and of the British doctors settled in France. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted using a self-completed questionnaire sent to all French doctors practicing in the United Kingdom (in 2005) and all British medicine doctors practicing in France (in 2009). The doctors were identified with official data from the National Medical Councils: 244 French doctors practicing in the United Kingdom and 86 British doctors practicing in France. The questionnaire was specifically developed to determine the reasons of moving to the other country, and the level of satisfaction after expatriation. RESULTS: A total of 98 French doctors (out of 244) and 40 British doctors (out of 86) returned the questionnaire. Respondents were mainly general practitioners with a professional experience of 8 to 9 years. The sex ratio was near 1 for both groups with a majority of women among physicians under 50 years. The motivations were different between groups: French doctors were attracted by the conditions offered at the National Health Service, whereas British doctors were more interested in opportunities for career advancement, joining husband or wife, or favourable environmental conditions. Overall, the respondents considered expatriation as satisfactory: 84% of French doctors, compared with only 58% of British doctors, were satisfied with their new professional situation. CONCLUSION: This study, the first in its kind, leads to a clearer understanding of the migration of doctors between France and the United Kingdom.
Subject(s)
Attitude of Health Personnel , Emigration and Immigration/statistics & numerical data , Motivation , Physicians/psychology , Adult , Career Choice , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , France , Humans , Male , Physicians/statistics & numerical data , Surveys and Questionnaires , United KingdomABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to estimate the case fatality rates of Zaire, Sudan, and Bundibugyo Ebola species, responsible for sometimes-lethal hemorrhagic fevers. METHODS: We performed a meta-analysis of World Health Organization data on outbreaks of infections due to theses species. RESULTS: Twenty outbreaks, including the current one, were studied. The estimated case fatality rate was 65.4% (CI 95% [54.6%; 75.5%]) and varied among the outbreaks. A species effect was identified, with a higher case fatality rate for the Zaire species than for Sudan and Bundibugyo species. The case fatality rate of the Zaire species tended to decrease with time. CONCLUSION: The case fatality rates associated with these 3 species was high. A great variability was observed. It could be explained partly by a species effect and by the decrease of Zaire species case fatality rate, with time.
