Dynamics of antibody production in mice infected with Toxascaris leonina Linstow, 1909.

Using counterimmunoelectrophoresis and ELISA tests the dynamics of antibody production in serum of mice experimentally infected with Toxascaris leonina was studied. The production of antibodies using both tests has already been detectable in serum of mice from 7 days post infection (DPI) and their level persisted till the end of the experiment, i.e. till 77 DPI. The most positive were reactions of sera with Antigens 1 and 3.

The dynamics of eosinophilia in concurrent infections with Trichinella spiralis Owen, 1835 and Toxascaris leonina Linstow, 1909.

The concurrent infection with larvae of Trichinella spiralis and eggs of Toxascaris leonina was studied under various conditions using 75 male white mice. The changes in content of eosinophilic leucocytes in the blood, as well as the total number and distribution of larvae of both parasites in different body tissues were demonstrated. The primary infection with Toxascaris leonina caused an increase in the number of eosinophilic leucocytes from day 4 p.i., whereas the infection with Trichinella spiralis larvae induced an increase only from day 7 p.i. An antagonism was observed between the two parasite species: the primary infection with T. leonina led to a decrease in the total number of muscle larvae of T. spiralis, and, vice versa, the primary infection with T. spiralis suppressed the development of T. leonina.

The effects of host sex and sex hormones on Trichinella spiralis Owen, 1835 and T. pseudospiralis Garkavi, 1972 in the mouse.

The intensity of Trichinella spiralis and T. pseudospiralis infections and effects of sex hormones, oestrogen (Agofollin) and testosterone (Agovirin), were studied in SPF ICR mice with respect to different sexes of the host. Males were found to be more sensitive to T. spiralis and T. pseudospiralis infections than the females. The number of larvae in the infected mice decreased after the application of the female sex hormone oestrogen to males and male sex hormone testosterone to females.

Effect of vitamins on Trichinella spiralis Owen, 1835 infection in mice.

The effects of vitamins A, B complex, E, and ADE on the body weight, eosinophilia, intensity of infection and distribution of T. spiralis larvae were studied in mice. The greatest loss of weight followed after the application of vitamins B complex and E. An increased eosinophilia appeared in the majority of infected mice since day 7 p.i., reaching the maximum on day 21 p.i. In mice receiving vitamins B complex, A, and ADE, the increased eosinophilia was observed still on day 60 p.i. The highest levels of eosinophilia occurred after the application of vitamins B complex and E, which was directly proportional to the intensity of infection. The lowest intensity of infection was recorded in mice receiving vitamin A. Though there were great differences between individual mice, the greatest number of larvae were localized in the diaphragm and left masseter.

Effect of vitamins on Trichinella pseudospiralis Garkavi, 1972 infection in mice.

The effects of vitamins A, B complex, E, and ADE on the eosinophilia, body weight, number of obtained larvae and distribution of larvae of Trichinella pseudospiralis were examined in mice. The increased eosinophilia started to appear in the majority of infected mice from day 7 p.i., the maximum being around day 21 p.i. The highest values of eosinophilia were observed in the mice after application of vitamin B complex. In spite of considerable individual differences, the greatest decrease in body weight occurred in mice receiving vitamins E and B complex. The greatest numbers of larvae were obtained from mice receiving vitamins E and B complex, which is proportional to the increase in eosinophilia. The numbers of muscle larvae in untreated mice and in those receiving vitamins ADE were approximately the same. The lowest numbers of larvae occurred in mice receiving vitamin A. In all mice groups the greatest numbers of larvae were localized in the left foreleg and diaphragm.

Effects of low temperatures on larvae of the genus Trichinella.

We examined the effect of an exposure to -25 degrees C (for 8 days) on the histochemistry and the fine structure of 30-day-old Trichinella larvae from muscle fibres of the diaphragm. The larvae of T. pseudospiralis and T. nelsoni were either destroyed in the muscle fibres, dead, eosinophile, or were not found. The structureless mass of a degenerating, changed sarcoplasm was highly AIP-active, and gave a weak positive reaction for SS-groups of proteins. The wall of the deformed capsule around T. nelsoni, and the cuticle of the larva, stained diffusely; it did not contain AM. In a few muscle fibres exposed to -25 degrees C, histochemical reactions of the capsule surrounding larvae of T. nativa and sometimes of larvae of T. spiralis, and reaction of the changed sarcoplasm, were similar to those of the controls. A few mobile larvae were isolated by digestion only from a diaphragm infected with T. nativa. Deterrent to a prolonged survival of larvae were the formation of ice crystals and a denaturation of proteins by which the sarcoplasm of the infected muscle fibre was changed gradually into both a plasmolytically and karyolytically altered mass. Degenerative changes in the fine structure of infected muscle fibres were demonstrated by the presence of "spheromembranous bodies" in the sarcoplasm resembling myeline formations observed after exposure to poisonous substances, e.g., colchicine.

Changes in the blood picture of white mice experimentally infected with various species of ascarids.

The blood picture was studied in white mice experimentally infected with Ascaris suum, Toxocara cati, and Toxascaris leonina. In mice infected with A. suum, maximum number (17%) of eosinophiles occurred on day 28 p.i. In mice infected with T. cati, the eosinophilia increased already from the first day after infection, reaching the maximum (26%) on day 21 p.i. In mice infected with T. leonina, the eosinophilia increased from day 7 to day 28 p.i. and a slightly increased number of eosinophiles persisted during the whole experiment.

Migration of some roundworm species in experimentally infected white mice.

The migration of four roundworm species (Ascaris suum, Toxocara canis, T. cati and Toxascaris leonina) was studied in various organs of experimentally infected white mice. The hatching of T. leonina and T. cati larvae in the paratenic host is more rapid (24-36 h) than the hatching of A. suum and T. canis larvae (1-6 days). The deposition of larvae in host organs is different in the individual species. Maximum number of larvae in the liver: T. leonina and A. suum on day 4, T. canis on day 2 and T. cati on day 1. Maximum number of larvae in the lungs: A. suum and T. leonina on day 7, T. cati on day 2 and T. canis on day 1. Maximum number of larvae in muscles: A. suum on day 21 only rarely, T. canis and T. cati on day 3 and T. leonina on day 28. In the brain occurred mostly the larvae of T. canis and a lower number of T. cati larvae, whereas the other two nematode species did not occur at all in this organ.

The migration of larvae of Toxascaris leonina (Linstow, 1909) in experimentally infected white mice.

The migration of larvae of Toxascaris leonina was studied in 168 white mice. The larvae were found in lungs of 96% of infected mice on days 4-135, in genital organs (84%), intestinal mucosa (81%) and skeletal muscles (100%) on day 10 post infection. The maximum number of larvae were detected in intercostal muscles on day 105 post infection.

[Eosinophilia in white mice in experimental toxocariasis and recurrent ascariasis]. / Eozinofilie u bílých mysí pri experimentální toxokaróze a pri opetné invazi askaridózy.

Twenty-five white mice were experimentally invaded by the larvae of Toxocara cati, and their blood count was followed. On the seventh day after invasion the number of eosinophil leucocytes started to increase and the maximum (28%) was reached on the twenty-first day. After 45 days the mice were newly invaded by eggs of Ascaris suum. The number of eosinophil leucocytes increased again and reached its maximum on the fourteenth day (26%). The increased eosinophilia in mice was observed until the 204th day after invasion, or until the 159th day after the new invasion. Between the number of eosinophil leucocytes and lymphocytes there was an indirect relation.