Teaching and mental health in medical students.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between quality of life, perceived stress, anxiety, and depression in medical students and the university teaching method: traditional method versus active methodology. METHODS: Four questionnaires were administered to volunteer students (n=361) enrolled in two institutions that employ active (Universidade Tiradentes) or traditional (Faculdade de Medicina do ABC) teaching methodology: socioeconomic level; brief quality of life (World Health Organization Quality of Life-Bref); perceived stress scale (PSS10); and depression and anxiety scale (hospital anxiety and depression scale). RESULTS: Of the students who responded to the questionnaires (226 UNIT and 135 FMABC), 70% were female and 67% were White. The majority did not use medication for depression (90%), anxiety (81%), and stress management (91%). Regarding anxiety, it was found: absence in the traditional method and moderate anxiety in the active methodology (26% UNIT×13% FMABC) (p<0.001). Regarding quality of life, it was found to be better quality of life in the environment domain at FMABC (78.12%) versus 71.88% at the UNIT (p<0.001). There was no difference between the institutions in relation to depression and perceived stress, and in quality of lifethere was only a difference in the environmental domain (p<0.001). In relation to gender, stress was higher in females (93.7%) than males (79.6%) with p<0.001. CONCLUSION: Differences were recorded between the groups regarding anxiety, with a predominance in UNIT students (active methodology), and no differences were recorded in relation to depression, perceived stress, and quality of life in all domains, except for the environment domain, which was higher in the traditional methodology, although about one-third of participants used medication for anxiety/depression.

The Association between Physical Activity and Anxiety in Aging: A Comparative Analysis.

(1) Background: As the worldwide aging population is growing, there is a need to embrace the role of physical activity in the anxiety of older people. Objectives: To analyze anxiety in older people practitioners and non-practitioners of physical activity; (2) Methods: ample composed of 690 older people of both genders, unselected volunteers, residing in Brazil, present (as participants or observers) in selected street races in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, between 30 October 2019, and 12 March 2020. An instrument composed of the sociodemographic questionnaire and questions from the Beck Anxiety Inventory, BAI, and the Physical Activity Inventory for older people, Baecke-Old. Design: Ex-post-facto observational analytical descriptive research; (3) Results: The average age of the sample was in the range of 65 to 69y, 74% female, 94% completed high school, 69% living with the family, 84% practicing physical activity. Anxiety levels were 26% (without), 35% (mild), 21% (moderate), and 18% (severe). The comparison of anxiety showed a difference between the groups of active and sedentary elderly. Logistic regression analysis considering anxiety (yes or no; dichotomous variable) and physical activity (yes or no; dichotomous variable) and Odds Ratio were performed to identify possible influences of the independent variables PA, gender, marital status, and education on anxiety. Only physical activity was associated with anxiety. (4) Conclusions: The sample data of this research point to the conclusion that physical activity influences anxiety levels with 98% certainty, and it is suggested that it be enriched in the future with different studies with different designs. The older people practitioners of physical activity with a high level of education presented as 26% without, 35% mild, 21% moderate, and 18% severe anxiety. More active individuals are less likely to develop anxiety.

Impact of Physical Activity on Anxiety, Depression, Stress and Quality of Life of the Older People in Brazil.

BACKGROUND: Population aging all over the world invites older people to be active, considering physical activity (PA) as associated with reduced anxiety, depression and stress and a high quality of life (QOL) in older people. OBJECTIVE: To analyze anxiety, depression, stress and QOL as a function of PA in older people. METHODOLOGY: Descriptive analytical research. Six hundred and ninety older people answered the instrument composed of sociodemographic questions, followed by questions from the WHOQOL-Old, Baecke-Old, WHOQOL-SRPB, Stress Perception Scale, Beck Anxiety Inventory and Beck Depression Inventory. RESULTS: The beneficial effect of PA on the elderly is evident in this sample with such a high QoL (73%) and such a high level of physical activity (84%), and even with an advanced level of education (75%) and high spirituality (99.6%). The influence of PA on the anxiety and stress cluster showed Pearson's chi-square = 9.9, DF = 4, p = 0.04239, critical value = 9.5. The influence of PA on the anxiety, depression and stress cluster showed Pearson's chi-square = 6.8; DF = 5; p-value = 0.24; critical value = 11.1. CONCLUSION: In the elderly, PA has a significant relationship with anxiety, stress and QOL. In addition, the high level of QOL of the elderly in the sample demonstrates the capacity for PA, educational level and spirituality for personal satisfaction.

Gestão da dispneia na pessoa em situação crítica: intervenção de enfermagem especializada / Management of dyspnea in the critically ill: specialized nursing intervention

A dispneia é percebida como sendo semelhante à asfixia, sendo um dos piores sintomas experimentados por doentes críticos, incluindo os que acabam por ser ventilados mecanicamente. A dispneia é um preditor independente de morbidade e mortalidade em populações específicas de doentes e não se limita apenas a doenças de origem pulmonar. Este trabalho expõe o culminar do percurso realizado no contexto do Curso de Mestrado em Enfermagem na Área de especialização à Pessoa em Situação Crítica da Escola Superior de Enfermagem de Lisboa, com o objetivo de desenvolver competências especializadas de enfermagem no cuidado à pessoa em situação crítica com dispneia. Adotou-se a metodologia de projeto. Realizou-se uma RIL, um estágio em Serviço de Urgência e outro em Unidade de Cuidados Intensivos. Participámos em atividades de formação e disseminação de conhecimento científico. O meu pensamento e ação foi sustentado pela filosofia de Laurie Gottlieb. As atividades realizadas possibilitaram atingir os objetivos e o desenvolvimento de competências de mestre e especializadas de enfermagem no cuidado à pessoa em situação crítica com dispneia. São várias as intervenções utilizadas para assistir os doentes na UCI e no SU com dificuldade respiratória e que mostraram efeitos benéficos na gestão da dispneia e dos fatores que a originam, como a ansiedade e a dor. A elaboração deste relatório mostrou ser benéfico na aprendizagem enquanto futura enfermeira especialista e mestre em enfermagem, havendo repercussões consequentes na área da melhoria contínua da qualidade dos cuidados.

Dyspnoea is perceived to be like asphyxia, being one of the worst symptoms experienced by critically ill patients, including those who end up being mechanically ventilated. Dyspnoea is an independent predictor of morbidity and mortality in specific patient populations and is not limited to diseases of pulmonary origin. This work exposes the culmination of the journey carried out in the context of the master's Course in Nursing in the Specialization Area for the Person in Critical Situation at the Escola Superior de Enfermagem de Lisboa, with the objective of developing specialized nursing skills in the care of the person in critical situation with dyspnoea. The design methodology was adopted. There was an RIL, an internship in an Emergency Service and another in an Intensive Care Unit. We participated in training activities and dissemination of scientific knowledge. My thinking and action were underpinned by the philosophy of Laurie Gottlieb. The activities carried out made it possible to achieve the objectives and the development of master's and specialized nursing skills in caring for people in critical situations with dyspnoea. There are several interventions used to assist patients in the ICU and ER with breathing difficulties that have shown beneficial effects in the management of dyspnoea and the factors that cause it, such as anxiety and pain. The preparation of this report proved to be beneficial in learning as a future specialist nurse and master's in nursing, with consequent repercussions in continuous improvement in the quality of care.

Quality of life in Brazilian elderly: an analysis of healthy aging from the perspective of Potter's global bioethics.

INTRODUCTION: Quality of Life (QOL) is essential for healthy aging and through the WHOQOL-Old, it is possible to analyze factors that increase vulnerability and reduce QOL. Aligned with healthy aging is Potter's global bioethics proposing expanded ethics and social justice. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the QOL of Brazilian elderly from the perspective of Potters global bioethics. METHOD: Analytical observational research with a quantitative approach composed of 280 Brazilian, aged 60 or over, of both gender, volunteers, who answered the WHOQOL-Old online. RESULT: Global score of 77.9%, with the mean ± standard deviation: Functioning of the senses 86% (17.22 ± 2.80); Autonomy 78.5% (15.7 ± 2.60); Past, present, and future activities 77.3% (15.46 ± 2.34); Social participation 74.9% (14.99 ± 2.62); Death and dying 71.6% (14.33 ± 3.88) and Intimacy 79.1% (15.82 ± 2.82). CONCLUSION: Elderly perceived their QOL positively. In the quest to promote healthy aging, it is necessary to broaden the vision for social justice proposed by Potters global bioethics.

Effects of a physical activity governmental health programme on the quality of life of elderly people.

BACKGROUND: The population ageing occurring worldwide resulted in multiple researches on sedentary ageing and quality of life. PURPOSE: To verify the effects of a physical activity programme on the quality of life (QOL) of elderly individuals served by a governmental health programme. DESIGN: Descriptive inquiry research. METHODS: Randomly distributing 70 elderly individuals in a control group (n=35; mean±SD 69.80±8.05 years) and an experimental group (n=35; 68.66±5.93 years) plus QOL evaluation via WHOQOL-Old. RESULTS: The experimental group showed significant best results on the post-test by repeated-measures ANOVA on sensorial functioning (Δ%=0.022%, p=0. 0001), social participation (Δ%=0.012%, p=0.013), perceptions of death and dying (Δ%=0.04%, p=0.009), intimacy (Δ%=0.059%, p=0.05), and total score (Δ%=0.001, p=0.000). CONCLUSIONS: Sensorial functioning, social participation, perceptions of death and dying, and intimacy play an important role in the positive relationship between physical activity and QOL.

Elderly quality of life impacted by traditional Chinese medicine techniques.

BACKGROUND: The shift in age structure is having a profound impact, suggesting that the aged should be consulted as reporters on the quality of their own lives. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this research was to establish the possible impact of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) techniques on the quality of life (QOL) of the elderly. SAMPLE: Two non-selected, volunteer groups of Rio de Janeiro municipality inhabitants: a control group (36 individuals), not using TCM, and an experimental group (28 individuals), using TCM at ABACO/Sohaku-in Institute, Brazil. METHODS: A questionnaire on elderly QOL devised by the World Health Organization, the WHOQOL-Old, was adopted and descriptive statistical techniques were used: mean and standard deviation. The Shapiro-Wilk test checked the normality of the distribution. Furthermore, based on its normality distribution for the intergroup comparison, the Student t test was applied to facets 2, 4, 5, 6, and total score, and the Mann-Whitney U rank test to facets 1 and 3, both tests aiming to analyze the P value between experimental and control groups. The significance level utilized was 95% (P < 0.05). RESULTS: The experimental group reported the highest QOL for every facet and the total score. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that TCM raises the level of QOL.

Quality of life (QOL) axiological profile of the elderly population served by the Family Health Program (FHP) in Brazil.

With the purpose of optimizing the satisfaction of the elderly subjects, either existential or not, presenting their unique preference, this research aimed to evaluate the effects of aging on QOL of the aged persons, served by the FHP. The basic intention was to establish parameters of QOL-impact on aging. Our sample was a non-selected population of aged volunteers from Perequê-Mirim-I Family Health Unity, in Caraguatatuba, São Paulo, Brazil. In this correlational descriptive research, the elderly subjects answered a questionnaire on QOL, specific to the aged persons (WHOQOL-OLD). These answers revealed the degree to which of the six facets of WHOQOL-OLD was given priority. The dimensional techniques of descriptive statistics (mean+/-S.D., median, coefficient of variation) normality evaluation (Kolmogorov-Smirnov), and inferential statistical techniques (Z-score test, chi2) were adopted, considering the level-II error=10% and accepting level-I error=5%. The main results revealed a correlation between the income and QOL. Death and dying appeared to be a substantial preoccupation, opposed to intimacy that raised the QOL level. It is suggested that any works directed to the elderly population should take in consideration the self-evaluation of aging effects on QOL.