Study of machine learning techniques for outcome assessment of leptospirosis patients.

Leptospirosis is a global disease that impacts people worldwide, particularly in humid and tropical regions, and is associated with significant socio-economic deficiencies. Its symptoms are often confused with other syndromes, which can compromise clinical diagnosis and the failure to carry out specific laboratory tests. In this respect, this paper presents a study of three algorithms (Decision Tree, Random Forest and Adaboost) for predicting the outcome (cure or death) of individuals with leptospirosis. Using the records contained in the government National System of Aggressions and Notification (SINAN, in portuguese) from 2007 to 2017, for the state of Pará, Brazil, where the temporal attributes of health care, symptoms (headache, vomiting, jaundice, calf pain) and clinical evolution (renal failure and respiratory changes) were used. In the performance evaluation of the selected models, it was observed that the Random Forest exhibited an accuracy of 90.81% for the training dataset, considering the attributes of experiment 8, and the Decision Tree presented an accuracy of 74.29 for the validation database. So, this result considers the best attributes pointed out by experiment 10: time first symptoms medical attention, time first symptoms ELISA sample collection, medical attention hospital admission time, headache, calf pain, vomiting, jaundice, renal insufficiency, and respiratory alterations. The contribution of this article is the confirmation that artificial intelligence, using the Decision Tree model algorithm, depicting the best choice as the final model to be used in future data for the prediction of human leptospirosis cases, helping in the diagnosis and course of the disease, aiming to avoid the evolution to death.

Mapping Strategies for Strengthening Safety Culture: A Scoping Review.

BACKGROUND: Twenty years after the "To Err Is Human" report, one in ten patients still suffer harm in hospitals in high-income countries, highlighting the need to strengthen the culture of safety in healthcare. This scoping review aims to map patient safety culture strengthening strategies described in the literature. METHOD: This scoping review follows the JBI methodology. It adhered to all scoping review checklist items (PRISMA-ScR) with searches in the Lilacs, MedLine, IBECS, and PubMed databases and on the official websites of Brazilian and North American patient safety organizations. The research took place during the year 2023. RESULTS: In total, 58 studies comprising 52 articles and 6 documents from health organizations were included. Various strategies were identified and grouped into seven categories based on similarity, highlighting the need for a comprehensive organizational approach to improve patient care. The most described strategies were communication (69%), followed by teamwork (58.6%) and active leadership (56.9%). CONCLUSION: The identified strategies can promote the development of a culture in which an organization can achieve patient safety, involving practices and attitudes that reduce risks and errors in healthcare. However, the identification of strategies is limited because it is restricted to certain databases and websites of international organizations and does not cover a broader spectrum of sources. Furthermore, the effectiveness of these strategies in improving patient safety culture has not yet been evaluated.

Autoavaliação de soft skills em enfermagem: construção e validação de conteúdo de um instrumento / Autoevaluación de soft skills en enfermería: elaboración y validación de contenido de un instrumento / Self-assessment of soft skills in nursing: construction and content validation of an instrument

Resumo Objetivo Construir e validar um instrumento para autoavaliação de soft skills em liderança autêntica de enfermagem. Métodos Pesquisa metodológica desenvolvida em três etapas: revisão de literatura, elaboração do instrumento intitulado "LEADERSKILLS" e validação de conteúdo do instrumento com experts, usando a Técnica Delphi Online. A primeira etapa foi composta por duas revisões narrativas. A segunda etapa incluiu um teste piloto ao desenvolvimento do instrumento contendo a descrição narrativa das soft skills mais relevantes (relacionadas ao exercício da liderança autêntica do enfermeiro) que foram apresentadas pela revisão narrativa da literatura. A terceira e última etapa incluiu a alteração do instrumento após as considerações realizadas pelos experts. Resultados O painel de experts da primeira rodada foi composto por 13 participantes. Das 17 questões de múltipla escolha avaliadas na primeira rodada, só duas (pertencentes aos componentes conteúdo e linguagem) não obtiveram Índice de Validade de Conteúdo (IVC) ≥0,85. A primeira questão era sobre a compreensão inadequada do que seriam os títulos e subtítulos do "LEADERSKILLS" e a segunda era sobre clareza e objetividade do instrumento. As principais sugestões dos juízes estavam concentradas nos componentes conteúdo, linguagem e layout. A segunda rodada foi composta pela resposta de cinco experts, sendo possível alcançar o consenso das questões obtendo IVC ≥0,80. Conclusão O instrumento construído para desenvolver soft skills em enfermagem foi considerado válido quanto ao conteúdo, layout, linguagem, motivação e cultura, alcançando avaliação coerente e aplicabilidade ao público-alvo.

Resumen Objetivo Elaborar y validar un instrumento para la autoevaluación de soft skills en liderazgo auténtico de enfermería. Métodos Investigación metodológica llevada a cabo en tres etapas: revisión de la literatura, elaboración del instrumento llamado "LEADERSKILLS" y validación del contenido del instrumento con expertos mediante el método Delphi vía internet. La primera etapa estuvo compuesta por dos revisiones narrativas. La segunda etapa incluyó una prueba piloto del desarrollo del instrumento, que contenía la descripción narrativa de las soft skills más relevantes (relacionadas con el ejercicio del liderazgo auténtico del enfermero) y que fueron introducidas por la revisión narrativa de la literatura. La tercera y última etapa incluyó la modificación del instrumento después de las reflexiones realizadas por los expertos. Resultados El panel de expertos de la primera ronda estuvo compuesto por 13 participantes. De las 17 preguntas de selección múltiple evaluadas en la primera ronda, solo dos (pertenecientes a los componentes contenido y lenguaje) no obtuvieron Índice de Validez de Contenido (IVC) ≥0,85. La primera pregunta era sobre la comprensión inadecuada de lo que serían los títulos y subtítulos del "LEADERSKILLS" y la segunda era sobre la clareza y objetividad del instrumento. Las principales sugerencias de los jueces estaban centradas en los componentes contenido, lenguaje y diseño. La segunda ronda estuvo compuesta por la respuesta de cinco expertos y fue posible llegar al consenso de las preguntas con un IVC de ≥0,80. Conclusión El instrumento elaborado para desarrollar soft skills en enfermería fue considerado válido respecto al contenido, diseño, lenguaje, motivación y cultura, y logró una evaluación coherente y aplicabilidad en el público destinatario.

Abstract Objective To build and validate an instrument for self-assessment of soft skills in authentic nursing leadership. Methods This methodological research was developed in three stages: literature review, development of the instrument entitled "LEADERSKILLS", and validation of the instrument's content by experts using the Delphi Online Technique. The first stage consisted of two narrative reviews. The second stage included a pilot test for the development of the instrument containing a narrative description of the most relevant soft skills (related to the exercise of authentic leadership by nurses) that were presented by the narrative literature review. The third and final stage included changes to the instrument after considerations made by the experts. Results In the first round, the panel of experts was composed of 13 participants. Of the 17 multiple-choice questions evaluated in the first round, only two (belonging to the content and language components) did not obtain the Content Validity Index (CVI) ≥0.85. The first question was about the inadequate understanding of what the titles and subtitles of "LEADERSKILLS" were, and the second was about the instrument's clarity and objectivity. The judges' main suggestions were concentrated on the content, language, and layout components. The second round consisted of responses from five experts, and reaching a consensus on the questions was possible by obtaining CVI≥0.80. Conclusion The instrument constructed to develop soft skills in nursing was considered valid in terms of content, layout, language, motivation, and culture, achieving coherent assessment and applicability to the target audience.

Primary Healthcare of black immigrants during the COVID-19 pandemic.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze how the healthcare of black immigrants was conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic in Primary Healthcare. METHOD: An exploratory-descriptive study with a qualitative approach, carried out through semi-structured interviews with professionals who worked in 10 Health Units in the city of Curitiba, Brazil, from October 2020 to January 2021. Structural racism was the conceptual framework. The statements were submitted to content analysis after using the MAXQDA program as support. RESULTS: A total of 21 professionals from the multidisciplinary team participated and three categories emerged from the analyzes: Healthcare for black immigrants in PHC during the Covid-19 pandemic; Limits and potentialities of PHC for healthcare for black immigrants; Structural racism in PHC practices aimed at black immigrants. CONCLUSION: Action in the pandemic was guided by protocols that did not expand healthcare to vulnerable populations, including black immigrants. The main barrier was communication, as most black immigrants in the surveyed locations were Haitians. Structural racism was identified in professional practice.

Framework for data-driven polymer characterization from infrared spectra.

Automating infrared spectra interpretation in microplastic identification is of interest since most current methodologies are conducted manually or semi-automatically, which requires substantial processing time and presents a higher accuracy limited to single-polymer materials. Furthermore, when it comes to multicomponent or weathered polymeric materials commonly found in aquatic environments, identification usually becomes considerably depreciated as peaks shift and new signals are frequently observed, representing a significant deviation from reference spectral signatures. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a reference modeling framework for polymer identification through infrared spectra processing, addressing the limitations above. The case study selected for model development was polypropylene (PP) identification, as it is the second most abundant material in microplastics. Therefore, the database comprises 579 spectra with 52.3% containing PP to some degree. Different pretreatment and model parameters were evaluated for a more robust investigation, totaling 308 models, including multilayer perceptron and long-short-term memory architectures. The best model presented a test accuracy of 94.8% within the cross-validation standard deviation interval. Overall, the results achieved in this study indicate an opportunity to investigate the identification of other polymers following the same framework.

Quedas entre pacientes internados em um hospital público e de ensino: uma análise das notificações / Falls of patients admitted to a public and teaching hospital: an analysis of notifications / Caídas en pacientes ingresados en un hospital público y docente: análisis de las no-tificaciones

Objetivo: descrever o perfil das quedas notificadas de pacientes internados em um hospital público e de ensino. Método: estudo descritivo e retrospectivo, com análise estatística descritiva, inferencial e de correspondência múltipla dos dados de notificações do aplicativo Vigilância em Saúde e Gestão de Riscos Assistenciais Hospitalares sobre quedas de pacientes internados entre 2017 e 2019. Resultados: predominaram, dentre 153 notificações de quedas no período, as ocorridas no quarto, em unidades de atendimento cirúrgico, emergencial e clínico, sofridas por pacientes do sexo masculino, na faixa etária entre 20 e 59 anos. Nesta, destacaram-se os idosos. A abrasão foi o dano mais relatado. A análise de correspondência múltipla não apresentou significância. Conclusão: a análise dos eventos notificados contribuiu para o planejamento e a implantação do Programa Fall Tailoring Interventions for Patient Safety Brasil para aprimoramento da gestão dos riscos relacionados.(AU)

Objective: to describe the profile of reported falls of patients admitted to a public and teaching hospital. Method: descriptive and retrospective study, with descriptive, inferential, and multiple correspondence statistical analysis of notification data from the Health Surveillance and Hospital Care Risk Management app on falls of hospitalized patients between 2017 and 2019. Results: predominated, among 153 notifications of falls in the period, those occurring in the ward, in surgical, emergency, and clinical care units, suffered by male patients, aged between 20 and 59 years. In this, the elderly stood out. Abrasion was the most reported harm. Multiple correspondence analysis did not show significance. Conclusion: the analysis of reported events contributed to the planning and implementation of the Fall Tailoring Interventions for Patient Safety Program in Brazil to improve the management of related risks.(AU)

Objetivo: describir el perfil de las caídas de pacientes internados reportadas en un hospital público y de enseñanza. Método: estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo, con análisis estadístico descriptivo, inferencial y análisis de correspondencias múltiples de datos de notificación de la aplicación Vigilancia en Salud y Gestión de Riesgos de Atención Hospitalaria sobre caídas de pacientes hospitalizados entre 2017 y 2019. Resultados: predominó, entre 153 notificaciones de caídas en el período, las ocurridas en el dormitorio, en unidades quirúrgicas, de emergencia y de atención clínica, sufridos por pacientes del sexo masculino, con edades entre 20 y 59 años. En este último, se destacaron los adultos mayores. La abrasión fue el daño más reportado. El análisis de correspondencia múltiple no mostró significación. Conclusión: el análisis de los eventos notificados contribuyó para la planificación e implementación del Programa Fall Tailoring Interventions for Patient Safety en Brasil para mejorar la gestión de sus riesgos re-lacionados.(AU

Problemas na cultura de segurança do paciente em uma unidade de pronto atendimento: análise causal / Problemas en la cultura de seguridad del paciente en una unidad de emergencia: análisis de la cadena causal / Problems in the patient safety culture in an emergency care unit: causal analysis

Objetivo: construir uma matriz de análise para identificação dos problemas relacionados à cultura de segurança do paciente em uma unidade de pronto atendimento no sul do Brasil. Método: a primeira etapa, com delineamento transversal descritivo, ocorreu de julho a agosto de 2018, com enfermeiros, por meio da autoaplicação do instrumento "Safety Attitudes Questionaire - SAQ Short Form 2006". Na segunda etapa, com delineamento exploratório descritivo, as questões do SAQ passaram por análise interpretativa, realizada por enfermeiras dedicadas ao estudo da temática, em abril de 2021. Resultados: os problemas na cultura de segurança do paciente na unidade de pronto atendimento relacionaram-se à estrutura, processos de gestão e processos clínicos, principalmente de caráter organizacional. Conclusão: a utilização da análise de cadeia causal permitiu a construção de uma matriz de análise, facilitando a identificação dos principais problemas relacionados à cultura de segurança do paciente na unidade de pronto atendimento.

Objetivo: to develop an analysis matrix to identify problems related to the patient safety culture in an emergency care unit in southern Brazil. Método: the first stage, with a descriptive cross-sectional design, occurred from July to August 2018, with nurses, through the self-application of the instrument "Safety Attitudes Questionaire - SAQ Short Form 2006". In the second stage, with a descriptive exploratory design, the SAQ questions underwent an interpretative analysis, carried out by nurses dedicated to the study of the subject, in April 2021. Resultados: the problems in the patient safety culture in the emergency care unit were related to the structure, management processes and clinical processes, mainly of an organizational nature. Conclusión: the use of causal chain analysis allowed the construction of an analysis matrix, facilitating the identification of the main problems related to the patient safety culture in the emergency care unit.

Objective: to evaluate the clinical predictors for dry eye and the nursing diagnosis Risk of dry eye in postoperative patients in the Post-Anesthesia Care Unit. Method: cross-sectional study conducted between May and August, 2017. The sample was 157 adult patients undergoing elective surgical procedures. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: the clinical diagnosis of dry eye prevailed in 85.35% of patients, and the nursing diagnosis Risk of dry eye in 14.65%. Statistical differences were observed between hyperemia, excessive tearing and insufficient Schirmer test with the diagnosis of ocular dryness in the right eye and with the diagnosis Risk of dry eye. In the left eye the Schirmer test was insufficient. Conclusão: hyperemia, excessive tearing and insufficient Schirmer test are relevant perioperative clinical predictors to promote preventive measures and/or early detection of dry eye.

Estratégias de coping e liderança autêntica: atuação do enfermeiro em 2021 durante a pandemia de covid-19 / Estrategias de afrontamiento y liderazgo auténtico: trabajo las enfermeras em 2021 durante la pandemia de covid-19 / Coping strategies and authentic leadership: nurses' work in 2021 during the covid-19 pandemic

Resumo Objetivo identificar a correlação entre as dimensões da Liderança Autêntica e as estratégias de coping utilizadas pelo enfermeiro durante a pandemia. Métodos trata-se de estudo quantitativo, de abordagem descritiva, realizado com 34 enfermeiros atuantes em quatro hospitais de Curitiba. Os dados foram coletados no período de julho a setembro de 2021 de maneira online, utilizando o Inventário de Estratégias de Coping de Folkman e Lazarus e o Authentic Leadership Questionnaire. A análise de dados se deu através dos escores dos domínios de cada instrumento, conforme validação brasileira. Resultados nota-se que as dimensões Processamento Equilibrado e Autoconsciência apresentam correlação positiva moderada com as variáveis Aceitação da Responsabilidade, Suporte Social, Resolução de Problemas e Reavaliação Positiva, sendo que essa última variável apresenta correlação positiva moderada com a dimensão Perspectiva Moral, e a dimensão Transparência Relacional apresenta correlação ínfima com as variáveis de estratégia de coping. Conclusão e implicações para a prática o estudo demonstra que as correlações identificadas estimulam a equipe em circunstâncias de esgotamento, promovendo um comportamento cognitivo equilibrado na condução dos serviços. Observa-se que a correlação entre as estratégias de coping e a Liderança Autêntica na área de enfermagem permitem o engajamento, credibilidade e autodesenvolvimento da equipe.

Resumen Objetivo identificar la correlación entre las dimensiones del Liderazgo Auténtico y las estrategias de afrontamiento utilizadas por las enfermeras durante la pandemia. Métodos se trata de un estudio cualitativo, con enfoque descriptivo, realizado con 34 enfermeras que laboran en cuatro hospitales de Curitiba. Los datos se recopilaron de julio a septiembre de 2021 en línea, utilizando el Inventario de Estrategias de Afrontamiento de Folkman y Lazarus y el Authentic Leadership Questionnaire. El análisis de los datos se realizó a través de las puntuaciones de dominio de cada instrumento de acuerdo con la validación brasileña. Resultados se observa que las dimensiones Procesamiento Equilibrado y Autoconciencia presentan una correlación positiva moderada con las variables de Aceptación de Responsabilidad, Apoyo Social, Resolución de Problemas y Reevaluación Positiva, presentando esta última variable una correlación positiva moderada con la dimensión Perspectiva Moral, y no se observa correlación entre la dimensión Transparencia Relacional con las variables estrategia de afrontamiento. Conclusión e implicaciones para la práctica el estudio demuestra que las correlaciones identificadas estimulan al equipo en circunstancias de agotamiento, promoviendo un comportamiento cognitivo equilibrado en la realización de los servicios. Se observa que la correlación entre las estrategias de afrontamiento y el Liderazgo Auténtico en el área de enfermería permite el compromiso, la credibilidad y el autodesarrollo del equipo.

Abstract Objective to identify the correlation between Authentic Leadership dimensions and coping strategies used by nurses during the pandemic. Methods this is a qualitative study, with a descriptive approach, carried out with 34 nurses working in four hospitals in Curitiba. Data were collected from July to September 2021 online, using the Lazarus and Folkman Coping Strategies Inventory and the Authentic Leadership Questionnaire. Data analysis was carried out through the domain scores of each instrument according to Brazilian validation. Results it is noted that the Balanced Processing and Self-Awareness Dimensions present a moderate positive correlation with the Accepting Responsibility, Seeking Social Support, Problem-Solving and Positive Reappraisal variables, with the latter variable presenting a moderate positive correlation with the Internalized Moral Perspective dimension, and not observes a correlation between the Relational Transparency dimension and coping strategy variables. Conclusion and implications for practice the study demonstrates that the identified correlations encourage the team in circumstances of exhaustion, promoting a balanced cognitive behavior in the conduct of services. It is observed that the correlation between coping strategies and Authentic Leadership in the nursing area allows for the team's engagement, credibility and self-development.

Primary Healthcare of black immigrants during the COVID-19 pandemic / Atención Primaria de Salud del inmigrante negro durante la pandemia de COVID-19 / Atenção Primária à Saúde do imigrante negro durante a pandemia da covid-19

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze how the healthcare of black immigrants was conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic in Primary Healthcare. Method: An exploratory-descriptive study with a qualitative approach, carried out through semi-structured interviews with professionals who worked in 10 Health Units in the city of Curitiba, Brazil, from October 2020 to January 2021. Structural racism was the conceptual framework. The statements were submitted to content analysis after using the MAXQDA program as support. Results: A total of 21 professionals from the multidisciplinary team participated and three categories emerged from the analyzes: Healthcare for black immigrants in PHC during the Covid-19 pandemic; Limits and potentialities of PHC for healthcare for black immigrants; Structural racism in PHC practices aimed at black immigrants. Conclusion: Action in the pandemic was guided by protocols that did not expand healthcare to vulnerable populations, including black immigrants. The main barrier was communication, as most black immigrants in the surveyed locations were Haitians. Structural racism was identified in professional practice.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar la ejecución de la atención sanitaria del inmigrante negro durante la pandemia de COVID-19 en la Atención Primaria Método: Es una investigación exploratoria-descriptiva de abordaje cualitativo, realizada a profesionales que actúan en 10 Unidades de Salud de la ciudad de Curitiba a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas, entre octubre de 2020 y enero de 2021. El racismo estructural determinó el marco conceptual. Los testimonios se sometieron a análisis de contenido después de utilizar como soporte el software MAXQDA. Resultados: Participaron 21 profesionales del equipo multidisciplinario y de los análisis surgieron tres categorías: Atención a la salud del inmigrante negro en la APS durante la pandemia de Covid-19; Límites y potencialidades de la APS para la atención sanitaria del inmigrante negro; Racismo estructural en las prácticas de APS dirigidas al inmigrante negro. Conclusión: La actuación en la pandemia estuvo basada en protocolos que no expandieron la atención sanitaria a las poblaciones vulnerables, entre ellas, la del inmigrante negro. La principal barrera era la comunicación, ya que la mayoría de los inmigrantes negros de los lugares estudiados eran haitianos. Se identificó racismo estructural en la práctica profesional.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar como foi realizada a atenção à saúde do imigrante negro durante a pandemia da covid-19 na Atenção Primária à Saúde. Método: Pesquisa exploratória-descritiva de abordagem qualitativa, realizada por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, com profissionais que atuavam em dez Unidades de Saúde do município de Curitiba, de outubro de 2020 a janeiro de 2021. O racismo estrutural constituiu o referencial conceitual. Os depoimentos foram submetidos à análise de conteúdo após utilização do software MAXQDA como suporte. Resultados: Participaram 21 profissionais da equipe multiprofissional e das análises emergiram três categorias: atenção à saúde do imigrante negro na APS durante a pandemia da covid-19; limites e potencialidades da APS para atenção à saúde do imigrante negro; racismo estrutural nas práticas da APS voltadas ao imigrante negro. Conclusão: A atuação na pandemia foi pautada por protocolos que não ampliaram a atenção à saúde às populações vulneráveis, entre elas, a de imigrantes negros. A principal barreira foi a comunicação, pois a maioria dos imigrantes negros nos locais pesquisados eram haitianos. O racismo estrutural foi identificado na prática profissional.

Segurança do paciente na atenção primária á saúde: elaboração de ficha e fluxograma de notificação / Seguridad del paciente en la atención primaria de salud: elaboración de formulario y flujograma de notificación / Patient safety in primary health care: elaboration of form and notification flowchart

Objetivo: descrever a elaboração de um instrumento de notificação de evento adverso/incidente na atenção primária à saúde. Método: pesquisa descritiva, exploratória, de abordagem qualitativa, realizada em um município da região metropolitana de Curitiba-PR, em julho de 2017 a setembro de 2018, com 23 enfermeiros da estratégia de saúde da família. Resultados: a ação estratégica apontada pelos enfermeiros no grupo focal para segurança do paciente na atenção primária a saúde foi a elaboração da ficha de notificação como forma de conhecer e monitorar os eventos. Conclusão: a ficha de notificação foi elaborada como uma ferramenta que promoverá o levantamento dos danos/incidentes decorrentes da assistência para gerar informação que subsidie ações de prevenção.(AU)

Objective: to describe the development of an adverse event/incident notification instrument in primary health care.Method: descriptive, exploratory research, with a qualitative approach, carried out in a city in the metropolitan region of Curitiba-PR from July 2017 to September 2018, with 23 nurses from the family health strategy. Results: the strategic action pointed out by the nurses in the focus group for patient safety in primary health care was the elaboration of the notification form as a way of knowing and monitoring the events. Conclusion: the notification form was developed as a tool that will promote the survey of damages/incidents resulting from the assistance to generate information that subsidizes prevention actions.(AU)

Objetivo: describir el desarrollo de un instrumento de notificación de eventos adversos/incidentes en la atención primaria de salud. Método: investigación descriptiva, exploratoria, con enfoque cualitativo, realizada en una ciudad de la región metropolitana de Curitiba-PR, de julio de 2017 a septiembre de 2018, con 23 enfermeros de la estrategia de salud de la familia. Resultados: la acción estratégica señalada por los enfermeros del grupo focal de seguridad del paciente en la atención primaria de salud fue la elaboración del formulario de notificación como forma de conocimiento y acompañamiento de los eventos. Conclusión: el formulario de notificación fue desarrollado como una herramienta que promoverá el levantamiento de daños/ incidentes resultantes de la asistencia para generar información que subsidie las acciones de prevención.(AU)

Estratégias de coping utilizadas pelos enfermeiros diante do stress no gerenciamento da crise da COVID-19 / Estrategias de afrontamiento utilizadas por enfermeros ante el estrés en la gestión de crisis covid-19 / Coping strategies used by nurses in the face of stress in covid-19 crisis management

Objetivo: Descrever as principais estratégias de coping utilizadas pelos enfermeiros durante o enfrentamento da Covid-19. Método: Estudo qualitativo, descritivo transversal, realizado em quatro hospitais, do município de Curitiba-PR, no período de setembro a novembro de 2021. Participaram 34 enfermeiros, que atuaram no enfrentamento da pandemia Covid-19. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de formulário eletrônico online, contendo a caracterização da pesquisa e o questionário "Inventário de Estratégias de Coping". O projeto de pesquisa foi avaliado e aprovado Pelo Comitê de Ética e Pesquisa da Secretaria Municipal da Saúde de Curitiba (Parecer: 4.693.343; CAAE: 45260421.5.3002.0101). A análise dos dados foi estatística descritiva. Resultados: Observou-se que as principais estratégias de coping utilizadas foram reavaliação positiva, aceitação de responsabilidade e suporte social. Conclusão: O estudo permitiu descrever as principais estratégias de coping, realizadas pelos enfermeiros no enfrentamento à pandemia da Covid-19. Contribuindo, para o avanço das pesquisas sobre estratégias coping com trabalhadores da área da saúde(AU)

Objective: To describe the main coping strategies used by nurses to face Covid-19. Methodology: Qualitative, descriptive cross-sectional study carried out in four hospitals in the city of Curitiba-PR, from September to November 2021. Participated 34 nurses, who worked in the confrontation against the Covid-19 pandemic. Data collection was carried out through an online electronic form, containing the characterization of the research and the questionnaire "Inventory of Coping Strategies". The research project was evaluated and approved by the Ethics and Research Committee of the Municipal Health Department of Curitiba (Number: 4,693,343; CAAE: 45260421.5.3002.0101). Data analysis was descriptive statistics. Results: It was observed that the main coping strategies used were positive revaluation, acceptance of responsibility and social support. Considerations: The study describes the main ways of coping carried out by nurses in the face of the Covid-19 pandemic. Contributing to the advancement of research on coping strategies in the health area.(AU)

Objectivo: Describir las principales estrategias de afrontamiento utilizadas por los enfermeros durante el enfrentamiento a la Covid-19. Metodología: Estudio cualitativo, descriptivo transversal, realizado en cuatro hospitales de la ciudad de Curitiba-PR, de septiembre a noviembre de 2021. Participaron 34 enfermeros, que actuaban en el combate a la pandemia de la Covid-19. La recolección de datos se realizó a través de un formulario electrónico en línea, que contenía la caracterización de la investigación y el cuestionario "Inventario de Estrategias de Afrontamiento". El proyecto de investigación fue evaluado y aprobado por el Comité de Ética e Investigación de la Secretaría Municipal de Salud de Curitiba (Opinión: 4.693.343; CAAE: 45260421.5.3002.0101). El análisis de los datos fue estadística descriptiva. Resultados: Se observó que las principales estrategias de afrontamiento utilizadas fueron la revalorización positiva, la aceptación de la responsabilidad y el apoyo social. Consideraciones: El estudio permitió describir las principales estrategias de afrontamiento realizadas por los enfermeros frente a la pandemia de la Covid-19. Contribuir al avance de la investigación sobre estrategias de afrontamiento con trabajadores de la salud(AU)

Estratégias para o desenvolvimento da liderança de enfermeiros nos serviços de saúde: revisão de escopo / Strategies for the development of nurses' leadership in health services: a scoping review

OBJETIVO: mapear as estratégias de desenvolvimento da competência de liderança de enfermeiros nos serviços de saúde. MÉTODO: revisão de escopo desenvolvida conforme proposto pelo Instituto Joanna Briggs. Estabeleceram-se como critérios de inclusão: artigos científicos originados de pesquisas de fontes primárias e secundárias, relatos de experiência, estudos de casos e artigos de reflexão com conteúdo completo disponível, sem restrição de idioma ou ano de publicação, que descrevessem estratégias para o desenvolvimento da competência de liderança direcionada aos profissionais enfermeiros nos serviços de saúde. RESULTADOS: doze artigos compuseram a amostra, os quais apresentaram como estratégias os programas de desenvolvimento de líderes, os programas com foco no planejamento de sucessão, os processos de tutorias como o coaching e mentoring e a inovação. CONCLUSÃO: observou-se que, embora os estudos reconheçam a liderança de enfermagem como competência essencial para a prática profissional dos enfermeiros, poucos trazem estratégias de desenvolvimento, especialmente em serviços de saúde.

OBJECTIVE: to map the strategies for developing the leadership competence of nurses in health services. METHOD: a scoping review was developed as proposed by the Joanna Briggs Institute. The following inclusion criteria were established: scientific articles originating from primary and secondary sources, experience reports, case studies, and reflection articles with full content available, with no language or date restriction, which described strategies for the development of nurses' leadership competence, in health services. RESULTS: twelve articles made up the sample, which presented as strategies the leadership development programs, programs focused on succession planning, mentoring and coaching processes, and innovation. CONCLUSION: it was observed that, although studies recognize nursing leadership as an essential competence for the professional practice of nurses, few have approached development strategies, especially in health services.

Segurança do paciente em uma unidade de pronto atendimento: planejamento de ações estratégicas / Patient safety in an emergency care unit: planning strategic actions / Seguridad del paciente en una unidad de atención de emergencia: planificación de acciones estratégicas

Objetivo: planejar ações estratégicas para a melhoria da qualidade do cuidado e segurança do paciente em Unidade de Pronto Atendimento. Método: pesquisa descritiva, de abordagem qualitativa, desenvolvida em uma Unidade de Pronto Atendimento de um município do sul do Brasil, entre setembro de 2018 e fevereiro de 2019, tendo como participantes os enfermeiros dessa unidade. Utilizou-se como referencial metodológico a Pesquisa Convergente Assistencial, a logicidade do Planejamento Estratégico Situacional e a ferramenta 5W3H. Foram realizadas oficinas com os participantes, para escolha de problemas na segurança do paciente, proposição de melhorias, adequação e aprovação de planos de ação. Para análise dos dados utilizou-se o software R e grafos de similitude. Resultados: os problemas "comunicação" e "número insuficiente de profissionais" foram escolhidos por 24 enfermeiros, sugerindo cinco propostas, detalhadas em seis planos de ação. Conclusão: o planejamento estratégico situacional permitiu planejar ações estratégicas de melhoria na assistência que são de governabilidade dos enfermeiros.

Objective: to plan strategic actions to improve the quality of care and patient safety in the Emergency Care Unit. Method: this qualitative, descriptive, exploratory study was conducted in an Emergency Care Unit in a municipality in south Brazil, from September 2018 to February 2019, with the unit's nurses as participants. The methodological frame of reference was given by Convergent Care Research, the logic of Situational Strategic Planning, and the 5W3H tool. Workshops were held with the participants to choose problems in patient safety, propose improvements, and adaptation and approval of action plans. Data were analyzed using R software and similarity graphs. Results: nurses chose the problems "communication" and "too few staff" and made five proposals, detailed in six action plans. Conclusion: by situational strategic planning, strategic actions under nurses' governance were planned to improve care.

Objetivo: planificar acciones estratégicas para mejorar la calidad de la atención y la seguridad del paciente en la Unidad de Atención de Emergencias. Método: investigación descriptiva, con un enfoque cualitativo, desarrollada en una Unidad de Atención de Emergencias de una ciudad del sur de Brasil, entre septiembre de 2018 y febrero de 2019, cuyas participantes fueron las enfermeras de esta unidad. El marco metodológico utilizado fue la Investigación Convergente de Atención, la lógica de la Planificación Estratégica Situacional y la herramienta 5W3H. Se llevaron a cabo talleres con los participantes para elegir problemas en la seguridad del paciente, proponer mejoras, adecuación y aprobación de planes de acción. El software R y los gráficos similares se utilizaron para el análisis de datos. Resultados: los problemas de "comunicación" e "número insuficiente de profesionales" fueran elegidos por 24 enfermeras; se sugieren entonces cinco propuestas, detalladas en seis planes de acción. Conclusión: la planificación estratégica situacional permitió planificar acciones estratégicas para mejorar la atención que rigen las enfermeras.

Unsupervised Machine Learning Applied to Seismic Interpretation: Towards an Unsupervised Automated Interpretation Tool.

Seismic interpretation is a fundamental process for hydrocarbon exploration. This activity comprises identifying geological information through the processing and analysis of seismic data represented by different attributes. The interpretation process presents limitations related to its high data volume, own complexity, time consumption, and uncertainties incorporated by the experts' work. Unsupervised machine learning models, by discovering underlying patterns in the data, can represent a novel approach to provide an accurate interpretation without any reference or label, eliminating the human bias. Therefore, in this work, we propose exploring multiple methodologies based on unsupervised learning algorithms to interpret seismic data. Specifically, two strategies considering classical clustering algorithms and image segmentation methods, combined with feature selection, were evaluated to select the best possible approach. Additionally, the resultant groups of the seismic data were associated with groups obtained from well logs of the same area, producing an interpretation with aggregated lithologic information. The resultant seismic groups correctly represented the main seismic facies and correlated adequately with the groups obtained from the well logs data.

Software development for emergency bed management.

OBJECTIVE: to describe the process of developing a software for emergency bed management. METHODS: a participatory research based on User-Centered Design in four stages: 1) definition of requirements and structure elaboration; 2) generation of alternatives and prototyping; 3) tests; 4) implementation. Seminars were held with health professionals between May 21, 2018 and May 31, 2019 for the preparation and assessment of software content. RESULTS: the software CuidarTech KRONOS was developed for emergency bed management using the kanban methodology. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: this software will assist professionals' and managers' decision-making providing more reliable data to enable the improvement of work processes and the quality of patient care. Developing a bed management software is innovative in the health field, and no articles were found describing this methodology.

Software development for emergency bed management / Desarrollo de software para la gestión de lechos de urgencia y de emergencia / Desenvolvimento de software para gerenciamento de leitos na urgência e emergência

ABSTRACT Objective: to describe the process of developing a software for emergency bed management. Methods: a participatory research based on User-Centered Design in four stages: 1) definition of requirements and structure elaboration; 2) generation of alternatives and prototyping; 3) tests; 4) implementation. Seminars were held with health professionals between May 21, 2018 and May 31, 2019 for the preparation and assessment of software content. Results: the software CuidarTech KRONOS was developed for emergency bed management using the kanban methodology. Final considerations: this software will assist professionals' and managers' decision-making providing more reliable data to enable the improvement of work processes and the quality of patient care. Developing a bed management software is innovative in the health field, and no articles were found describing this methodology.

RESUMEN Objetivo: describir el proceso de desarrollo de un software para la gestión de lechos en emergencia. Métodos: investigación participativa basada en Diseño Centrado en el Usuario en cuatro etapas: 1) definición de requisitos y elaboración de la estructura; 2) generación de alternativas y prototipos; 3) pruebas; 4) implementación. Seminarios realizados con profesionales de la salud entre el 21 de mayo de 2018 y el 31 de mayo de 2019 para la preparación y evaluación de contenidos de software. Resultados: CuidarTech KRONOS fue desarrollado para la gestión de lechos de emergências utilizando la metodología kanban. Consideraciones finales: el software ayudará en la toma de decisiones de profesionales y gerentes, proporcionando datos más confiables para permitir la mejora de los procesos de trabajo y la calidad de la atención al paciente. El desarrollo de software de gestión de lechos es innovador en salud y no se encontraron artículos que describan esta metodología.

RESUMO Objetivo: descrever o processo de desenvolvimento de um software para gerenciamento de leitos na urgência e emergência. Métodos: pesquisa participativa fundamentada no Design Centrado no Usuário em quatro etapas: 1) definição de requisitos e elaboração da estrutura; 2) geração das alternativas e prototipagem; 3) testes; 4) implementação. Realizados seminários com profissionais de saúde entre 21 de maio de 2018 e 31 de maio de 2019 para a elaboração e avaliação do conteúdo do software. Resultados: foi desenvolvido o software CuidarTech KRONOS para gerenciamento dos leitos da urgência e emergência, utilizando a metodologia kanban. Considerações finais: o software auxiliará na tomada de decisão dos profissionais e gestores, fornecendo dados mais fidedignos para viabilizar a melhoria dos processos de trabalho e da qualidade da assistência ao paciente. O desenvolvimento do software para gerenciamento de leitos é inovador na área da saúde, e não foram encontrados artigos que descrevessem essa metodologia.

Prevalence and factors associated with depression in the elderly: a cross-sectional study / Prevalência e fatores associados à depressão em idosos: um estudo transversal

ABSTRACT: Introduction: Depression is a psychiatric disease that causes losses in the biopsychosocial aspect of the affected individuals. The prevalence in the elderly population is significant, and identify the factors related to this outcome allows preventive measures and treatment can be early applied. Objective: Assessing the association between depression and sociodemographic and health risk factors in the elderly. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study involving 388 elderly of both genders, aged 65 years and older, urban residents of the city of Cuiabá, state of Mato Grosso (MT), Brazil. A socio-demographic questionnaire, as well as a self-report of chronic diseases and lifestyle, a self-report questionnaire of functional capacity, occurrence of falls, Geriatric Depression Scale, mental state assessment, and anthropometry tests were used. The chi-square test, oddsratio (OR), and multiple logistic regression with 95% confidence interval and p<5% were used in the statistical analysis. Results: There was a predominance of women (64%) who were mulatto/caboclo/brown skin (43%) and married (45%). Depression was significantly associated with: the lowest level of education, <8 years (OR=2.15; p=0.012), partial or total dependence of instrumental activities of daily living (OR=1.85; p=0.003), having five or more diseases (OR=2.93, p=0.002), falls in the last twelve months (OR=1.90; p=0.021), and sleep (OR=2.39; p<0.001) and visual difficulties (OR=2.28; p<0.001). Conclusion: Depression in this group of elderly was associated with modifiable and preventable factors in the health of these people. Thus, the early diagnosis of risk factors associated with depression, the inclusion of social, physical and cognitive activities must be considered for their prevention. (AU)

RESUMO: Introdução: Depressão é uma doença psiquiátrica e provoca prejuízos no aspecto biopsicossocial dos indivíduos acometidos. Sua prevalência na população idosa é expressiva, a identificação dos fatores relacionados a este desfecho permitem que medidas preventivas e de tratamento sejam aplicadas precocemente. Objetivo: Avaliar a associação entre depressão, os fatores sociodemográficos e os riscos para a saúde em idosos. Métodos: Estudo transversal com 388 idosos de ambos os sexos com idade igual ou superior a 65 anos, residentes do município de Cuiabá, estado de Mato Grosso (MT), Brasil. Foram usados questionários sociodemográficos, instrumentos de autorrelato de doenças crônicas, de estilo de vida, ocorrência de quedas e de capacidade funcional, escala de depressão geriátrica, avaliação do estado mental e testes de antropometria. Na análise estatística utilizou-se teste do qui-quadrado, odds ratio (OR) e regressão logística múltipla com intervalo de confiança de 95% e p<5%. Resultados: Encontrou-se predominância de mulheres (64%), sendo mulata/cabocla/parda (43%) e casadas (45%). A depressão foi significativamente associada com: o tercil mais baixo de educação <8 anos (OR=2,15; p=0,012); com dependência parcial ou total de atividades instrumentais da vida diária (OR=1,85; p=0,003); ter cinco ou mais doenças crônicas (OR=2,93; p=0,002), ocorrência de quedas nos últimos doze meses (OR=1,90; p=0,021); dificuldades de sono (OR=2,39; p<0,001) e visual (OR=2,28; p<0,001). Conclusão: A depressão estava associada a fatores modificáveis e que podem ser prevenidos. Desta forma, o diagnóstico precoce destes fatores de risco, a inclusão de atividades socias, físicas e cognitivas devem ser consideradas para sua prevenção. (AU)

Primary Healthcare management strategies in socially vulnerable territories exposed to violence. / Estratégias de gerenciamento na Atenção Primária à Saúde em territórios de vulnerabilidade social expostos à violência.

OBJECTIVE: To identify management strategies used by the Family Health Strategy teams of a Basic Health Unit in organizing work in socially vulnerable territories exposed to violence. METHOD: A single case study with a qualitative approach in a family health unit located in the southern region of Brazil. Data collection was conducted through individual interviews with 27 health professionals from August to September 2017 and a focus group with 18 participants in April 2018. Data organization and processing was performed with the support of the IRAMUTEQ software program and subsequently the content analysis technique. RESULTS: The five classes characterized strategies used by professionals to provide care to the population considering their experience in facing violent situations. A guideline was developed and validated in the focus group to guide the management and organization of work in these services. CONCLUSION: It was evidenced that professionals develop strategies which include strengthening the team as a form of collective protection, welcoming focused on comprehensive care and bonding, even without the support of specific public policies for these situations. The population is allied to facilitate access to care for vulnerable people and alerts professionals to critical situations in the territory.

A Portable Fuzzy Driver Drowsiness Estimation System.

The adequate automatic detection of driver fatigue is a very valuable approach for the prevention of traffic accidents. Devices that can determine drowsiness conditions accurately must inherently be portable, adaptable to different vehicles and drivers, and robust to conditions such as illumination changes or visual occlusion. With the advent of a new generation of computationally powerful embedded systems such as the Raspberry Pi, a new category of real-time and low-cost portable drowsiness detection systems could become standard tools. Usually, the proposed solutions using this platform are limited to the definition of thresholds for some defined drowsiness indicator or the application of computationally expensive classification models that limits their use in real-time. In this research, we propose the development of a new portable, low-cost, accurate, and robust drowsiness recognition device. The proposed device combines complementary drowsiness measures derived from a temporal window of eyes (PERCLOS, ECD) and mouth (AOT) states through a fuzzy inference system deployed in a Raspberry Pi with the capability of real-time response. The system provides three degrees of drowsiness (Low-Normal State, Medium-Drowsy State, and High-Severe Drowsiness State), and was assessed in terms of its computational performance and efficiency, resulting in a significant accuracy of 95.5% in state recognition that demonstrates the feasibility of the approach.

Prototype of Robotic Device for Mobility Assistance for the Elderly in Urban Environments.

This study aims to develop a prototype of an autonomous robotic device to assist the locomotion of the elderly in urban environments. Among the achievements presented are the control techniques used for autonomous navigation and the software tools and hardware applied in the prototype. This is an extension of a previous work, in which part of the navigation algorithm was developed and validated in a simulated environment. In this extension, the real prototype is controlled by an algorithm based on fuzzy logic to obtain standalone and more-natural navigation for the user of the device. The robotic device is intended to guide an elderly person in an urban environment autonomously, although it also has a manual navigation mode. Therefore, the device should be able to navigate smoothly without sudden manoeuvres and should respect the locomotion time of the user. Furthermore, because of the proposed environment, the device should be able to navigate in an unknown and unstructured environment. The results reveal that this prototype achieves the proposed objective, demonstrating adequate behaviour for navigation in an unknown environment and fundamental safety characteristics to assist the elderly.