ABSTRACT
The presence of tuberculosis in childhood is a good indicator of the extent of the disease bacilífera and inefficiency of control of the tort in the adult population. In order to describe the clinical and epidemiological profile of cases of children and adolescents which evolved clinically with tuberculosis. Was held a retrospective study of survey data from patient records involving all patients with the diagnosis of tuberculosis assisted on inpatient and outpatient de pneumologia of a children's Hospital public in the city of São Paulo from 2005 to 2010. 45 cases of tuberculosis were diagnosed, most aged under 4 years of age and adolescents, all vaccinated with BCG ID. The most common clinical form was followed by pulmonary and pleural meningeal. Of cases handled, 98 percent spontaneously to diagnostic research hospital. Cough and fever symptoms were reported. Of the cases raised, 18 (40 percent) had contacts with intradomiciliares of adults with pulmonary tuberculosis. The radiological characteristics were found more opacity and the pleural effusion. Of the cases investigated 32.5 percent presented positivity for identification of Mycobacteria. Most patients was strong proof reactors tuberculínica. Tuberculosis in childhood is a neglected aspect, for the most part, in the evaluation of adult communicating with pulmonary tuberculosis bacilífera. Often children are assisted when disease symptoms are already installed. Interconnecting control is a way early and efficiently diagnose and treat children with tuberculosis, reducing suffering and reducing the chance of an outbreak of severe forms of the disease.(AU)
A existência de tuberculose na infância é um bom indicador da extensão da doença bacilífera e da ineficiência do controle do agravo na população adulta. OBJETIVO: descrever o perfil clínico e epidemiológico de crianças e adolescentes que evoluíram clinicamente com tuberculose. Método: Realizou-se um estudo retrospectivo de levantamento de dados de prontuários envolvendo todos os pacientes com o diagnóstico de tuberculose, assistidos na unidade de internação e ambulatório de pneumologia de um Hospital Infantil da Secretaria Estadual da Saúde de São Paulo, SP, Brasil, no período de 31/07/2005 a 31/07/2010. RESULTADOS: Foram diagnosticados 45 casos de tuberculose, a maioria na faixa etária de menores de 4 anos de idade e adolescentes, todos vacinados com BCG ID. A forma clínica mais comum foi a pulmonar seguida da pleural e meníngea. Dos casos atendidos, 98 por cento procuraram o hospital espontaneamente para investigação diagnóstica. Tosse e febre foram os sintomas mais relatados. Dos casos levantados, 18 (40 por cento) possuíam contatos intradomiciliares com adultos portadores de tuberculose pulmonar. As características radiológicas mais encontradas foram a opacidade e o derrame pleural. Dos casos investigados 32,5 por cento apresentaram positividade para identificação de micobactéria. A maioria dos pacientes era fortes reatores à prova tuberculínica. A tuberculose na infância é um aspecto negligenciado, na maioria das vezes, na avaliação de comunicantes de um adulto com tuberculose pulmonar bacilífera. Frequentemente as crianças são assistidas quando apresentam sintomas da doença já instalada. O controle de comunicantes é uma forma precoce e eficiente de diagnosticar e tratar crianças com tuberculose, reduzindo o sofrimento e diminuindo a chance de aparecimento de formas graves da doença.(AU)
Subject(s)
Tuberculosis/diagnosis , Health Profile , Tuberculosis/psychology , Tuberculosis/ethnology , Child HealthABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To profile adult patients dying of tuberculosis in the city of São Paulo with respect to biological, environmental and institutional factors. METHODS: Descriptive study covering all tuberculosis deaths (N=416) among individuals aged over 15 years in 2002. Data were obtained from hospital records, the local Mortality Information System, Coroner's Service, and tuberculosis Surveillance System. The estimates of relative risk and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were based on the reference group, i.e., females aged 15 to 29 years, originally from the State of São Paulo (Brazil). A comparative analysis was conducted using Pearson's chi-square test and Fisher's exact test for categorical variables and Kruskal-Wallis test for continuous variables. RESULTS: Of all tuberculosis deaths identified, 78% had pulmonary form. Tuberculosis diagnosis was made after death in 30% and in primary health care units in 14%. Of them, 44% had not started treatment; 49% were not notified; and 76% were men. The median age was 51 years; 52% had up to four years of schooling; 4% were probably living in the streets. Mortality rate increased with age; it was 5.0/100,000 for the entire city, ranging between zero to 35 according to the district. Previous treatment was reported for 82 out of 232 patients, and of them, 41 defaulted treatment. Diabetes (16%), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (19%), HIV infection (11%), smoking (71%), and alcohol abuse (64%) were also reported. CONCLUSIONS: Adult males over 50, migrants and living in lower Human Development Index districts were more likely to die of tuberculosis. Low schooling and comorbidities are relevant characteristics. Low involvement of primary care units in tuberculosis diagnosis and high underreporting of cases were also seen.
