ABSTRACT
Identifying oral dysplastic lesions with a high risk of malignant transformation may create opportunities for early therapeutic interventions. Several tissue biomarkers have been suggested to date as prognostic indicators of the progression of dysplastic lesions to oral cancer. We herein present a systematic review (PROSPERO CRD42018086476), with the aim of identifying, evaluating and summarizing evidence on prognostic biomarkers of progression to oral cancer in patients with dysplasia. A search through MEDLINE/PubMed and Scopus databases was performed. The review only included primary articles that reported risk values associated with malignancy after a multivariate analysis. The quality of the findings was analyzed using the Reporting Recommendations for Tumor Marker Prognostic Studies, and research trends were established using SciCurve Open. A total of 4 potential biomarkers were identified: Degree of dysplasia, and the proteins retinal dehydrogenase 1, prominin-1 and podoplanin. All 3 protein biomarkers have been recognized as cancer stem cell markers. The studies were of acceptable quality, although none included sample size determinations. Due to the lack of validation and follow-up studies, these biomarkers are considered to be in a discovery phase and require validation by prospective clinical trials. The present analysis indicated that there are currently insufficient data to include these biomarkers in the clinical decision-making process.
ABSTRACT
RESUMEN El trabajo del nutricionista clínico implica realizar una evaluación y diagnóstico nutricional basados en el pensamiento crítico y razonamiento clínico, para una atención nutricional adecuada, y tomar una decisión de intervención basada en la evidencia científica disponible. Luego, se debe monitorizar los resultados de la intervención, para generar un impacto a corto y largo plazo en las patologías que requieren tratamiento nutricional. Para lograr esto, es necesario implementar en los programas curriculares del pregrado un proceso estructurado de enseñanza que siga una secuencia lógica dependiente del nivel de formación, para adquirir habilidades del trabajo clínico en nutrición. El siguiente ensayo tiene por objetivo realizar un análisis de la literatura con respecto a la adquisición de habilidades del pensamiento crítico y razonamiento clínico, junto con conocer los modelos de atención nutricional para generar una propuesta de atención nutricional para aplicar en la práctica clínica.
ABSTRACT The activities of a clinical dietitian involve nutritional assessment and diagnosis based on critical thinking and clinical reasoning. The objective is to offer proper nutritional care and deciding on interventions based on available scientific evidence. The results of the intervention should be monitored to generate short- and long-term impact on the pathologies that require nutritional treatment. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to implement a structured teaching process in the undergraduate program that follows a logical sequence depending on the level of training. The following essay aims to conduct an analysis of the literature regarding the acquisition of critical thinking skills and clinical reasoning, together with knowing the models of nutritional care to generate a nutritional care proposal for application in clinical practice.
Subject(s)
Humans , Therapeutics , Nutritional Sciences , Nutritionists , Pathology , Nutrition Assessment , DiagnosisABSTRACT
The objective of the study is to determine the effect of copper (Cu) plus the reducing agent ascorbic acid (AA) on the absorption of non-heme iron (Fe). Experimental study with block design in which each subject was his own control. After signing an informed consent, 14 adult women using an effective method of contraception and negative pregnancy test received 0.5 mg Fe, as ferrous sulfate, alone or with Cu, as copper sulfate, plus ascorbic acid (AA/Cu 2/1 molar ratio) at 4/1; 6/1 and 8/1 Cu/Fe molar ratios as an aqueous solution on days 1, 2, 14, and 15 of the study. Fe absorption was assessed by erythrocyte incorporation of iron radioisotopes (55)Fe and (59)Fe. Geometric mean (range ± SD) absorption of Fe at 4/1 and 6/1 Cu/Fe molar ratios (and AA/Cu 2/1 molar ratio) and Fe alone was 57.4 % (35.7-92.1 %), 64.2 % (45.8-89.9 %), and 38.8 % (20.4-73.8 %), respectively (ANOVA for repeated measures p < 0.001; post hoc test Scheffé, p < 0.05). This is attributable to the enhancing effect of AA on non-heme Fe absorption; however, Fe absorption at Cu/Fe 8/1 molar ratio was 47.3 % (27.7-80.8) (p = NS compared with Fe alone). It was expected that Fe absorption would have been equal or greater than at 4/1 and 6/1 molar ratios. Copper in the presence of ascorbic acid inhibits non-heme Fe absorption at Cu/Fe 8/1 molar ratio.
Subject(s)
Absorption, Physiological/drug effects , Ascorbic Acid/administration & dosage , Ascorbic Acid/pharmacology , Copper/administration & dosage , Copper/pharmacology , Dietary Supplements , Ferrous Compounds/metabolism , Adult , Ascorbic Acid/metabolism , Copper/metabolism , Female , Ferrous Compounds/blood , Humans , Middle AgedABSTRACT
Las piedras son infecciones fúngicas superficiales y asintomáticas frecuentes en los países tropicales, que se caracterizan por la presencia de nódulos a lo largo del tallo piloso. Sin embargo, la literatura publicada durante los últimos años es limitada y la taxonomía actual de sus agentes etiológicos es poco conocida. Se presenta un caso de piedra negra y otro de piedra blanca en dos mujeres colombianas inmunocompetentes con numerosas lesiones nodulares en su cabello que consultaron a un centro de referencia nacional en Bogotá, Colombia. A pesar de que las piedras fueron descritas y clasificadas desde el punto de vista clínico y microbiológico hace más de 100 años, aún se conoce poco sobre su historia, ecología, forma de transmisión, epidemiología y presentación clínica. Sin embargo, las diferencias que existen entre las dos micosis ayudan a orientar el diagnóstico clínico y fúngico.
Black piedra and white piedra are common superficial and asymptomatic fungal infections in tropical countries, characterized by the presence of hard nodules located along the hair shaft. However, in recent years literature on this topic has been limited and the current taxonomy of their etiologic agents is poorly understood. Here we report two cases of black piedra and white piedra in two immune competent Colombian women with numerous nodular lesions in their hair who visited a national reference center in Bogota, Colombia. Despite having been described and classified from a clinical and microbiological perspective more than 100 years ago, little is still known about the history, ecology, mode of transmission, epidemiology and clinical presentation of piedras. Nevertheless, the differences between the two mycoses help to orient clinical and fungal diagnoses.
