ABSTRACT
Embryonal tumors, the most common group of malignant brain tumors in childhood, are heterogeneous and have been associated with a large number of genetic abnormalities. The aim of this study was to comprehensively analyze loss of heterozygosity (LOH) on regions harboring suppressor genes (PTCH2, PTCH1, APC, PTEN, DMBT1, SUFU, AXIN1, hSNF5/INI1) and to study chromosomal regions in which deletions have been described most frequently (1p, 1q, 11p, 16p, 17p). Twenty-nine children (17 male and 12 female), aged from 1 year 13 years were included in this study. There were 24 medulloblastomas (MB) and 5 supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumors (sPNET). Tissue samples from 29 primary and 11 recurrent tumors were analyzed according to the LOH standard procedures, which were extended to include fluorescence in situ hybridization for detection of isochromosome 17q (i(17q)) and direct sequencing ofTP53 exon 4. LOH on 17p was found in 15 out of 29 tumors. FISH analysis identified the presence of i(17q) in 16 tumors. Comparison of LOH analysis and the FISH data indicated that alterations of 17p were related to be the introduction of an i(17q) formation. LOH on 10q and 9q was observed in 4 and 2 cases, respectively, and was associated with alterations of chromosome 17. These results indicated a connection between alterations of PTCH/SHH genes and abnormalities of chromosome 17. A deleted region on 22q, covering the hSNF5/INI1 locus, was observed in 3 tumors. Progression of the molecular changes occurred in 1 case of recurrent medulloblastoma. LOH on 10q and 17p was found in both primary and recurrent tumor, while losses on 11p, 16p, and 16q occurred only in the recurrent tumor. No evidence of alteration in TP53 exon 4 was identified.
Subject(s)
Brain Neoplasms/genetics , Loss of Heterozygosity , Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal/genetics , Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence , Infant , MaleABSTRACT
A pathological analysis of 58 pilocytic astrocytomas (PA) and 11 gangliogliomas (GG) was performed using immunohistochemistry. Antibodies against neuronal and glial markers (GFAP, SYN, NFP) were used. An analysis of survivors using the Kaplan Meier curve was also performed and compared with the literature reports. During the retrospective review of 58 cases recognized primarily as PA, 11 verified neoplasms demonstrated strong, immunopositive reaction for SYN or NFP or both antibodies. These cases were reclassified as gangliogliomas (GG). None of the 11 tumors recognized as GG was reclassified as PA. The overall 5-year survival was 88.89% in the PA and 70% in GG groups.
Subject(s)
Astrocytoma/pathology , Brain Neoplasms/pathology , Ganglioglioma/pathology , Adolescent , Astrocytoma/metabolism , Brain Neoplasms/metabolism , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Ganglioglioma/metabolism , Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein/metabolism , Humans , Infant , Male , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
We present here a clinico-pathological analysis of 58 pilocytic astrocytomas (PA) and 11 gangliogliomas (GG) based on an analysis of neuronal markers (GFAP, SYN, NFP) in these two groups of neoplasms. During the retrospective review of 58 cases recognized primarily as PA, 11 verified neoplasms demonstrated strong reaction for SYN or NFP or for both antibodies. These cases were reclassified as gangliogliomas. None of 11 tumors recognized as GG were further reclassified as PA. The overall 5-year survival was 88.89% in PA and 70.00% in GG group.
Subject(s)
Astrocytoma/pathology , Brain Neoplasms/pathology , Ganglioglioma/pathology , Adolescent , Astrocytoma/mortality , Brain Neoplasms/mortality , Case-Control Studies , Child , Child, Preschool , Diagnosis, Differential , Female , Ganglioglioma/mortality , Humans , Immunohistochemistry , Infant , Male , Survival RateABSTRACT
A case of solitary pleomorphic adenoma, ("mixed" tumor of salivary gland type) of the left breast associated with the right breast fibroadenoma in 43-year-old woman is reported. The paper describes clinical, cytological, immunohistological and pathological findings in this case and indicates the importance of separating this benign entity from malignances with stromal metaplasia.
Subject(s)
Adenoma, Pleomorphic/pathology , Breast Neoplasms/pathology , Fibroadenoma/pathology , Neoplasms, Multiple Primary/pathology , Adenoma, Pleomorphic/metabolism , Adenoma, Pleomorphic/surgery , Adult , Breast Neoplasms/metabolism , Breast Neoplasms/surgery , Female , Fibroadenoma/metabolism , Fibroadenoma/surgery , Histocytochemistry , Humans , Neoplasms, Multiple Primary/surgery , Receptors, Estradiol/metabolism , S100 Proteins/metabolismABSTRACT
In this study the authors tried to evaluate the effect of tobacco smoke (source of oxidants) vitamin C and E (antioxidants) on elastase induced pulmonary emphysema in hamsters. Using morphometry the internal area of pulmonary alveoli was calculated. The results of this study differ from other similar studies because no effect of tobacco smoke could be demonstrated. The authors discuss this finding.
