ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Limited national information is available in Morocco on the prevalence and distribution of HPV-sub-types of cervical cancer and the role of other risk factors. The aim was to determine the frequency of HPV-sub-types of cervical cancer in Morocco and investigate risk factors for this disease. METHODS: Between November 2009 and April 2012 a multicentre case-control study was carried out. A total of 144 cases of cervical cancer and 288 age-matched controls were included. Odds-ratios and corresponding confidence-intervals were computed by conditional logistic regression models. RESULTS: Current HPV infection was detected in 92.5% of cases and 13.9% of controls. HPV16 was the most common type for both cases and controls. Very strong associations between HPV-sub-types and cervical cancer were observed: total-HPV (OR = 39), HPV16 (OR = 49), HPV18 (OR = 31), and multiple infections (OR = 13). Education, high parity, sexual intercourse during menstruation, history of sexually transmitted infections, and husband's multiple sexual partners were also significantly associated with cervical cancer in the multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Our results could be used to establish a primary prevention program and to prioritize limited screening to women who have specific characteristics that may put them at an increased risk of cervical cancer.
Subject(s)
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/epidemiology , Papillomavirus Infections/epidemiology , Sexually Transmitted Diseases/epidemiology , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/epidemiology , Adult , Aged , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/virology , Case-Control Studies , DNA, Viral/isolation & purification , Female , Human papillomavirus 16/isolation & purification , Human papillomavirus 16/pathogenicity , Humans , Middle Aged , Morocco/epidemiology , Papillomavirus Infections/pathology , Papillomavirus Infections/virology , Risk Factors , Sexually Transmitted Diseases/pathology , Sexually Transmitted Diseases/virology , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/pathology , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/virologyABSTRACT
Endometriosis is defined by the presence and growth of ectopic functional endometrial tissue outside the uterus. Scar endometriosis has been described following obstetrical and gynecological surgery. It is a rare condition, though probably on the rise, due to the considerable increase of cesarean sections performed worldwide. Its physiopathology is complex; its symptomatology is rich and diverse but thorough clinical examination along with ultrasound imaging and potentially pretherapeutic cytologic evaluation are usually efficient in diagnosing the condition. Treatment is mostly surgical. We report the case of a cesarean section scar endometriosis, managed at a tertiary level center and emphasize the diagnosis and treatment options.
