ABSTRACT
FUNDAMENTO: O diagnóstico de SCA e a estratificação de risco contemporâneos são fundamentais para o manejo apropriado e redução da mortalidade e eventos isquêmicos recorrentes, tanto na fase aguda quanto após hospitalização. A Definição Universal de Infarto do Miocárdio recomenda a detecção de curva de troponina acima do limite superior do percentil 99. OBJETIVOS: Avaliar a ocorrência de óbito e infarto agudo do miocárdio (IAM) na fase precoce em pacientes sem elevação de troponina (0,034 ng/mL e 0,12 ng/mL)]. Avaliar o impacto do percentil 99 versus ponto de corte para troponina na indicação de estratégia invasiva e revascularização miocárdica. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal de pacientes com SCA sem elevação de ST com avaliação do pico da troponina I, escore de risco GRACE - admissão e alta, análise prospectiva de desfechos clínicos até 30 dias e testes bilaterais de significância. RESULTADOS: Em 494 pacientes, troponina > percentil 99 e abaixo do ponto de corte, assim como valores maiores (acima do ponto de corte), foram associados à maior incidência do desfecho composto (p<0,01) sem diferença significante em mortalidade até 30 dias. (Gráficos 1, 2 e 3) CONCLUSÕES: Valores de troponina acima do percentil 99 pela Definição Universal de IAM apresentam papel prognóstico e agregam informação útil ao diagnóstico clínico e escore de risco na identificação de pacientes com maior probabilidade de benefício com estratificação invasiva e procedimentos de revascularização coronária.
Subject(s)
Troponin I , Myocardial InfarctionABSTRACT
INTRODUÇÃO: O termo MINOCA (Myocardial Infarction with Nonobstrutive Coronary Arteries) é utilizado para se referir aos casos de infarto agudo do miocárdio (IAM) em que na angiografia as artérias coronárias são normais. A MINOCA representa 14% de todas as causas de IAM, sendo mais frequente em mulheres jovens. Os mixomas são os tumores benignos primários do coração mais frequentes (40-50%). RELATO DE CASO: VMF, 49 anos, sexo feminino, apresentando dispneia aos esforços há 4 meses. O eletrocardiograma evidenciou área eletricamente inativa anterior extensa (figura 1) e o ecocardiograma (figura 2), fração de ejeção de ventrículo esquerdo (VE) de 55% (método Simpson), acinesia do ápice e dos segmentos apicais de todas as paredes e presença de imagem sugestiva de massa homogênea, com contornos regulares, localizada no interior do átrio esquerdo, medindo 25x28mm. Foi submetida à ressecção tumoral, com anatomopatológico confirmando mixoma atrial esquerdo. Paciente manteve seguimento ambulatorial, onde realizou angiotomografia de coronárias com escore de cálcio de zero, sem placas ateroscleróticas ou redução luminal. A ressonância magnética cardíaca (RMC), figura 3, mostrou fibrose miocárdica difusa, transmural, poupando apenas os segmentos anterolateral e inferolateral basais, com áreas de fibrose microvascular. A paciente evoluiu com disfunção ventricular, recebendo o tratamento medicamentoso recomendado. DISCUSSÃO: O diagnóstico de MINOCA na evolução deste caso pode ser bem estabelecido pelas alterações eletrocardiográficas, ecocardiográficas e, principalmente pelas alterações da RMC com a comprovação de realce tardio transmural de padrão coronariano. Foram afastadas lesões coronárias estruturais pela angiotomografia coronária. A presença de massa tumoral atrial esquerda levanta a possibilidade de embolização coronária, seja por fragmentos da massa ou por trombos formados pela sua presença, ou ainda por estado de hipercoagulabilidade induzida pelo tumor. A presença de embolização sistêmica em portadores de mixoma de átrio esquerdo é bem conhecida, embora o diagnóstico de embolia coronária seja extremamente rara. CONCLUSÃO: Massas tumorais cardíacas devem ser lembradas diante de casos de MINOCA, e um ecocardiograma e RMC são métodos diagnósticos importantes para confirmação deste diagnóstico. O tratamento cirúrgico precoce e possivelmente anticoagulação devem ser considerados para prevenção desta ocorrência
Subject(s)
Humans , Carney Complex , Myocardial InfarctionABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an emerging mosquito-borne disease that causes acute febrile polyarthralgia and arthritis. CHIKV has spread rapidly to the Americas and, in Brazil, autochthonous cases are increasingly been reported. Solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients who travel to or live in CHIKV endemic areas are under high risk of acquiring the disease. Few data exist regarding the clinical characteristics of CHIKV infections in this population. We report the first case series of CHIKV infection in SOT recipients. METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated 13 cases of CHIKV infection in SOT recipients between January 2016 and December 2016 confirmed by laboratory tests and transplanted in the Renal and Liver Transplant Units of Walter Cantídio University Hospital from Federal University of Ceará. RESULTS: Positive CHIKV serology (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay immunoglobulin M) was found in all patients (9 kidney and 4 liver transplant recipients). All of these patients had been living in endemic areas for dengue and CHIKV in the past months before the illness. The mean time between transplantation and CHIKV infection was of 7.2 years. Fever presented in 11 (84.6%) patients and 5 (38.5%) presented with a maculopapular rash. All cases had joint symptoms: 11 (84.6%) with symmetrical and peripheral polyarthralgia/polyarthritis and 2 (15.3%) with monoarthralgia/monoarthritis. Six (46%) patients had a joint complaint that lasted 3 months. Two patients had concomitant positive dengue serology (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay immunoglobulin M). There were no cases of complications or deaths. CONCLUSION: SOT with CHIKV infection seems to have a clinical presentation and evolution similar to those seen in the general population, with no apparent damage to the graft.
Subject(s)
Chikungunya Fever/diagnosis , Chikungunya virus/isolation & purification , Transplant Recipients , Adult , Arthralgia/etiology , Brazil , Chikungunya Fever/complications , Diagnosis, Differential , Endemic Diseases , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Female , Fever/etiology , Humans , Immunoglobulin M/blood , Male , Middle Aged , Retrospective Studies , TravelABSTRACT
Premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) seem to form a severity continuum with no clear-cut boundary. However, since the American Psychiatric Association proposed the research criteria for PMDD in 1994, there has been no agreement about the symptomatic constellation that constitutes this syndrome. The objective of the present study was to establish the core latent structure of PMDD symptoms in a non-clinical sample. Data concerning PMDD symptoms were obtained from 632 regularly menstruating college students (mean age 24.4 years, SD 5.9, range 17 to 49). For the first random half (N = 316), we performed principal component analysis (PCA) and for the remaining half (N = 316), we tested three theory-derived competing models of PMDD by confirmatory factor analysis. PCA allowed us to extract two correlated factors, i.e., dysphoric-somatic and behavioral-impairment factors. The two-dimensional latent model derived from PCA showed the best overall fit among three models tested by confirmatory factor analysis (c²53 = 64.39, P = 0.13; goodness-of-fit indices = 0.96; adjusted goodness-of-fit indices = 0.95; root mean square residual = 0.05; root mean square error of approximation = 0.03; 90 percentCI = 0.00 to 0.05; Akaike's information criterion = -41.61). The items "out of control" and "physical symptoms" loaded conspicuously on the first factor and "interpersonal impairment" loaded higher on the second factor. The construct validity for PMDD was accounted for by two highly correlated dimensions. These results support the argument for focusing on the core psychopathological dimension of PMDD in future studies.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders , Models, Psychological , Premenstrual Syndrome/diagnosis , Brazil , Factor Analysis, Statistical , Principal Component Analysis , Premenstrual Syndrome/psychology , Reproducibility of Results , Socioeconomic Factors , Students , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
Premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) seem to form a severity continuum with no clear-cut boundary. However, since the American Psychiatric Association proposed the research criteria for PMDD in 1994, there has been no agreement about the symptomatic constellation that constitutes this syndrome. The objective of the present study was to establish the core latent structure of PMDD symptoms in a non-clinical sample. Data concerning PMDD symptoms were obtained from 632 regularly menstruating college students (mean age 24.4 years, SD 5.9, range 17 to 49). For the first random half (N = 316), we performed principal component analysis (PCA) and for the remaining half (N = 316), we tested three theory-derived competing models of PMDD by confirmatory factor analysis. PCA allowed us to extract two correlated factors, i.e., dysphoric-somatic and behavioral-impairment factors. The two-dimensional latent model derived from PCA showed the best overall fit among three models tested by confirmatory factor analysis (chi(2)53 = 64.39, P = 0.13; goodness-of-fit indices = 0.96; adjusted goodness-of-fit indices = 0.95; root mean square residual = 0.05; root mean square error of approximation = 0.03; 90%CI = 0.00 to 0.05; Akaike's information criterion = -41.61). The items "out of control" and "physical symptoms" loaded conspicuously on the first factor and "interpersonal impairment" loaded higher on the second factor. The construct validity for PMDD was accounted for by two highly correlated dimensions. These results support the argument for focusing on the core psychopathological dimension of PMDD in future studies.
Subject(s)
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders , Models, Psychological , Premenstrual Syndrome/diagnosis , Adolescent , Adult , Brazil , Factor Analysis, Statistical , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Premenstrual Syndrome/psychology , Principal Component Analysis , Reproducibility of Results , Socioeconomic Factors , Students , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
The psychometric properties of the Portuguese version of the trait form of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-T) and its relation to the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) were evaluated in a large Brazilian college student sample containing 845 women and 235 men. STAI-T scores tended to be higher for women, singles, those who work, and subjects under 30 years. Factor analysis of the STAI-T for total sample and by gender yielded two factors: the first representing a mood dimension and the second being related to worrying or cognitive aspects of anxiety. In order to study the relation between anxiety and depression measures, factor analysis of the combination of the 21 BDI items and the 20 STAI-T items was also carried out. The analysis resulted in two factors that were analyzed according to the tripartite model of anxiety and depression. Most of the BDI items (measuring positive affectivity and nonspecific symptoms of depression) were loaded on the first factor and four STAI-T items that measure positive affectivity. The remaining STAI-T items, all of them measuring negative affect, remained in the second factor. Thus, factor 1 represents a depression dimension and factor 2 measures a mood-worrying dimension. The findings of this study suggest that, although widely used as an anxiety scale, the STAI-T in fact measures mainly a general negative affect.
Subject(s)
Anxiety/diagnosis , Depression/diagnosis , Personality Inventory , Students/psychology , Adult , Age Distribution , Anxiety/psychology , Brazil , Depression/psychology , Female , Humans , Male , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales , Psychometrics , Regression Analysis , Reproducibility of Results , Sex Distribution , Sex FactorsABSTRACT
The psychometric properties of the Portuguese version of the trait form of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-T) and its relation to the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) were evaluated in a large Brazilian college student sample containing 845 women and 235 men. STAI-T scores tended to be higher for women, singles, those who work, and subjects under 30 years. Factor analysis of the STAI-T for total sample and by gender yielded two factors: the first representing a mood dimension and the second being related to worrying or cognitive aspects of anxiety. In order to study the relation between anxiety and depression measures, factor analysis of the combination of the 21 BDI items and the 20 STAI-T items was also carried out. The analysis resulted in two factors that were analyzed according to the tripartite model of anxiety and depression. Most of the BDI items (measuring positive affectivity and nonspecific symptoms of depression) were loaded on the first factor and four STAI-T items that measure positive affectivity. The remaining STAI-T items, all of them measuring negative affect, remained in the second factor. Thus, factor 1 represents a depression dimension and factor 2 measures a mood-worrying dimension. The findings of this study suggest that, although widely used as an anxiety scale, the STAI-T in fact measures mainly a general negative affect
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Anxiety/diagnosis , Depression/diagnosis , Personality Inventory , Students/psychology , Age Distribution , Anxiety/psychology , Brazil , Depression/psychology , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales , Psychometrics , Regression Analysis , Reproducibility of Results , Sex Distribution , Sex FactorsABSTRACT
The psychometric properties of the Portuguese version of the Beck Depression Inventory were studied on a large Brazilian college student sample (N= 1,080; 845 women, 235 men). The BDI scores according to sociodemographic characteristics and mean individual item scores for total sample and by gender were compared. BDI scores tend to be higher for women, for those who work, and for the younger participants. The reliability of the inventory estimated by alpha coefficient was high for the total sample (.86) and subgroups. Factor analysis showed three factors for the total sample (low self-esteem, cognitive-affective, and somatic) and two for each gender. Women combined affective and low self-esteem whereas men combined somatic and low self-esteem in the same dimension. Discriminant analysis showed that BDI highly discriminates depressive symptomatology in college students and measures specific aspects of depression.
Subject(s)
Depression/diagnosis , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales/standards , Adult , Brazil , Female , Humans , Language , Male , Middle Aged , Psychometrics , Reproducibility of Results , Self Concept , Sex FactorsABSTRACT
The acute effects of flumazenil, a benzodiazepine (BZD) receptor antagonist in long-term BZD users were used as a possible test to detect physiological dependence. Thirty-four subjects (20 females, 14 males) aged 26-48 years (mean + SD, 42.4+/-8.5 years), all chronic users of low doses of diazepam (5-20 mg/day, 14.2+/-4.8 mg/day) for 5 to 28 years (10.5+/-6 years), received a single 1-mg i.v. flumazenil dose or saline, infused slowly under double-blind conditions. Physiological dependence was suggested as all patients receiving flumazenil developed an anxiety reaction while the placebo group did not. Flumazenil triggered a qualitatively different reaction amounting to a panic attack during infusion in nine out of 15 patients. These patients had a diagnosis of panic disorder or a history of panic attacks. Caution should be exercised when giving flumazenil to panic patients who are taking BZDs as maintenance treatment.
Subject(s)
Anti-Anxiety Agents , Arousal/drug effects , Diazepam , Flumazenil , GABA Modulators , Panic/drug effects , Substance-Related Disorders/diagnosis , Adult , Anti-Anxiety Agents/adverse effects , Diazepam/adverse effects , Double-Blind Method , Female , Humans , Infusions, Intravenous , Male , Middle Aged , Panic Disorder/diagnosisABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency and features of psychiatric morbidity in a cross-section of 38 outpatients with neurocysticercosis. METHODS: Diagnosis of neurocysticercosis was established by CT scan, MRI and CSF analysis. Psychiatric diagnoses were made by using the Present State Examination and the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia. Lifetime version; cognitive state was assessed by Mini-Mental State Examination and Strub & Black's Mental Status Examination. RESULTS: Depression was the most frequent psychiatric diagnosis (52.6%) as shown by PSE. Active disease and intracranial hypertension were associated with higher psychiatric morbidity, and previous history of mood disorders was strongly related to current depression. CONCLUSIONS: Depression syndromes are frequent in patients with neurocysticercosis. The extent to which organic mechanisms related to brain lesions may underlie the observed mental changes is yet unclear, though the similar sex distribution of patients with and without depression, as well as the above mentioned correlations, provide further evidence of the role played by organic factors in the cause of these syndromes. The results of this study are discussed in the light of the data available for other organic psychiatric disorders.
Subject(s)
Brain Diseases/parasitology , Cysticercosis/complications , Depressive Disorder/etiology , Adult , Brain Diseases/complications , Cysticercosis/psychology , Depressive Disorder/diagnosis , Depressive Disorder/epidemiology , Depressive Disorder/parasitology , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Prevalence , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency and features of psychiatric morbidity in a cross section of 38 outpatients with neurocysticercosis. METHODS: Diagnosis of neurocysticercosis was established by CT, MRI, and CSF analysis. Psychiatric diagnoses were made by using the present state examination and the schedule for affective disorders and schizophrenia-lifetime version; cognitive state was assessed by mini mental state examination and Strub and Black's mental status examination. RESULTS: Signs of psychiatric disease and cognitive decline were found in 65.8 and 87.5% of the cases respectively. Depression was the most frequent psychiatric diagnosis (52.6%) and 14.2% of the patients were psychotic. Active disease and intracranial hypertension were associated with higher psychiatric morbidity, and previous history of mood disorders was strongly related to current depression. Other variables, such as number and type of brain lesions, severity of neuropsychological deficits, epilepsy, and use of steroids did not correlate with mental disturbances in this sample. CONCLUSIONS: Psychiatric abnormalities, particularly depression syndromes, are frequent in patients with neurocysticercosis. Although regarded as a rare cause of dementia, mild cognitive impairment may be a much more prevalent neuropsychological feature of patients with neurocysticercosis. The extent to which organic mechanisms related to brain lesions may underlie the mental changes is yet unclear, although the similar sex distribution of patients with and without depression, as well as the above mentioned correlations, provide further evidence of the part played by organic factors in the cause of these syndromes.
Subject(s)
Brain/parasitology , Cysticercosis/parasitology , Cysticercosis/psychology , Adolescent , Adult , Brazil , Cognition Disorders/diagnosis , Cysticercosis/diagnosis , Depressive Disorder/diagnosis , Depressive Disorder/psychology , Humans , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Middle Aged , Neuropsychological Tests , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
The pituitary-adrenal responsiveness to desmopressin of women with depressive illness was compared with that of patients with Cushing's disease, who are known to be highly responsive, and to that of normal controls, who are known to be poorly responsive to the peptide. Although 100% of the patients in the group with Cushing's disease met the response criterion with cortisol increases of 632 +/- 80 nmol/L above baseline (mean +/- SE), the prevalence of responders was 36% in the depressive group and 10% in normal controls, with cortisol changes from baseline of 154 +/- 28 and 79 +/- 15 nmol/L, respectively. All response parameters were significantly higher in the patients with Cushing's disease and did not differ between depressive patients and normal controls, who exhibited the same general pattern of cortisol and ACTH responses. It is concluded that the desmopressin test can be used in the differentiation between depression and Cushing's disease, and that the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal regulation is distinct in these two conditions.