Do you think that you eat more than you should? Perception of adolescents from a Brazilian municipality.

OBJECTIVES: To estimate the prevalence of the perception of eating more than one should and the associated factors in adolescents, and to analyze differences in dietary indicators according to the perception of overeating. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional population-based study with a sample of 912 adolescents, participants of a food consumption survey conducted in 2015-2016, in Campinas, SP, Brazil. RESULTS: The prevalence of the perception of eating more than one should was 35.0%, and higher in those who declared themselves non-white, those who had excess weight, those who had high waist circumference, those who would like to change their weight, those who did something to lose weight, and those who evaluated themselves as fat. The prevalence rates were also higher in those who perceived the quality of their diet as poor, who had higher frequencies of consumption of sweets, soft drinks, cold meats, and lower frequencies of consumption of fruits, raw vegetables, and breakfast up to three times a week. Among those who considered themselves as overeating, higher intakes of energy, carbohydrate, protein, fat, added sugar, and sodium were observed, and prevalence rates of 38.5% for overweight and 66.2% for obesity were identified. CONCLUSION: The perception of eating more than one should was associated with unhealthy eating practices, the self-assessment of a poor quality diet, dissatisfaction with weight, and inadequate nutritional status. There is a need for further studies to investigate the application of the question "Do you think that you eat more than you should?" as a health behavior indicator.

Can Meals Outside Homes Impact Sodium Intake?

BACKGROUND: The WHO currently recommends a daily sodium intake of 2 g and has established the goal of a 30% reduction in mean salt intake by 2025. OBJECTIVE: We sought to estimate sodium intake in study participants according to the locations of where they consumed meals and their demographic and socioeconomic characteristics and practices related to salt consumption. METHODS: A population-based, cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 2574 individuals aged ≥10 y who answered the 2015 Campinas-Brazil Nutrition Survey. Mean sodium intake was estimated using a 24-h recall log and associations with the independent variables were tested using generalized regression analysis stratified by age group. RESULTS: Sodium intake was higher in male participants as well as adolescents and adults who reported eating ≥1 meal outside the home (6.07% and 7.06% increase, respectively). Per meal, sodium was consumed more outside the home at breakfast, during an afternoon snack, and at dinner among adolescents. No significant differences were found in the analysis by type of meal among the adults and seniors. CONCLUSIONS: Sodium intake exceeded the WHO recommendation in all age groups analyzed. Having ≥1 meal outside the home was associated with greater sodium intake among adolescents and adults. Measures to regulate the food industry and dietary/nutritional education strategies targeting consumers are important to reducing the sodium intake of the population.

Effects of the use of growth hormone in children and adolescents with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a systematic review.

INTRODUCTION: Children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) often have impaired growth and short stature. There is evidence that the therapeutic use of growth hormone (GH) is useful and safe in these patients. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effects of GH use in patients with JIA. METHOD: A systematic review of the literature over the last 18 years in Medline and Embase databases. The criteria were analyzed independently by the researchers. We used the following keywords: "growth hormone", "arthritis, juvenile", "arthritis, rheumatoid", "child" and "adolescent". RESULTS: Among the 192 identified articles, 20 corresponded to the inclusion criteria. Seventeen longitudinal studies and 3 case reports were found. Most studies analyzed observed increased growth, muscle mass and bone mass using GH. Adverse effects observed were glucose intolerance, diabetes, bone deformities, osteonecrosis, reactivation of the disease and low final height. CONCLUSION: The majority of studies reported positive effects after the therapeutic use of GH, but some variability in response to treatment was observed. The combination of growth hormone with other drugs seems to be a good option.

Nutritional status of schoolchildren aged 7-10 years enrolled in public and private schools of Cascavel, Paraná, Brazil / Estado nutricional de escolares de sete a 10 anos de escolas públicas e privadas de Cascavel, Paraná, Brasil

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the prevalence of malnutrition, overweight, and obesity in schoolchildren aged 7-10 years from public and private schools of Cascavel, Paraná, Brazil. Methods: Demographic information (sex, age, and type of school) and anthropometric measurements (body mass and height) were collected from 2,180 students (1,693 from public schools and 487 from private schools). The nutritional status of the children was classified according to their body mass index Z-score. Results: The prevalences of malnutrition, overweight, and obesity were 6.1%, 9.8% and 11.1%, respectively. Girls were 15.9% more likely to be malnourished than boys. As for overweight, 10-year-olds were 1.53 times more likely to be overweight than 7-year-olds. Children from private schools were 1.63 times more likely to be overweight and 2.88 times more likely to be obese than their public school peers. Conclusion: The prevalence of malnutrition and excess weight (overweight and obesity) were high, and girls were more likely to be malnourished. Ten-year-olds and children from private schools were the most affected by overweight and obesity.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar a prevalência de desnutrição, sobrepeso e obesidade em escolares de sete a 10 anos em estudantes de escolas públicas e privadas de Cascavel, Paraná, Brasil. Métodos: Informações demográficas (sexo, idade e rede de ensino) e medidas antropométricas (massa corporal e estatura) foram obtidas de 2.180 escolares (1.693 de escolas públicas e 487 de privadas). Os valores do Escore-Z do índice de massa corporal foram adotados para a determinação do estado nutricional. Resultados: As taxas de prevalência de desnutrição, sobrepeso e obesidade foram na ordem de 6,1%, 9,8% e 11,1%, respectivamente. As meninas apresentaram mais chances (15,9 vezes) para o desenvolvimento de desnutrição do que os meninos. Por outro lado, crianças de 10 anos apresentaram mais chances (1,53 vezes) para desenvolverem sobrepeso em relação aos seus pares de sete anos. Adicionalmente, crianças de escolas privadas apresentaram mais chances para o desenvolvimento de sobrepeso (1,63 vezes) ou obesidade (2,88 vezes), em relação aos seus respectivos pares de escolas públicas. Conclusão: As taxas de prevalência de desnutrição e excesso de peso reveladas neste estudo foram elevadas, com as meninas apresentando mais chances para tornarem-se desnutridas do que os meninos. Em contrapartida, tanto o sobrepeso quanto a obesidade foram fenômenos mais frequentemente observados aos 10 anos, em escolares de ambos os sexos e naqueles matriculados na rede privada de ensino.