ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: The advent of new antiretroviral drugs such as protease inhibitors (PI) has generated sensible changes in oral manifestation patterns in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected adult patients. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the present study was to assess whether the use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has brought changes to pattern and prevalence of oral lesions related to HIV in the HIV-infected pediatric population. CASUISTIC AND METHOD: We analyzed medical charts of 471 children aged zero to 12 years and 11 months with HIV infection and followed up by the Ambulatory of AIDS, Clinical Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital das Clinicas, Medical School, Sao Paulo University, from January 1990 to December 2004. Four hundred and fifty-nine children were divided into two groups, according to age range: X (0-5 years and 11 months) and Y (6-12 years and 11 months). These groups were subdivided into four subgroups, according to use of ART (antiretroviral therapy without PI) or HAART. We recorded data related to type of oral lesion presented, as well as serum CD4+ lymphocyte count. The groups were compared concerning prevalence and presentation pattern of oral manifestations. RESULTS: Out of 459 children, 144 (31.4%) had oral lesions. We observed that in children aged 6-12 years and 11 months who were taking HAART, there was lower prevalence of oral lesions (p=0.005), specially hairy leukoplakia (p<0.02), without any affection to the common presentation pattern of these lesions. The same subgroup also had higher serum CD4+ lymphocyte counts (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: We concluded that use of HAART could lead to reduction in prevalence of oral lesions in HIV-infected children.
Subject(s)
Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active , HIV Infections/drug therapy , Mouth Diseases/etiology , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/etiology , Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use , Brazil , CD4 Lymphocyte Count , Candidiasis, Oral/etiology , Cheilitis/etiology , Child , Child, Preschool , Cohort Studies , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Infant , Leukoplakia, Hairy/etiology , Male , Otitis Media/etiology , Parotitis/etiology , Retrospective Studies , Sinusitis/etiologyABSTRACT
Brown tumor, an uncommon focal giant-cell lesion, arises as a direct result of the effect of parathyroid hormone on bone tissue inpatients with hyperparathyroidism. The initial treatment involves the correction of hyperparathyroidism, which usually leads to tumor regression. We report a case of brown tumor of the right nasal fossa in a 71-year-old woman. The tumor had caused nasal obstruction and epistaxis. Laboratory evaluation revealed that the patient had primary hyperparathyroidism. Anatomicopathologic investigation revealed the presence of a giant-cell tumor We performed a partial parathyroidectomy, but the tumor in the right nasal fossa failed to regress. One year later we performed surgical resection of the lesion. The patient recovered uneventfully, and she remained asymptomatic and recurrence-free at the 1-year follow-up. Facial lesions with histologic features of a giant-cell tumor should be evaluated from a systemic standpoint. Hyperparathyroidism should always be investigated by laboratory tests because most affected patients are asymptomatic. Surgical resection of a brown tumor should be considered if the mass does not regress after correction of the inciting hyperparathyroidism or if the patient is highly symptomatic.
