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1.
Neurosci Lett ; 617: 173-7, 2016 Mar 23.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26845563

ABSTRACT

Early life stress (ELS) has been associated with biological and psychosocial alterations due to developmental reprogramming. Here, we investigated whether childhood maltreatment is associated with an imbalance between the production of oxidative markers and antioxidant defenses. Thirty adolescents with no psychiatric disorder but reporting childhood maltreatment and twenty-seven adolescents with no psychiatric disorder and no history of ELS were recruited for the study. Childhood maltreatment was investigated by the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). Redox state was estimated by plasma levels of protein carbonylation, total thiol content (SH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), as well as total reactive antioxidant potential (TRAP). Childhood maltreatment was associated with oxidative stress as shown by increased protein carbonylation. Interestingly, adolescents exposed to maltreatment also displayed higher SOD levels, TRAP kinetics and reduced GPx levels when compared with adolescents who had not undergone childhood maltreatment. No significant differences were observed for SH levels. Taken together, we provide novel evidence indicating that childhood maltreatment is associated with increased oxidative stress markers in otherwise healthy adolescents.


Subject(s)
Antioxidants/metabolism , Child Abuse , Oxidative Stress , Stress, Psychological/metabolism , Adolescent , Female , Glutathione Peroxidase/blood , Humans , Male , Oxidation-Reduction , Protein Carbonylation , Reactive Oxygen Species/blood , Superoxide Dismutase/blood
2.
J Subst Abuse Treat ; 31(4): 403-9, 2006 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17084794

ABSTRACT

This study investigates the impact of social phobia on adherence to and outcomes 6 months following standard alcohol treatment and Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) group meetings among alcohol-dependent patients with and without social phobia. In a cohort study, 300 detoxified alcohol-dependent individuals in Porto Alegre, Brazil, were interviewed during, as well as 3 and 6 months after hospital detoxification. At both follow-up points, treatment adherence was low and relapse rates were high among patients with and without social phobia, and no significant differences were seen between the two groups of patients in relapse, adherence to AA, or adherence to psychotherapy. Findings from this sample suggest that although alcohol-dependent patients with social phobia showed a tendency for less adherence at AA and felt less integrated with their AA group, social phobia comorbidity was not a significant risk factor for alcohol use relapse or for nonadherence to AA or psychotherapy.


Subject(s)
Alcoholism/epidemiology , Alcoholism/rehabilitation , Patient Compliance/statistics & numerical data , Phobic Disorders/epidemiology , Adult , Alcoholics Anonymous , Alcoholism/psychology , Anxiety Disorders/diagnosis , Anxiety Disorders/epidemiology , Anxiety Disorders/psychology , Brazil , Comorbidity , Depressive Disorder/diagnosis , Depressive Disorder/epidemiology , Depressive Disorder/psychology , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Patient Compliance/psychology , Phobic Disorders/diagnosis , Phobic Disorders/psychology , Psychotherapy , Recurrence , Risk Factors , Statistics as Topic , Substance Abuse Treatment Centers
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