ABSTRACT
We describe HIV-1 incidence and the prevalence of genetic subtypes among cocaine users in São Paulo, Brazil. A cross-sectional HIV-1 survey was carried out among 839 current cocaine users attending seven drug treatment units in the São Paulo metropolitan area from 1997 to 1998. HIV-1 subtyping was performed among 41 positive individuals using the heteroduplex mobility assay and DNA sequencing. Participants were mainly male (95.7%) with a history of previous imprisonment (54%), and the mean age was 26.9 years (SD = 7.2). The majority (64.4%) were current crack cocaine users, and 82.1% of the total participants were noninjectors. HIV-1 seroprevalence was 4.9% (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.6%-6.6%), and the incidence (estimated by the sensitive/less-sensitive immunoassay testing strategy) was 0.71% per year (95% CI, 0.07-3.03). HIV-1 subtype B was predominant (90.3%), followed by subtype F. There was no statistically significant association between HIV-1 subtype and specific route of drug administration. Our incidence data show evidence of recent HIV-1 transmission among cocaine users, mainly among noninjectors. Detection of recently infected HIV-1 cases linked to genetic diversity analysis may provide baseline information for public health interventions in this sentinel group.
Subject(s)
Cocaine-Related Disorders/complications , Crack Cocaine , Genetic Variation , HIV Infections/epidemiology , HIV-1/classification , Adult , Brazil/epidemiology , Female , HIV Infections/virology , HIV-1/genetics , Humans , Incidence , Male , Molecular Sequence Data , Phylogeny , Prevalence , Sequence Analysis, DNAABSTRACT
Este levantamento tem por objetivo detectar os principais riscos existentes, através de uma análise das atividades desenvolvidas na escola. Esta análise permite determinar as condiçöes inseguras, presentes no ambiente. Com base nas informaçöes obtidas säo dadas recomendaçöes, com a finalidade de eliminar ou minimizar os riscos observados
