ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate New York Heart Association (NYHA) class and systolic pulmonary artery pressure (sPAP) as survival predictors in major interstitial lung diseases (ILD) including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), non-specific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) and hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) and in other ILD like granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA). PATIENTS AND METHODS: We analyzed survival, NYHA class, sPAP, and Octreoscan uptake index (UI) in 104 ILD patients (59 IPF, 19 NSIP, 10 HP and 16 GPA; median age 60.5 years) all referred to a single centre. RESULTS: Median survival was 68 months, with 1- and 2-year survival of 91% and 78%, respectively. Survival was lower among IPF and NSIP vs. HP and GPA patients (p=0.01). NYHA class 3-4 was more frequent among IPF (76.3%) vs. NSIP patients (31.6%; p<0.001). HP and GPA had NYHA class 1-2. NYHA class was negatively associated with survival (class 1=90.3 months vs. class 3=18.3 months and class 4=5.1 months; p=0.001). sPAP was >55 mmHg in 76.3% of patients with IPF and 35-55 mmHg in 63.2% of patients with NSIP. Patients with HP and GPA had sPAP < 55 mmHg. Among patients with IPF, NYHA and sPAP were negatively associated with survival (p<0.01) both showed a parallel trend. High-resolution computed tomography and survival were worse among IPF and NSIP vs. HP and GPA patients (p<0.001). Octreoscan UI was <10, 10-12, and >12 in IPF, NSIP, HP and GPA, respectively. Octreoscan UI was negatively associated with survival (p=0.002). CONCLUSIONS: NYHA class and sPAP are comparable ILD survival predictors. NYHA class is correlated with worse prognosis for IPF and NSIP vs. HP and GPA patients.
Subject(s)
Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonias , Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis , Lung Diseases, Interstitial , Humans , Middle Aged , Prognosis , New York , Pulmonary Artery , Lung Diseases, Interstitial/diagnosis , LungABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: CEA, CYFRA21-1 and NSE are tumor markers used for monitoring the response to chemotherapy in advanced adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and small-cell lung cancer, respectively. Their role in cancer immunotherapy needs to be elucidated. METHODS: Patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were treated with nivolumab 3 mg/kg every 2 weeks within the Italian Nivolumab Expanded Access Program. Blood samples were collected at baseline, at each cycle up to cycle 5 and then every two cycles until patient's withdrawn from the study. All patients underwent a CT-scan after every 4 cycles of treatment and responses were classified according to RECIST 1.1. The biomarkers serum levels were measured with a chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay for CEA and with an immuno radiometric assay for CYFRA21-1 and NSE. The markers values at baseline and after 4 cycles were used to analyze the relationship between their variation over baseline and the tumor response, evaluated as disease control rate (DCR: CR + PR + SD), and survival (PFS and OS). RESULTS: A total of 70 patients were evaluable for the analysis. Overall, a disease control was obtained in 24 patients (35.8%, 4 PR + 20 SD). After 4 cycles of nivolumab a CEA or CYFRA21-1 reduction ≥ 20% over the baseline was significantly associated with DCR (CEA, p = 0.021; CYFRA21-1, p < 0.001), PFS (CEA, p = 0.028; CYFRA21-1, p < 0.001) and OS (CEA, p = 0.026; CYFRA21-1, p = 0.019). Multivariate analysis confirmed the ability of CYFRA21-1 reduction ≥ 20% to predict DCR (p = 0.002) and PFS (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The reduction in serum level of CYFRA21-1 or CEA might be a reliable biomarker to predict immunotherapy efficacy in NSCLC patients. NSE was not significant for monitoring the efficacy of nivolumab.
Subject(s)
Antigens, Neoplasm/blood , Carcinoembryonic Antigen/blood , Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/blood , Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/drug therapy , Keratin-19/blood , Lung Neoplasms/blood , Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy , Nivolumab/therapeutic use , Phosphopyruvate Hydratase/blood , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Biomarkers, Tumor/blood , Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology , Disease-Free Survival , Female , Humans , Lung Neoplasms/pathology , Male , Middle Aged , Neoplasm StagingABSTRACT
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Only a few papers have treated of the relationship between Barrett's esophagus (BE) or erosive esophagitis (E) and coffee or tea intake. We evaluated the role of these beverages in BE and E occurrence. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Patients with BE (339), E (462) and controls (619) were recruited. Data on coffee and tea and other individual characteristics were collected using a structured questionnaire. RESULTS: BE risk was higher in former coffee drinkers, irrespective of levels of exposure (cup per day; ⩽1: OR=3.76, 95% CI 1.33-10.6; >1: OR=3.79, 95% CI 1.31-11.0; test for linear trend (TLT) P=0.006) and was higher with duration (>30 years: OR=4.18, 95% CI 1.43-12.3; TLT P=0.004) and for late quitters, respectively (⩽3 years from cessation: OR=5.95, 95% CI 2.19-16.2; TLT P<0.001). The risk of BE was also higher in subjects who started drinking coffee later (age >18 years: OR=6.10, 95% CI 2.15-17.3). No association was found in current drinkers, but for an increased risk of E in light drinkers (<1 cup per day OR =1.85, 95% CI 1.00-3.43).A discernible risk reduction of E (about 20%, not significant) and BE (about 30%, P<0.05) was observed in tea drinkers. CONCLUSIONS: Our data were suggestive of a reduced risk of BE and E with tea intake. An adverse effect of coffee was found among BE patients who had stopped drinking coffee. Coffee or tea intakes could be indicative of other lifestyle habits with protective or adverse impact on esophageal mucosa.
Subject(s)
Barrett Esophagus/prevention & control , Coffee , Esophagitis/prevention & control , Functional Food , Tea , Adult , Aged , Barrett Esophagus/diagnostic imaging , Barrett Esophagus/epidemiology , Barrett Esophagus/etiology , Case-Control Studies , Coffee/adverse effects , Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal , Esophageal Mucosa/diagnostic imaging , Esophagitis/diagnostic imaging , Esophagitis/epidemiology , Esophagitis/etiology , Female , Humans , Incidence , Italy/epidemiology , Male , Middle Aged , Risk Factors , Self Report , Tea/adverse effects , Teas, Herbal/adverse effectsABSTRACT
Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) have become a treatment after first-line chemotherapy in patients with advanced NSCLC. We assessed the predictive and prognostic role of EGFR and Kras mutations in NSCLC patients treated with TKIs after progression, not included in clinical trials. Gefitinib 250 mg or Erlotinib 150 mg per os were administered to 70 patients. Radiological assessment was performed every six weeks. EGFR and Kras mutations were found in 21.4% and 24.3% of patients, respectively. At multivariate analysis, Kras mutation was positively associated with progression-free survival (PFS; HR=0.71, 95% CI: 0.53-0.96; p=0.027) and, less clearly, with response (OR=1.84, 95% CI: 0.98-3.45; p=0.057) and survival (HR=0.74, 95% CI:0.54-1.02; p=0.066). EGFR mutation influenced positively PFS (HR=0.69, 95% CI: 0.47-1.02; p=0.06), but not survival. In conclusion, in our unselected patients mutation of Kras correlated with a better outcome. The small number of patients may explain some discrepancies with data in literature.
