[Magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of lacrimal tract pathology].

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to examine 45 patients (23 females and 22 males) aged 16-67 years with lacrimal tract pathology on a Sigma Gorizont magnetic resonance (MR) tomograph ("General Electric"). This yielded head MR scans in the frontal, axial, and sagittal projections. The thickness of MR sections was 2-3 mm. MRI provides direct images in 3 projections, permitting a full estimation of the lacrimal tract and its adjacent soft tissues. MRI is recommended for use in the examination of patients with complicates pathological processes after ineffective operations on the lacrimal tract, congenital lacrimatory disturbances, posttraumatic lesions, suspected tumors of the lacrimal duct and its adjacent soft tissues and paranasal sinuses.

[On validity of intralacunar exposure to surgical laser beam in chronic tonsillitis (experimental study)]. / O tselesoobraznosti intralakunarnogo vozdeistviia luchom khirurgicheskogo lazera pri khronicheskom tonzillite (éksperimental'noe issledovanie).

An experimental study was made on the removed tonsil to validate clinical efficiency of intralacunar impact of surgical laser beam. The experiment was based on computed tomography of the removed tonsil with intralacunar introduction of the contrast medium before and after intralacunar impact of surgical laser beam. The study demonstrates changes in the lacunar apparatus of the palatine tonsils in response to laser beam radiation. Dilation of the lacunae, disappearance of lacunar narrowings and branches promoted improvement of the drainage function of the lacunar complex of the palatine tonsils.

[A method of preparing a transplant for eliminating defects and deformities in the supporting facial tissues]. / Sposob izgotovleniia transplantata dlia ustraneniia defektov i deformatsii opornykh tkanei litsa.

A method for making transplants for repair of abutment tissue defects and deformations based on computer technology is proposed. The technology unites surgical treatment, clinical and x-ray computer-aided diagnosis, computer processing of information and models, experiments, and production. Correspondence of the implant to repaired structures, site of implantation, and individual defect was confirmed experimentally [5], clinically [10], and by control computer-aided tomography. For the first time an implant was made by computer technology, identical to abutment tissue defect, and a method for plastic repair of defects and deformations in the skull by individually prepared implants developed and realized under clinical conditions.

[Comparison of the results of roentgenography, panoramic zonography and computer-aided tomography in some deformations of facial skull]. / Sopostavlenie rezul'tatov rentgenografii, panoramnoi zonografii i komp'iuternoi tomografii pri nekotorykh deformatsiiakh litsevogo cherepa.

Fifty patients with congenital and posttraumatic deformations of the facial skull were examined using effective diagnostic schemes of x-ray examination (including panoramic roentgenography and sonography) and computer-aided tomography. The methods were found to supplement each other. Computer-aided tomography is more useful in posttraumatic deformations, for it helps specify the status of accessory nasal sinuses, detect the changes in the tissues of the eye-ball, optic nerve, and oculomotor muscles, and evaluate the consequences of craniocerebral injuries. The parameters obtained by three dimensional image reconstruction may be used for planning bone repair surgery.

[Role of computerized tomography in the diagnosis of osteomas of the sphenoid sinus with intracranial extension]. / Rol' komp'iuternoi tomografii v diagnostike osteom klinovidnykh pazukh v vnutricherepnym rasprostraneniem.

The paper reports two rare cases of sphenoidal osteoma which occur statistically in 1.9% of sphenoidal osteomas. Two women underwent computed tomography because of complaints of progressive headaches. The patients had recurrent unilateral exudative otitis media. CT localized the tumor spread into the cerebral cranium and promoted further treatment design. The authors state that indications to CT diagnosis in patients with headaches should be increased. It is also suggested to make CT-diagnosis more frequently in cases of recurrent unilateral exudative otitis.

[Late results of the treatment of patients with the extreme degree of alimentary-constitutional obesity by the method of formation of a small stomach]. / Otdalennye rezul'taty lecheniia bol'nykh s krainymi stepeniami alimentarno-konstitutsional'nogo ozhireniia metodom formirovaniia malogo zheludka.

The work analyses the results of treatment of 311 patients with extreme degrees of alimentary-constitutional obesity by formation of a small stomach. Fatal outcomes (1.9%) were encountered in the period of operative technique mastering. The late-term results were studied in 167 patients in follow-up periods of up to 3 years. The patients' average body weight was 149.4 kg, average height 166.2 cm, average body weight excess as compared to the ideal weight was 125.6%. Study of the late-term results of the operation showed that the postoperative weight loss depends on the initial weight excess and the diameter of the anastomosis formed between the proximal and distal parts of the stomach. The more the initial excess of weight as compared to the ideal value, the more the loss of body weight is. The diameter of the formed anastomosis should be no larger than 15 mm. Besides loss of weight, the activity of vital organs and systems is normalized after the operation, and arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, the Pickwickian syndrome, and metabolic polyarthritis take a milder course. The operation for formation of a small stomach made it possible for the patients to resume their customary occupation, freed them of the threat of invalidation, and reduced the duration of the disability period by 4.3 times. After surgical treatment the nature of the patients' life significantly improved; 95.8% of patients appraised the effect of the treatment as excellent and good.

[Small focal lesions of the stomach]. / Malye ochagovye porazheniia zheludka.

Small lesions of the stomach in 71 patients are examined roentgenologically, endoscopically and morphologically. The material of 110 gastrobiopsies and 17 stomachs removed because of carcinoma are also studied. The morphological characteristics of small focal stomach lesions (polyps, chronic ulcer, chronic erosions, chronic gastritis, carcinoma) which roentgenologically can be diagnosed only in 62%, is presented. The existing system of patient examination requires a new approach, i.e. the correct and duly diagnosis of stomach carcinoma is possible if repeated endoscopy and morphological study of biopsies are carried out. It seems that the group of "increased risk" should consist of patients with small focal lesions of the stomach in which pronounced dysplasia of the epithelium is observed histologically.