[The potential of cone beam computed tomography of the temporal bones in the patients presenting with otosclerosis]. / Vozmozhnosti konusno-luchevoi komp'yuternoi tomografii visochnykh kostei u patsientov s otosklerozom.

The objective of the present study was to analyze the potential of cone beam computed tomography of the temporal bones in the patients presenting with otosclerosis for the detection of surgically significant specific structural features of the labyrinth wall of the tympanic cavity. More than 400 tomograms of the temporal bones were obtained with the use of a cone beam tomographwere available for the investigation during the period from 2012 till 2016. The study was carried out in several steps, viz. the search for the optimal (for the given instrument) position of the patient, the experimental stage, the retrospective analysis of the tomograms and the comparison of the temporal bones of different types (pneumatic, mixed, and sclerotic) in individual patients, the comparison of the results of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) with the intraoperative observations, and the modification of the algorithm for the analysis of temporal bone cone beam tomograms. The study included a total of 16 patients (15 women at the age from 32 to 56 years and one managed 58 years) presenting with the clinical diagnosis of otosclerosis. The results of the study were used to elaborate the algorithm for the analysis of cone beam tomograms of the temporal bones to be performed inthe stage by stage manner including the qualitative analysis of tomograms, evaluation of their quantitative parameters and additional characteristics to be taken into consideration when planning the surgical interventions on the labyrinth wall and the tympanic cavity as a preparation for the stapedoplastic treatment. The results of CBCT obtained in the present study were compared with the surgical observations. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of the method were estimated to be 100% and 83% respectively. It is concluded that cone beam computed tomography can be employed as a component of the diagnostic algorithm prior to the planning of surgical interventions onthe medial wall of the tympanic cavity and the assessment of dynamics of the clinical course of middle ear diseases.

[Some aspects of rhinoseptoplasty].

The article contents analysis of preoperative preparation of 34 patients for rhinoseptoplasty, points out most frequent short- and long-term complications, methods of complications prevention and management. It is recommended to use computed imaging and endoscopy for examination of patients with nasal deformation. Psychological status of the patient should be examined not only by the surgeon but also by the psychologist and psychiatrist.

[The new pathogenetic treatment of cervical dystonia: rationale, methods, outcomes]. / Novyi patogeneticheskii sposob lecheniia tservikal'noi distonii (obosnovanie, metodika, rezul'taty).

The paper presents data obtained from studies of the impact of the otolithic apparatus of the inner ear on the degree of symptoms of cervical dystonia. The findings make it possible to substantiate a pathogenetic treatment of this disease, which involves intratimpanal unilateral injection of the vestibulotoxic antibiotic streptomycin. The results achieved and the mechanisms of the therapeutical effect observed are discussed.