Oil spills in the Barents Sea: The results of multiyear monitoring with synthetic aperture radar.

This paper presents the results of multiyear satellite monitoring of oil pollution in the Barents Sea conducted in 2015-2020. Monitoring was based on synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images from the European Space Agency's Sentinel-1A and Sentinel-1B satellites. During monitoring, more than 26,000 SAR images were collected and analyzed for oil pollution in the form of oil spills. A geographic information system (GIS) and a conventional interactive technique were used to efficiently analyze a substantial number of SAR images covering the Barents Sea. Our approach employed online geoportal based on GIS technology with a large volume of additional information (oceanographic, physical-geographical, and industrial) about the marine basin, including those for offshore oil and gas infrastructure. As a result, multiyear oil spill distribution map was generated and analyzed, and the most oil-polluted regions of the sea and natural seeps were identified. The analysis focused on the general characteristics of the spatial and temporal distribution and the main sources of oil pollution of the Barents Sea. Sources of oil spills with areas ranging from 0.5 to 90 km2 were interpreted based on data from the automatic ship identification systems used to monitor shipping and fishing. Based on the monitoring results, the general level of oil pollution in the Barents Sea is established, statistics were calculated, and risk zones identified. The most polluted marine areas are in the southern part of the sea, where maritime shipping continuous; moderate levels of pollution appear in the fishing zones in the central part of the sea. Finally, the study results show that overall oil pollution in the Barents Sea is still relatively low compared to other marginal and inland seas of Europe.

A new insight into mechanisms of interferon alpha neurotoxicity: Expression of GRIN3A subunit of NMDA receptors and NMDA-evoked exocytosis.

Neurological and psychiatric side effects accompany the high-dose interferon-alpha (IFNA) therapy. The primary genes responsible for these complications are mostly unknown. Our genome-wide search in mouse and rat genomes for the conservative genes containing IFN-stimulated response elements (ISRE) in their promoters revealed a new potential target gene of IFNA, Grin3α, which encodes the 3A subunit of NMDA receptor. This study aimed to explore the impact of IFNA on the expression of Grin3α and Ifnα genes and neurotransmitters endo/exocytosis in the mouse brain. We administered recombinant human IFN-alpha 2b (rhIFN-α2b) intracranially, and 24 h later, we isolated six brain regions and used the samples for RT-qPCR and western blot analysis. Synaptosomes were isolated from the cortex to analyze endo/exocytosis with acridine orange and L-[14C]glutamate. IFNA induced an increase in Grin3α mRNA and GRIN3A protein, but a decrease in Ifnα mRNA and protein. IFNA did not affect the accumulation and distribution of L-[14C]glutamate and acridine orange between synaptosomes and the extra-synaptosomal space. It caused the more significant acridine orange release activated by NMDA or glutamate than from control mice's synaptosomes. In response to IFNA, the newly discovered association between elevated Grin3α expression and NMDA- and glutamate-evoked neurotransmitters release from synaptosomes implies a new molecular mechanism of IFNA neurotoxicity.

[OVERWEIGHT CAUSES A DECREASE STOCKS CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM].

Examined 117 students of the National Pedagogical Dragomanov University to assess body mass index and indicators of the functional state of the cardiovascular system. Was established that regulatory mechanisms in students with overweight and underweight are in a state of tension and functionalities of the cardiovascular system are reduced under normal conditions of learning.

[Microbiological validation of the composition of "decaceol", an antiseptic prolonged-release drug]. / Mikrobiolohichne obhruntuvannia skladu antyseptychnoho preparatu prolonhovanoï diï "dekatseol".

With the aid of different microbiological methods, antimicrobal properties of decametoxine, a home-produced antiseptic, were studied together with those of the synthetic zoelite NaA-base drug preparation. The antimicrobial activity of the above drug has been shown to be of a synergistic character that makes it a very promising medical agent which will, we believe, come to be widely used in medical practice.

[Syndrome of the superior oblique muscle rigidity: clinico-anatomical aspects and results of treatment of 8 patients]. / Sindrom rigidnosti verkhnei kosoi myshtsy: kliniko-anatomicheskie osobennosti i rezul'taty lecheniia 8 bol'nykh.

Tenectomy of the superior oblique muscle resulted in complete disappearance of Brown's syndrome in 7 out of 8 children operated on. In view of this, it can be a method of choice in treatment of the syndrome. There was the first clinical case of an additional abnormal attachment of the superior oblique muscle tendon to the sclera. In another patient an abnormal marked vascularization of the tendon identified histologically had the appearance of a muscular structure at the site of the tendon seen at the operation.

[The syndrome of congenital unilateral hyperfunction of the inferior oblique muscle: clinico-pathogenetic variants]. / Sindrom vrozhdennogo odnostoronnei giperfunktsii nizhnei kosoi myshtsy: kliniko-patogeneticheskie varianty.

Examination of 21 children with unilateral congenital paresis of superior oblique muscle and of 50 children with unilateral hyperfunction of inferior oblique muscle has shown that both forms of early squint have a picture of the same syndrome of oblique muscles disfunction as a primary congenital defect of muscular balance. A constant sign of the syndrome is unilateral hypertropia of adduction, disappearing or sharply reducing in abduction of the upward deviated eye, as well as horizontal squint of a convergent type, more frequently esotropia, nonaccommodative or partially accommodative, accompanied by a V-sign. It is proposed to name this syndrome as "syndrome of congenital unilateral hyperfunction of inferior oblique muscle".

[Immunologic indices of tuberculosis in pregnant women]. / Nekotorye immunologicheskie pokazateli pri tuberkuleze u beremennykh.

The results of immunological examination of 40 pregnant women recovered from tuberculosis and 7 healthy pregnant women are presented. The highest titers of antituberculous antibodies, the highest levels of leukocyte migration inhibition in response to tuberculin and the highest percentage of formazan-positive neutrophils were characteristic of the women recovered from tuberculosis. There was an increase in the indices by the pregnancy terms from the 36th to the 40th weeks. Simultaneous detection of the high indices of the immunological tests was prognostically unfavourable which could be used as a basis for arrangements on preventing tuberculosis aggravation during pregnancy.

[Croup in toxic forms of diphtheria in adults]. / Krup pri toksixheskikh formakh difterii u vzroslykh.

Toxic patterns of diphtheria of the fauces in adults are characterized by laryngeal lesions which considerably deteriorate the disease prognosis. The clinical manifestations of diphtheric croup may be unpronounced in such cases and be masked by other severe disease symptoms. If patients with toxic diphtheria develop croup, the necessity of surgical treatment arises at earlier times as compared with cases of isolated croup.