ABSTRACT
In 1989, the ERASMUS Bureau of the European Cultural Foundation of the Commission of the European Communities funded the development of a new 3-year curriculum for postgraduate education in orthodontics. The new curriculum was created by directors for orthodontic education representing 15 European countries. The curriculum entitled 'Three years Postgraduate Programme in Orthodontics: the Final Report of the Erasmus Project' was published 1992. In 2012, the 'Network of Erasmus Based European Orthodontic Programmes' developed and approved an updated version of the guidelines. The core programme consists of eight sections: general biological and medical subjects; basic orthodontic subjects; general orthodontic subjects; orthodontic techniques; interdisciplinary subjects; management of health and safety; practice management, administration, and ethics; extramural educational activities. The programme goals and objectives are described and the competencies to be reached are outlined. These guidelines may serve as a baseline for programme development and quality assessment for postgraduate programme directors, national associations, and governmental bodies and could assist future residents when selecting a postgraduate programme.
Subject(s)
Education, Dental, Graduate/standards , Orthodontics/education , Curriculum/standards , Education, Dental, Graduate/organization & administration , Europe , European Union , Humans , International Cooperation , Program Evaluation/methods , Program Evaluation/standardsSubject(s)
Sterilization, Reproductive , Sterilization , Corrosion , Dental Instruments , Humans , Surgical InstrumentsABSTRACT
A common finding in orthodontic patients is asymmetric occlusion. These asymmetries can be dental, skeletal, or functional in origin. Since many patients have typical posterior overjet the use of Class II-Class III and anterior crisscross elastics are contra-indicated. Even in skeletal discrepancies axial inclination compensation can produce relatively normal overjet in the arch. The best strategy for non-extraction therapy is to move teeth around the arch rather than an en-masse movement of the entire arch. A number of methods for unilateral distalization are discussed. Midline correction requires the determination of facial, apical base, and posterior midpoints. Differential mechanics between patients with apical base discrepancies and no apical base is presented. Although intermaxillary elastics can be indicated the undesirable effects of eruption and frontal occlusal plane tilt should be considered. Advantages in control and ease of occlusal correction rest with intra-arch mechanics. The use of intermaxillary elastics for the correction subdivision cases can lead to instability and or mandibular shifts.
Subject(s)
Facial Asymmetry/therapy , Malocclusion/therapy , Orthodontic Appliances , Orthodontics, Corrective/methods , Contraindications , Humans , Orthodontics, Corrective/instrumentation , Recurrence , Tooth Movement Techniques/methodsABSTRACT
The stress-strain behaviour of two Ni-Ti and two Copper Ni-Ti orthodontic wires was examined in induced torsion under controlled conditions of moment and temperature. The tests clearly demonstrate the diversity of behaviour of these wires. The loading and unloading curves and plateau regions were found to be closely related to temperature with stiffness varying dramatically over mouth temperature range under identical stress. Diversity of reaction to stress is linked to the crystalline structure of the alloys.
Subject(s)
Copper/chemistry , Dental Alloys/chemistry , Nickel/chemistry , Orthodontic Wires , Titanium/chemistry , Body Temperature , Calorimetry, Differential Scanning , Chemical Phenomena , Chemistry, Physical , Cold Temperature , Crystallography , Elasticity , Hot Temperature , Humans , Materials Testing , Stress, Mechanical , Temperature , Torsion AbnormalityABSTRACT
Nickel-titanium (Nitinol, NiTi Ormco) and stainless steel (Tru-chrome) orthodontic archwires were studied by means of torsion test at 37 degrees Celsius. At small activations (20 degrees, 25 degrees, 30 degrees) nickel-titanium wires have a comparable stiffness to stainless steel wires. At larges activations (from 35 degrees) nickel-titanium wires produce lower moments than stainless steel wires. At 35 degrees of activation the average stiffness of NiTi Ormco is 56% that of Tru-chrome. At 35 degrees of activation the average stiffness of Nitinol is 43% that of Tru-chrome.
