ABSTRACT
No disponible
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Pemphigus/diagnosis , Dermatitis Herpetiformis/diagnosis , Sulfones/therapeutic useABSTRACT
Visible injury caused by ozone is recorded every year in native plant species growing in Great Smoky Mountains National Park (USA). One of the most sensitive species, cutleaf coneflower (Rudbeckia laciniata L.), shows great variation in symptoms between and within populations but the causes of this variation and its ecological significance are currently unknown. This paper presents data relating to genetic variation, ozone concentrations, stomatal conductance and light (PAR) within populations. The data show that populations differ in genetic diversity, one consisting of only three genets while another was very diverse. In the former population, symptoms varied greatly within a single genet, pointing to a large micro-environmental influence. Measurements of ozone, stomatal conductance and PAR within plant canopies suggest that variation in symptom expression is unlikely to be due to differences in ozone flux and more likely to be due to variation in light. The variation in visible symptoms raises the question of what bioindicators actually indicate, and it suggests that symptoms should be interpreted with great caution until the underlying causes of that variation are fully understood.
Subject(s)
Air Pollutants/adverse effects , Environmental Monitoring/methods , Ozone/adverse effects , Rudbeckia/drug effects , Genetic Variation , Photic Stimulation , Plant Leaves/drug effects , Rudbeckia/genetics , TennesseeABSTRACT
Prostate cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths for men in the United States. Like other malignancies, prostate cancer is underscored by a variety of aberrant genetic alterations during its development. Although loss of heterozygosity or allelic loss is frequently identified among prostate cancers, few genes have been identified thus far as critical to the development of invasive prostate cancers. In this report, we used the recently developed technology, the "differential subtraction chain," to perform a genome-wide search for sequences that are deleted in an aggressive prostate cancer. Among the deleted sequences, we found that one sequence was deleted in >50% of prostate cancers we tested. We mapped this sequence to chromosome 4q25 by screening the Genebridge 4 hamster radiation panel with primers specific to this probe, and subsequently identify a 54-kb minimal common deletion region that contains the sequence encoding myopodin. Sequence analysis indicates that myopodin shares significant homology with synaptopodin, a protein closely associated with podocyte and neuron differentiation. Further study shows that frequent complete or partial deletions of the myopodin gene occurred among invasive prostate cancer cases (25 of 31 cases, or 80%). Statistical analysis indicates that deletion of myopodin is highly correlated with the invasiveness of prostate cancers, and thus may hold promise as an important prognostic marker for prostate cancers.
Subject(s)
Gene Deletion , Microfilament Proteins/genetics , Prostatic Neoplasms/genetics , Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology , Amino Acid Sequence/genetics , Base Sequence/genetics , Chromosomes, Human, Pair 4/genetics , Humans , Male , Molecular Sequence Data , Neoplasm Invasiveness , Sequence Homology, Amino AcidABSTRACT
The effectiveness of mechanical oral cleaning and oral antimicrobial rinses was compared for gingivitis and bacterial plaque control in 158 subjects. Teeth were brushed ad lib throughout; four of the five groups used either an interdental cleaner, dental floss, an essential oil mouthwash or a cetypyridinium mouthwash. Gingival bleeding (EIBI), visual inflammation (VGI), and tooth plaque coverage were evaluated at zero, six and 12 weeks of product use. After six weeks, bleeding reduction was 42% greater for the interdental cleaner and 21% greater for the dental floss than for the control. All groups showed a further decrease after 12 weeks, but only the 49% reduction of the interdental cleaner was significantly greater than the control. The rinses showed no more reduction in bleeding sites than the control throughout the study. VGI scores were no different from the control for any of the groups. However, the EIBI proved much more sensitive than the visual method finding three times as many inflamed sites. Plaque was reduced by both antimicrobial rinses 27% more than the control over 12 weeks; the interdental cleaner and dental floss groups showed no significant incremental plaque reductions. The results suggest antimicrobial rinses reduce plaque on visible tooth surfaces, but do not penetrate sufficiently between teeth to affect interdental plaque and thus interdental inflammation. However, by disturbing interdental plaque, both dental floss and the interdental cleaner have little effect on visible tooth surface plaque accumulation, yet produce a significant reduction in gingival inflammation.
Subject(s)
Dental Devices, Home Care , Dental Plaque/prevention & control , Gingivitis/therapy , Mouthwashes , Oral Hygiene/methods , Analysis of Variance , Cetylpyridinium , Drug Combinations , Humans , Salicylates , TerpenesSubject(s)
Human Rights/legislation & jurisprudence , Interprofessional Relations , Sexual Behavior , Female , Humans , Male , Minnesota , United StatesABSTRACT
Unwaxed and waxed dental floss were clinically evaluated for effectiveness in reducing gingival inflammation. Two different scoring methods were employed. Both types of floss, when administered by a dental hygienist, were very effective, but no significant differences between them could be found. Both scoring methods led to the same conclusions, but one was more sensitive and provided more detailed information.
