ABSTRACT
Anti-α-Gal responses may exert a protective effect in falciparum malaria. However, the biological role of such antibodies is still unknown during Plasmodium vivax infections. We investigated IgG and IgM responses to α-Gal in individuals with vivax malaria. Anti-α-Gal IgG and IgM levels were higher in these patients than in controls, but no significant correlation was found between parasitaemia and anti-α-Gal response, nor between this response and ABO blood group status. This is the first study to investigate anti-α-Gal antibodies in P. vivax-infected patients; a larger survey is necessary to achieve a better understanding of host immune response during vivax malaria.
Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Plasmodium vivax/immunology , Immunoglobulin G/blood , Immunoglobulin M/blood , Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic/blood , Malaria, Vivax/blood , Immunoglobulin G/immunology , Immunoglobulin M/immunology , Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic/metabolism , Malaria, Vivax/immunology , Middle AgedABSTRACT
The Petasis condensation of vinylic or aromatic boronic acids, aromatic aldehydes, and amines is assisted by a hydroxy group adjacent to the aldehyde moiety. The products derived from salicylaldehydes and vinylboronic acids undergo cyclization to 2H-chromene compounds with ejection of amine upon heating. A catalytic preparation of 2H-chromenes using resin-bound amine is reported, allowing the convenient incorporation of a variety of components.